Purpose: Malaria continues to be a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. While Batwa Indigenous People (IPs) face a higher burden of malaria, there is limited understanding of their...Purpose: Malaria continues to be a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. While Batwa Indigenous People (IPs) face a higher burden of malaria, there is limited understanding of their malaria-lived experiences. We assessed and characterized malaria illness and accessing healthcare lived experiences of the Batwa in Kanungu district to inform contextually and culturally appropriate public health interventions. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in 5 Batwa settlements where 5 Focus Group Discussions (n = 36) and 13 Key Informant Interviews (n = 13) were held. Data were collected using printed guides and voice recorders in April 2018. Transcripts from the data that captured the lived experiences of the symptoms, prevention, treatment and barriers to accessing formal healthcare services were applied to Atlas.ti a qualitative data analysis software and condensed into codes, categories, and themes. Results: Many Batwa have experienced malaria in their households, and they know its causes and risk factors, like not sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), living near water bodies, prevention measures like the use of ITNs, and vector management. The lived experiences demonstrate malaria management by an Indigenous population in a rural setting and comprised detecting malaria symptoms, use of herbs as first line of treatment, buying medicines from drug shops, and village health teams (VHTs) treatment. For many Batwa accessing formal healthcare is normally a second option. Barriers for malaria treatment included: long distances to health facilities, geographically difficult terrain, economic constraints, irregular health outreaches, and stockouts of malaria medicines at health facilities. Conclusion: This study characterized Batwa’s malaria illness lived experiences and access to healthcare in rural remote settings. These experiences are essential in appreciating the ways in which Indigenous populations understand and manage common illnesses and how appropriate policies and interventions can be developed.展开更多
在互联网时代的宏观背景下,需要了解基于IP无线接入网(IP Radio Access Network,IPRAN)的主要作用。在本地网组网技术模式研究中,可以利用分组传输的数据值,通过设备实现基站业务回传和专线业务综合接入。IPRAN有极高的便捷性和兼容性,5...在互联网时代的宏观背景下,需要了解基于IP无线接入网(IP Radio Access Network,IPRAN)的主要作用。在本地网组网技术模式研究中,可以利用分组传输的数据值,通过设备实现基站业务回传和专线业务综合接入。IPRAN有极高的便捷性和兼容性,5G综合业务接入网IPRAN是未来的重要发展趋势,具有高品质、多点化服务特征。在承载需求上,从长期演进(Long Term Evolution,LTE)角度出发,依托区域骨干网对IPRAN组网各设备的构建和组网需求进行分析,实现综合业务接入网IPRAN的本地网组网技术模式的规划完善。展开更多
文摘Purpose: Malaria continues to be a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. While Batwa Indigenous People (IPs) face a higher burden of malaria, there is limited understanding of their malaria-lived experiences. We assessed and characterized malaria illness and accessing healthcare lived experiences of the Batwa in Kanungu district to inform contextually and culturally appropriate public health interventions. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in 5 Batwa settlements where 5 Focus Group Discussions (n = 36) and 13 Key Informant Interviews (n = 13) were held. Data were collected using printed guides and voice recorders in April 2018. Transcripts from the data that captured the lived experiences of the symptoms, prevention, treatment and barriers to accessing formal healthcare services were applied to Atlas.ti a qualitative data analysis software and condensed into codes, categories, and themes. Results: Many Batwa have experienced malaria in their households, and they know its causes and risk factors, like not sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), living near water bodies, prevention measures like the use of ITNs, and vector management. The lived experiences demonstrate malaria management by an Indigenous population in a rural setting and comprised detecting malaria symptoms, use of herbs as first line of treatment, buying medicines from drug shops, and village health teams (VHTs) treatment. For many Batwa accessing formal healthcare is normally a second option. Barriers for malaria treatment included: long distances to health facilities, geographically difficult terrain, economic constraints, irregular health outreaches, and stockouts of malaria medicines at health facilities. Conclusion: This study characterized Batwa’s malaria illness lived experiences and access to healthcare in rural remote settings. These experiences are essential in appreciating the ways in which Indigenous populations understand and manage common illnesses and how appropriate policies and interventions can be developed.
文摘在互联网时代的宏观背景下,需要了解基于IP无线接入网(IP Radio Access Network,IPRAN)的主要作用。在本地网组网技术模式研究中,可以利用分组传输的数据值,通过设备实现基站业务回传和专线业务综合接入。IPRAN有极高的便捷性和兼容性,5G综合业务接入网IPRAN是未来的重要发展趋势,具有高品质、多点化服务特征。在承载需求上,从长期演进(Long Term Evolution,LTE)角度出发,依托区域骨干网对IPRAN组网各设备的构建和组网需求进行分析,实现综合业务接入网IPRAN的本地网组网技术模式的规划完善。
