A simple WDM Add-Drop Multiplexer (ADM) Consisting of a set of Er-doped fibers (EDF) and a shared pump is proposed. The chief benefit of the module is that the interchannel power spread does not accumulate from stage ...A simple WDM Add-Drop Multiplexer (ADM) Consisting of a set of Er-doped fibers (EDF) and a shared pump is proposed. The chief benefit of the module is that the interchannel power spread does not accumulate from stage to stage in a cascaded WDM system. Moreover, the power differences caused by different component losses existing in the WDM networks can be automatically compressed. The cost will not increase a lot since the pump source is shared in the module. The performance of a cascaded system constructed from the modules has been carefully studied by computer simulation.展开更多
IP over WDM is being envisioned as one of the most attractive architectures for the next generation Internet. This paper introduces two novel backbone node structures for IP over WDM networks. These node structures ca...IP over WDM is being envisioned as one of the most attractive architectures for the next generation Internet. This paper introduces two novel backbone node structures for IP over WDM networks. These node structures can be used as improvement approaches to DPDP (default path and dedicated path) method. The flow classifiers, which are the main components of these node structures, and the performance metrics of these structures, are also discussed.展开更多
Integrating IP and WDM is an attractive direction for research. Many solutions have been presented but it is noted that the existing switching technologies still need more concern. Since optical packet switching is no...Integrating IP and WDM is an attractive direction for research. Many solutions have been presented but it is noted that the existing switching technologies still need more concern. Since optical packet switching is not practical yet, there are just two possible solutions left. One is wavelength routing(WR), which is circuit switching in essence and the other is newly proposed optical burst switching (OBS). In this paper, characteristics of WR and OBS are first described, then, compared in several aspects. It is notice that in many aspects, the wavelength routing and burst switching are complement. This stimulates us to propose a new switching architecture, which may be considered as "mixture" of WR and OBS. We beleve the network built on new switching structure can accommodate the requirements of practicability, flexibility, robustness, effciency and etc. simultaneously. However, many related problems still need to be further researched.展开更多
A new core-based shared tree algorithm, viz core-cluster combination-based shared tree (CCST) algorithm and the weighted version (i.e. w-CCST algorithm) are proposed in order to resolve the channel resources waste...A new core-based shared tree algorithm, viz core-cluster combination-based shared tree (CCST) algorithm and the weighted version (i.e. w-CCST algorithm) are proposed in order to resolve the channel resources waste problem in typical source-based multicast routing algorithms in low earth orbit (LEO) satellite IP networks. The CCST algorithm includes the dynamic approximate center (DAC) core selection method and the core-cluster combination multicast route construction scheme. Without complicated onboard computation, the DAC method is uniquely developed for highly dynamic networks of periodical and regular movement. The core-cluster combination method takes core node as the initial core-cluster, and expands it stepwise to construct an entire multicast tree at the lowest tree cost by a shortest path scheme between the newly-generated core-cluster and surplus group members, which results in great bandwidth utilization. Moreover, the w-CCST algorithm is able to strike a balance between performance of tree cost and that of end-to-end propagation delay by adjusting the weighted factor to meet strict end-to-end delay requirements of some real-time multicast services at the expense of a slight increase in tree cost. Finally, performance comparison is conducted between the proposed algorithms and typical algorithms in LEO satellite IP networks. Simulation results show that the CCST algorithm significantly decreases the average tree cost against to the others, and also the average end-to-end propagation delay ofw-CCST algorithm is lower than that of the CCST algorithm.展开更多
A lot of routing algorithms have been proposed for low earth orbit(LEO) satellite IP networks in recent years,but most of them cannot achieve global optimization.The dynamic characters of LEO satellite networks are ...A lot of routing algorithms have been proposed for low earth orbit(LEO) satellite IP networks in recent years,but most of them cannot achieve global optimization.The dynamic characters of LEO satellite networks are reflected in two aspects:topology and traffic change.The algorithms mentioned above are "hard routing" which only realize local optimization.A distributed soft routing algorithm combined with multi-agent system(MASSR) is proposed.In MASSR,mobile agents are used to gather routing information actively,and blackboard is introduced to achieve direct information exchange between agents.MASSR provides traffic adaptive routing and tracks the change of LEO satellite network topology.The performance of ant colony optimization(ACO) and MASSR are compared in Iridium constellation,and MASSR presents better end-to-end delay as well as enhanced robustness.展开更多
In this paper we have designed an implemented an integrated framework of QoS for Three Level Mobility Model(TLMM),which has been recently proved to be the optimal mobility management solution for next generation wirel...In this paper we have designed an implemented an integrated framework of QoS for Three Level Mobility Model(TLMM),which has been recently proved to be the optimal mobility management solution for next generation wireless IP-based networks.The QoS solution uses a combination of IntServ and DiffServ models incorporated in TLMM architecture.The paper also proposes an effi cient dynamic handover policy that takes care of false handover.Simulation and analytical results have shown that this infrastructure guarantees eff icient QoS handling and scalability among end users.To provide a comparative understanding of the QoS mechanism and signaling load of TLMM we have used TeleMIP(without QoS support) and MIP as alternative mobility management protocols.展开更多
Active Queue Management (AQM) is an active research area in the Internet community. Random Early Detection (RED) is a typical AQM algorithm, but it is known that it is difficult to configure its parameters and its ave...Active Queue Management (AQM) is an active research area in the Internet community. Random Early Detection (RED) is a typical AQM algorithm, but it is known that it is difficult to configure its parameters and its average queue length is closely related to the load level. This paper proposes an effective fuzzy congestion control algorithm based on fuzzy logic which uses the pre- dominance of fuzzy logic to deal with uncertain events. The main advantage of this new congestion control algorithm is that it discards the packet dropping mechanism of RED, and calculates packet loss according to a preconfigured fuzzy logic by using the queue length and the buffer usage ratio. Theo- retical analysis and Network Simulator (NS) simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves more throughput and more stable queue length than traditional schemes. It really improves a router's ability in network congestion control in IP network.展开更多
In the internet protocol(IP) over multi-granular optical switch network (IP/MG-OXC), the network node is a typical multilayer switch comprising several layers, the IP packet switching (PXC) layer, wavelength swi...In the internet protocol(IP) over multi-granular optical switch network (IP/MG-OXC), the network node is a typical multilayer switch comprising several layers, the IP packet switching (PXC) layer, wavelength switching (WXC) layer and fiber switching (FXC) layer. This network is capable of both IP layer grooming and wavelength grooming in a hierarchical manner. Resource provisioning in the multi-granular network paradigm is called hierarchical grooming problem. An integer linear programming (ILP) model is proposed to formulate the problem. An iterative heuristic approach is developed for solving the problem in large networks. Case study shows that IP/MG-OXC network is much more extendible and can significantly save the overall network cost as compared with IP over wavelength division multiplexing network.展开更多
In this work,the impact of hop constraints on the CAPEX of multi-layer IP/MPLS over WSON networks is evaluated under different scenarios. By routing lightpaths with different number of transparent hops,the cost of net...In this work,the impact of hop constraints on the CAPEX of multi-layer IP/MPLS over WSON networks is evaluated under different scenarios. By routing lightpaths with different number of transparent hops,the cost of networks varies significantly. This effect is thoroughly analyzed with a heuristic algorithm for different network topologies belonging to some European network operators. The main conclusion extracted is that limiting the transparent reach in such multi-layer networks can give a good tradeoff between CAPEX of IP/MPLS networks and WSON networks,and even lead to signifi cant savings in CAPEX when compared to longer lightpaths routing strategies.展开更多
A novel mechanism was specified by which a node in ad hoc network may autoconfigure an IP address which is unique throughout the mobile ad hoc network. This new algorithm imposes less and constant overhead and delay i...A novel mechanism was specified by which a node in ad hoc network may autoconfigure an IP address which is unique throughout the mobile ad hoc network. This new algorithm imposes less and constant overhead and delay in obtaining an IP address, and fully utilizes the available addresses space of an ad hoc network, and independent of the existing routing protocol, and less prone to security threats. Moreover, a new Join/Leave mechanism was proposed as an enhancement to the new IP address autoconfiguration algorithm, to support the overall operation of the existing routing protocol of wireless ad hoc networks.展开更多
Routing and wavelength assignment for online real-time multicast connection setup is a difficult task due to the dynamic change of availabilities of wavelengths on links and the consideration of wavelength conversion ...Routing and wavelength assignment for online real-time multicast connection setup is a difficult task due to the dynamic change of availabilities of wavelengths on links and the consideration of wavelength conversion delay in WDM networks. This paper presents a distributed routing and wavelength assignment scheme for the setup of real-time multicast connections. It integrates routing and wavelength assignment as a single process, which greatly reduces the connection setup time. The proposed routing method is based on the Prim’s MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) algorithm and the K-restricted breadth-first search method, which can produce a sub-minimal cost tree under a given delay bound. The wave-length assignment uses the least-conversion and load balancing strategies. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is suitable for online multicast connection establishment in WDM networks.展开更多
In this paper, the wavelength-routed WDM network was analyzed for the dynamic case where the arrival of anycast requests was modeled by a state-dependent Poisson process. The equilibrium analysis was also given with t...In this paper, the wavelength-routed WDM network was analyzed for the dynamic case where the arrival of anycast requests was modeled by a state-dependent Poisson process. The equilibrium analysis was also given with the UWNC algorithm.展开更多
In this paper,an algorithm Wireless Multimedia Transmission Control(WMTC) is proposed for multimedia transmission control over wired-wireless networks.The relationship between packet length and packet loss rate in the...In this paper,an algorithm Wireless Multimedia Transmission Control(WMTC) is proposed for multimedia transmission control over wired-wireless networks.The relationship between packet length and packet loss rate in the Gilbert wireless error model is investigated.Furthermore,the algorithm can detect the nature of packet losses by sending large and small packets alternately,and control the sending rate of nodes.In addition,by means of updating factor K,this algorithm can adapt to the changes of network states quickly.Compared with previous algorithms,simulation results show that WMTC can both improve the networks throughput of multimedia transmissions and reduce the congestion loss rate in various situations.展开更多
In this paper, we contrive a model that underpins the offline Physical Layer Impairment-Routing and Wavelength Assignment (PLI-RWA) issue in translucent networks. We introduce an innovative PLI-Signal Quality Aware RW...In this paper, we contrive a model that underpins the offline Physical Layer Impairment-Routing and Wavelength Assignment (PLI-RWA) issue in translucent networks. We introduce an innovative PLI-Signal Quality Aware RWA (PLI-SQARWA) algorithm that (a) guarantees zero blocking due to signal degradation and wavelength contention and (b) aims at minimizing the total required number of network components i.e. regenerators and all-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs). Further, in view of reducing the time delay due to optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversions, we propose a novel electro-optical hybrid translucent node architecture. We show that PLI-SQARWA outperforms a recent heuristic for RWA and regenerator placement (RP) in terms of capital expenditure (CapEx) and time delay;while demonstrating superior blocking performance at all traffic loads. In addition, at high traffic loads, PLI-SQARWA also starts to provision savings on operational expenditure (OpEx). We proceed to the performance comparison of network equipped with the proposed hybrid node and existing translucent and transparent node architectures. The results clearly show that use of the hybrid node incurs less time delay at a similar blocking performance shown by nodes which use OEO conversion for both, regeneration and/or wavelength conversion. The results presented also highlight the significance of equipping the PLI-RWA routing phase with signal quality awareness in order to reduce the network component count and the use of AOWCs to minimize time delay due to OEO conversions.展开更多
In a translucent network scenario, development of an optical control plane (OCP) that is aware of the location and number of available regenerators and all-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs) is of paramount importa...In a translucent network scenario, development of an optical control plane (OCP) that is aware of the location and number of available regenerators and all-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs) is of paramount importance. However, current generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) protocol suite does not consider the distribution of regenerator and AOWC availability information to all the network nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel optical control plane (OCP) architecture that 1) disseminates information about network components (i.e. regenerators and AOWCs) to all the network nodes, and 2) evaluates candidate routes which use fewest amounts of network components. Performance of the proposed OCP is compared with a recently proposed hybrid OCP approach in terms of blocking performance, number of deployed components and lightpath establishment setup times. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed OCP approach demonstrates low connection blocking and establishes lightpaths by 1) minimizing the overall network cost owing to the deployment of minimum total number of network components, and 2) demonstrating acceptable lightpath establishment setup times at all traffic loads. Further, the proposed OCP methodology is compatible and suitable for controlling the operations of a novel electro-optical hybrid translucent node which is a latency efficient technology capable of delivering a cost effective implementation suitable for large scale deployment.展开更多
For all optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) network based on G.653 fibers, we investigate the quality factor deterioration due to combined nonlinear effects and Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise fo...For all optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) network based on G.653 fibers, we investigate the quality factor deterioration due to combined nonlinear effects and Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise for system parameters based on ITU-T Recommendation G.692. The investigation: (a) emphasizes on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and four wave mixing (FWM) effects which are the dominant nonlinearities known to limit WDM system performance and (b) accounts for beating between nonlinearities and beating between ASE noise and nonlinearities. Using the proposed model, performance of the worst affected channels due to SRS and FWM is compared and the results indicate that the worst affected channel due to SRS performs better and hence must be preferred for reliable and efficient transmission over the worst affected channel due to FWM. Further, the results suggest that to achieve a desired error rate (quality factor);there exists an optimal value of channel spacing for a given number of channels. The proposed theoretical model is also validated through extensive simulations over Rsoft OptSimTM simulator and the two sets of results are found to match, indicating that the proposed model accurately calculates the quality factor of the all optical WDM network.展开更多
基金Supported by State Science and Technology Commission of China
文摘A simple WDM Add-Drop Multiplexer (ADM) Consisting of a set of Er-doped fibers (EDF) and a shared pump is proposed. The chief benefit of the module is that the interchannel power spread does not accumulate from stage to stage in a cascaded WDM system. Moreover, the power differences caused by different component losses existing in the WDM networks can be automatically compressed. The cost will not increase a lot since the pump source is shared in the module. The performance of a cascaded system constructed from the modules has been carefully studied by computer simulation.
文摘IP over WDM is being envisioned as one of the most attractive architectures for the next generation Internet. This paper introduces two novel backbone node structures for IP over WDM networks. These node structures can be used as improvement approaches to DPDP (default path and dedicated path) method. The flow classifiers, which are the main components of these node structures, and the performance metrics of these structures, are also discussed.
文摘Integrating IP and WDM is an attractive direction for research. Many solutions have been presented but it is noted that the existing switching technologies still need more concern. Since optical packet switching is not practical yet, there are just two possible solutions left. One is wavelength routing(WR), which is circuit switching in essence and the other is newly proposed optical burst switching (OBS). In this paper, characteristics of WR and OBS are first described, then, compared in several aspects. It is notice that in many aspects, the wavelength routing and burst switching are complement. This stimulates us to propose a new switching architecture, which may be considered as "mixture" of WR and OBS. We beleve the network built on new switching structure can accommodate the requirements of practicability, flexibility, robustness, effciency and etc. simultaneously. However, many related problems still need to be further researched.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60532030, 10577005, 60625102) Innovation Foundation of Aerospace Science and Technology of China
文摘A new core-based shared tree algorithm, viz core-cluster combination-based shared tree (CCST) algorithm and the weighted version (i.e. w-CCST algorithm) are proposed in order to resolve the channel resources waste problem in typical source-based multicast routing algorithms in low earth orbit (LEO) satellite IP networks. The CCST algorithm includes the dynamic approximate center (DAC) core selection method and the core-cluster combination multicast route construction scheme. Without complicated onboard computation, the DAC method is uniquely developed for highly dynamic networks of periodical and regular movement. The core-cluster combination method takes core node as the initial core-cluster, and expands it stepwise to construct an entire multicast tree at the lowest tree cost by a shortest path scheme between the newly-generated core-cluster and surplus group members, which results in great bandwidth utilization. Moreover, the w-CCST algorithm is able to strike a balance between performance of tree cost and that of end-to-end propagation delay by adjusting the weighted factor to meet strict end-to-end delay requirements of some real-time multicast services at the expense of a slight increase in tree cost. Finally, performance comparison is conducted between the proposed algorithms and typical algorithms in LEO satellite IP networks. Simulation results show that the CCST algorithm significantly decreases the average tree cost against to the others, and also the average end-to-end propagation delay ofw-CCST algorithm is lower than that of the CCST algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60532030)
文摘A lot of routing algorithms have been proposed for low earth orbit(LEO) satellite IP networks in recent years,but most of them cannot achieve global optimization.The dynamic characters of LEO satellite networks are reflected in two aspects:topology and traffic change.The algorithms mentioned above are "hard routing" which only realize local optimization.A distributed soft routing algorithm combined with multi-agent system(MASSR) is proposed.In MASSR,mobile agents are used to gather routing information actively,and blackboard is introduced to achieve direct information exchange between agents.MASSR provides traffic adaptive routing and tracks the change of LEO satellite network topology.The performance of ant colony optimization(ACO) and MASSR are compared in Iridium constellation,and MASSR presents better end-to-end delay as well as enhanced robustness.
文摘In this paper we have designed an implemented an integrated framework of QoS for Three Level Mobility Model(TLMM),which has been recently proved to be the optimal mobility management solution for next generation wireless IP-based networks.The QoS solution uses a combination of IntServ and DiffServ models incorporated in TLMM architecture.The paper also proposes an effi cient dynamic handover policy that takes care of false handover.Simulation and analytical results have shown that this infrastructure guarantees eff icient QoS handling and scalability among end users.To provide a comparative understanding of the QoS mechanism and signaling load of TLMM we have used TeleMIP(without QoS support) and MIP as alternative mobility management protocols.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development of China (863 Program) (No.2003AA121560)the High Technology Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province (No.BEG2003001).
文摘Active Queue Management (AQM) is an active research area in the Internet community. Random Early Detection (RED) is a typical AQM algorithm, but it is known that it is difficult to configure its parameters and its average queue length is closely related to the load level. This paper proposes an effective fuzzy congestion control algorithm based on fuzzy logic which uses the pre- dominance of fuzzy logic to deal with uncertain events. The main advantage of this new congestion control algorithm is that it discards the packet dropping mechanism of RED, and calculates packet loss according to a preconfigured fuzzy logic by using the queue length and the buffer usage ratio. Theo- retical analysis and Network Simulator (NS) simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves more throughput and more stable queue length than traditional schemes. It really improves a router's ability in network congestion control in IP network.
基金Sponsored by Agency for Singapore Technology and Advance Research(RGM01/16)
文摘In the internet protocol(IP) over multi-granular optical switch network (IP/MG-OXC), the network node is a typical multilayer switch comprising several layers, the IP packet switching (PXC) layer, wavelength switching (WXC) layer and fiber switching (FXC) layer. This network is capable of both IP layer grooming and wavelength grooming in a hierarchical manner. Resource provisioning in the multi-granular network paradigm is called hierarchical grooming problem. An integer linear programming (ILP) model is proposed to formulate the problem. An iterative heuristic approach is developed for solving the problem in large networks. Case study shows that IP/MG-OXC network is much more extendible and can significantly save the overall network cost as compared with IP over wavelength division multiplexing network.
基金jointly supported by Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas studies,Chinathe open fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China(No. 2015GZKF03006)Research Center of Optical Communications Engineering & Technology,Jiangsu Province(No.ZSF0201)
文摘In this work,the impact of hop constraints on the CAPEX of multi-layer IP/MPLS over WSON networks is evaluated under different scenarios. By routing lightpaths with different number of transparent hops,the cost of networks varies significantly. This effect is thoroughly analyzed with a heuristic algorithm for different network topologies belonging to some European network operators. The main conclusion extracted is that limiting the transparent reach in such multi-layer networks can give a good tradeoff between CAPEX of IP/MPLS networks and WSON networks,and even lead to signifi cant savings in CAPEX when compared to longer lightpaths routing strategies.
文摘A novel mechanism was specified by which a node in ad hoc network may autoconfigure an IP address which is unique throughout the mobile ad hoc network. This new algorithm imposes less and constant overhead and delay in obtaining an IP address, and fully utilizes the available addresses space of an ad hoc network, and independent of the existing routing protocol, and less prone to security threats. Moreover, a new Join/Leave mechanism was proposed as an enhancement to the new IP address autoconfiguration algorithm, to support the overall operation of the existing routing protocol of wireless ad hoc networks.
文摘Routing and wavelength assignment for online real-time multicast connection setup is a difficult task due to the dynamic change of availabilities of wavelengths on links and the consideration of wavelength conversion delay in WDM networks. This paper presents a distributed routing and wavelength assignment scheme for the setup of real-time multicast connections. It integrates routing and wavelength assignment as a single process, which greatly reduces the connection setup time. The proposed routing method is based on the Prim’s MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) algorithm and the K-restricted breadth-first search method, which can produce a sub-minimal cost tree under a given delay bound. The wave-length assignment uses the least-conversion and load balancing strategies. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is suitable for online multicast connection establishment in WDM networks.
文摘In this paper, the wavelength-routed WDM network was analyzed for the dynamic case where the arrival of anycast requests was modeled by a state-dependent Poisson process. The equilibrium analysis was also given with the UWNC algorithm.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60972038)the Jiangsu Province Universities Natural Science Research Key Grant Project (07KJA 51006)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory (N200911)Jiangsu Province Graduate Innovative Research Plan (CX09B_149Z)
文摘In this paper,an algorithm Wireless Multimedia Transmission Control(WMTC) is proposed for multimedia transmission control over wired-wireless networks.The relationship between packet length and packet loss rate in the Gilbert wireless error model is investigated.Furthermore,the algorithm can detect the nature of packet losses by sending large and small packets alternately,and control the sending rate of nodes.In addition,by means of updating factor K,this algorithm can adapt to the changes of network states quickly.Compared with previous algorithms,simulation results show that WMTC can both improve the networks throughput of multimedia transmissions and reduce the congestion loss rate in various situations.
文摘In this paper, we contrive a model that underpins the offline Physical Layer Impairment-Routing and Wavelength Assignment (PLI-RWA) issue in translucent networks. We introduce an innovative PLI-Signal Quality Aware RWA (PLI-SQARWA) algorithm that (a) guarantees zero blocking due to signal degradation and wavelength contention and (b) aims at minimizing the total required number of network components i.e. regenerators and all-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs). Further, in view of reducing the time delay due to optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversions, we propose a novel electro-optical hybrid translucent node architecture. We show that PLI-SQARWA outperforms a recent heuristic for RWA and regenerator placement (RP) in terms of capital expenditure (CapEx) and time delay;while demonstrating superior blocking performance at all traffic loads. In addition, at high traffic loads, PLI-SQARWA also starts to provision savings on operational expenditure (OpEx). We proceed to the performance comparison of network equipped with the proposed hybrid node and existing translucent and transparent node architectures. The results clearly show that use of the hybrid node incurs less time delay at a similar blocking performance shown by nodes which use OEO conversion for both, regeneration and/or wavelength conversion. The results presented also highlight the significance of equipping the PLI-RWA routing phase with signal quality awareness in order to reduce the network component count and the use of AOWCs to minimize time delay due to OEO conversions.
文摘In a translucent network scenario, development of an optical control plane (OCP) that is aware of the location and number of available regenerators and all-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs) is of paramount importance. However, current generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) protocol suite does not consider the distribution of regenerator and AOWC availability information to all the network nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel optical control plane (OCP) architecture that 1) disseminates information about network components (i.e. regenerators and AOWCs) to all the network nodes, and 2) evaluates candidate routes which use fewest amounts of network components. Performance of the proposed OCP is compared with a recently proposed hybrid OCP approach in terms of blocking performance, number of deployed components and lightpath establishment setup times. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed OCP approach demonstrates low connection blocking and establishes lightpaths by 1) minimizing the overall network cost owing to the deployment of minimum total number of network components, and 2) demonstrating acceptable lightpath establishment setup times at all traffic loads. Further, the proposed OCP methodology is compatible and suitable for controlling the operations of a novel electro-optical hybrid translucent node which is a latency efficient technology capable of delivering a cost effective implementation suitable for large scale deployment.
文摘For all optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) network based on G.653 fibers, we investigate the quality factor deterioration due to combined nonlinear effects and Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise for system parameters based on ITU-T Recommendation G.692. The investigation: (a) emphasizes on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and four wave mixing (FWM) effects which are the dominant nonlinearities known to limit WDM system performance and (b) accounts for beating between nonlinearities and beating between ASE noise and nonlinearities. Using the proposed model, performance of the worst affected channels due to SRS and FWM is compared and the results indicate that the worst affected channel due to SRS performs better and hence must be preferred for reliable and efficient transmission over the worst affected channel due to FWM. Further, the results suggest that to achieve a desired error rate (quality factor);there exists an optimal value of channel spacing for a given number of channels. The proposed theoretical model is also validated through extensive simulations over Rsoft OptSimTM simulator and the two sets of results are found to match, indicating that the proposed model accurately calculates the quality factor of the all optical WDM network.