Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective f...Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving cognitive function and reducing amyloid-β and tau pathologies as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β pathology by increasing the activity/levels of amyloid-β-degrading enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5's protective roles and mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations,which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired t...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations,which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of life.It has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those patients.Irisin is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an antiinflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD patients.In addition,experimental studies showed that exogenous irisin significantly decreased the inflammatory markers and the histological changes of the intestinal mucosa observed in experimental colitis.Furthermore,irisin produces changes in the diversity of the microbiota.Therefore,endogenous or exogenous irisin,via its anti-inflammatory effects,will improve the health of IBD patients and will limit the barriers to physical activity in patients with IBD.展开更多
In mammals,the timing of physiological,biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian rhythms.To entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus ...In mammals,the timing of physiological,biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian rhythms.To entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to a precise 24-h rhythm,environmental zeitgebers are used by the circadian system.This is done primarily by signals from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract,but other cues like exercise,feeding,temperature,anxiety,and social events have also been shown to act as non-photic zeitgebers.The recently identified myokine irisin is proposed to serve as an entraining non-photic signal of exercise.Irisin is a product of cleavage and modification from its precursor membrane fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)in response to exercise.Apart from well-known peripheral effects,such as inducing the"browning"of white adipocytes,irisin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display the effects on the brain.Experimental data suggest that FNDC5/irisin mediates the positive effects of physical activity on brain functions.In several brain areas,irisin induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).In the master clock,a significant role in gating photic stimuli in the retinohypothalamic synapse for BDNF is suggested.However,the brain receptor for irisin remains unknown.In the current review,the interactions of physical activity and the irisin/BDNF axis with the circadian system are reconceptualized.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT)on preventing significant weight gain and provide scientific theoretical support and practical guidance for reducing the occurrence of ...Objective:To investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT)on preventing significant weight gain and provide scientific theoretical support and practical guidance for reducing the occurrence of obesity.Methods:Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:the control sedentary group(CS),the high-fat sedentary group(HS),the high-fat continuous exercise group(HE),and the high-fat intermittent exercise group(HI).The HE and HI groups underwent five days of continuous low-intensity exercise and eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise.Weekly monitoring included measurements of food intake and body weight.An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to assess blood lipid and glucose levels,while ELISA kits measured serum insulin and irisin content.H&E staining was used to observe adipocyte size.Results:In the HS group,body weight,blood lipid levels,blood glucose levels,and adipocyte size significantly increased,while the QUICKI index decreased.In the HI group,body weight,blood lipid levels,blood glucose levels,and adipocyte size decreased,and the QUICKI index increased.The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise were superior to those of continuous low-intensity exercise.In the HI group,serum irisin levels did not change significantly after exercise,while in the HE group,there was a slight upward trend in irisin levels.Conclusion:A high-fat diet induced abnormal metabolism in rats.HIIT effectively prevents metabolic abnormalities induced by a high-fat diet,and its effects are more pronounced than those of low-intensity exercise.HIIT stimulates the secretion of blood irisin,affecting secretion levels,and may represent a novel mechanism for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.This has important implications for controlling significant weight gain.展开更多
基金supported by Cure Alzheimer’s Fund (to RET and SHC)JPB Foundation (to RET),and R56AG072054 (to SHC)。
文摘Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving cognitive function and reducing amyloid-β and tau pathologies as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β pathology by increasing the activity/levels of amyloid-β-degrading enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5's protective roles and mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations,which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of life.It has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those patients.Irisin is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an antiinflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD patients.In addition,experimental studies showed that exogenous irisin significantly decreased the inflammatory markers and the histological changes of the intestinal mucosa observed in experimental colitis.Furthermore,irisin produces changes in the diversity of the microbiota.Therefore,endogenous or exogenous irisin,via its anti-inflammatory effects,will improve the health of IBD patients and will limit the barriers to physical activity in patients with IBD.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.23-25-00152).
文摘In mammals,the timing of physiological,biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian rhythms.To entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to a precise 24-h rhythm,environmental zeitgebers are used by the circadian system.This is done primarily by signals from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract,but other cues like exercise,feeding,temperature,anxiety,and social events have also been shown to act as non-photic zeitgebers.The recently identified myokine irisin is proposed to serve as an entraining non-photic signal of exercise.Irisin is a product of cleavage and modification from its precursor membrane fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)in response to exercise.Apart from well-known peripheral effects,such as inducing the"browning"of white adipocytes,irisin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display the effects on the brain.Experimental data suggest that FNDC5/irisin mediates the positive effects of physical activity on brain functions.In several brain areas,irisin induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).In the master clock,a significant role in gating photic stimuli in the retinohypothalamic synapse for BDNF is suggested.However,the brain receptor for irisin remains unknown.In the current review,the interactions of physical activity and the irisin/BDNF axis with the circadian system are reconceptualized.
基金2021 Guangdong Province Ordinary University Characteristics Class Project(Natural Science)(Project No.2021ktscx256)2023 Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund Project(Project No.pdjh2023a0896)Guangdong Sports Vocational and Technical College in 2024 University Curriculum Education Demonstration Projects-Sports Training“Course Education”(Project No.2024szsftd01)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT)on preventing significant weight gain and provide scientific theoretical support and practical guidance for reducing the occurrence of obesity.Methods:Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:the control sedentary group(CS),the high-fat sedentary group(HS),the high-fat continuous exercise group(HE),and the high-fat intermittent exercise group(HI).The HE and HI groups underwent five days of continuous low-intensity exercise and eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise.Weekly monitoring included measurements of food intake and body weight.An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to assess blood lipid and glucose levels,while ELISA kits measured serum insulin and irisin content.H&E staining was used to observe adipocyte size.Results:In the HS group,body weight,blood lipid levels,blood glucose levels,and adipocyte size significantly increased,while the QUICKI index decreased.In the HI group,body weight,blood lipid levels,blood glucose levels,and adipocyte size decreased,and the QUICKI index increased.The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise were superior to those of continuous low-intensity exercise.In the HI group,serum irisin levels did not change significantly after exercise,while in the HE group,there was a slight upward trend in irisin levels.Conclusion:A high-fat diet induced abnormal metabolism in rats.HIIT effectively prevents metabolic abnormalities induced by a high-fat diet,and its effects are more pronounced than those of low-intensity exercise.HIIT stimulates the secretion of blood irisin,affecting secretion levels,and may represent a novel mechanism for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.This has important implications for controlling significant weight gain.
文摘目的:探讨早期糖尿病肾病(early diabetic nephropathy,EDN)患者血清神经调节蛋白4(neuregulin4,NRG4)、鸢尾素(Irisin)水平及意义。方法:本研究纳入2022年1月-2022年12月178例糖尿病患者,诊断EDN发生情况,设为EDN组以及非EDN组,分别为26例,152例,并纳入同期入院体检的50名志愿者,设为对照组,比较三组患者血清NRG4、Irisin水平。以是否出现肾功能损伤为因变量,血清NRG4、Irisin水平为自变量进行二元Logistics回归分析,通过受试者工作曲线(receiveroperating characteristic,ROC)分析二者预测早期糖尿病肾病的价值。结果:EDN组血清NRG4、Irisin水平显著低于非EDN组以及对照组,非EDN组血清NRG4、Irisin水平显著低于对照组,(P<0.05);二元Logistics回归分析显示血清NRG4、Irisin水平是EDN的影响因素,二者联合诊断EDN曲线下面积(the are aunder the ROC curve,AUC)较单独诊断更高,敏感性0.91,特异性0.92;NRG4诊断EDN的AUC值、敏感性、特异性均高于Irisin。结论:EDN患者血清Nrg4、Irisin水平较糖尿病患者及正常人群下降,二者与EDN密切相关,联合诊断EDN具有一定的价值。
