The Ironman triathlon is a rapidly growing sporting event worldwide but little research has been found on the psychological processes employed by its participants. The purpose of this study is to discover which mental...The Ironman triathlon is a rapidly growing sporting event worldwide but little research has been found on the psychological processes employed by its participants. The purpose of this study is to discover which mental skills the Ironman participant population is utilizing during training and how these skills are seen to influence accomplishment, or lack of accomplishment of race goals. A purposeful sample of five Ironman participants was interviewed and transcriptions will be analyzed utilizing qualitative analysis. Five main mental skill themes were discovered： （1） preparation, （2） self-efficacy through previous experience, （3） choice of focus, （4） breaking down the race and （5） camaraderie. From these main themes, subthemes were discovered within two of the main themes. In preparation： （1） having a schedule/plan, （2） visualization and （3） being prepared for adversity. In choice of focus： （1） distraction/outside factors, （2） positive thoughts/motivation, （3） outcome/focus on finish, （4） ＂run my race＂/self-focus and （5） calming/relaxation. Additionally, regardless of accomplishment of goal, all five participants showed themes of their mental preparation having a positive influence on their racing. From these themes, research may be conducted to determine the effectiveness of specific mental skills and possible interventions that can be implemented.展开更多
美国《现代轮胎经销商》（www.moderntiredealer.com）2016年11月8日报道：Hercules轮胎和橡胶公司将All Country CHT加入Ironman系列,以扩展该系列轮胎,这是该系列的首款商业公路轮胎。Ironman All Country CHT是一款商业公路牵引花纹...美国《现代轮胎经销商》（www.moderntiredealer.com）2016年11月8日报道：Hercules轮胎和橡胶公司将All Country CHT加入Ironman系列,以扩展该系列轮胎,这是该系列的首款商业公路轮胎。Ironman All Country CHT是一款商业公路牵引花纹轮胎,如图1所示,加入现有All Country的SUV和轻型载重泥地和全地形轮胎阵容。展开更多
Participation in ultra-endurance events has increased in recent years and requires extreme levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Moderate levels of MVPA have been associated with increased brain volum...Participation in ultra-endurance events has increased in recent years and requires extreme levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Moderate levels of MVPA have been associated with increased brain volume but the effects of extreme levels of MVPA on brain volume is unknown.As a result,we sought to compare the brains of those who engage in extremely high levels of MVPA with those who are sedentary using magnetic resonance imaging.We performed whole brain volumetric analyses and voxel-based morphometry on 12 ultraendurance athletes(1078.75±407.86 min of MVPA/week)and 9 sedentary persons(18.0±56.9 min of MVPA/week).Whole-brain analyses revealed that those who participate in ultra-endurance training have increased grey(p<0.0001),white(p=0.031),and total matter volume(p<0.0001),while regional analyses revealed that ultra-endurance athletes have smaller regional grey matter volume in the right primary sensory and motor cortex,inferior and middle frontal gyrus,and left thalamus.Future research is warranted to determine why ultra-endurance athletes have lower regional volumes in these areas despite having overall increased grey and white matter volumes.展开更多
文摘The Ironman triathlon is a rapidly growing sporting event worldwide but little research has been found on the psychological processes employed by its participants. The purpose of this study is to discover which mental skills the Ironman participant population is utilizing during training and how these skills are seen to influence accomplishment, or lack of accomplishment of race goals. A purposeful sample of five Ironman participants was interviewed and transcriptions will be analyzed utilizing qualitative analysis. Five main mental skill themes were discovered： （1） preparation, （2） self-efficacy through previous experience, （3） choice of focus, （4） breaking down the race and （5） camaraderie. From these main themes, subthemes were discovered within two of the main themes. In preparation： （1） having a schedule/plan, （2） visualization and （3） being prepared for adversity. In choice of focus： （1） distraction/outside factors, （2） positive thoughts/motivation, （3） outcome/focus on finish, （4） ＂run my race＂/self-focus and （5） calming/relaxation. Additionally, regardless of accomplishment of goal, all five participants showed themes of their mental preparation having a positive influence on their racing. From these themes, research may be conducted to determine the effectiveness of specific mental skills and possible interventions that can be implemented.
文摘美国《现代轮胎经销商》（www.moderntiredealer.com）2016年11月8日报道：Hercules轮胎和橡胶公司将All Country CHT加入Ironman系列,以扩展该系列轮胎,这是该系列的首款商业公路轮胎。Ironman All Country CHT是一款商业公路牵引花纹轮胎,如图1所示,加入现有All Country的SUV和轻型载重泥地和全地形轮胎阵容。
文摘Participation in ultra-endurance events has increased in recent years and requires extreme levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Moderate levels of MVPA have been associated with increased brain volume but the effects of extreme levels of MVPA on brain volume is unknown.As a result,we sought to compare the brains of those who engage in extremely high levels of MVPA with those who are sedentary using magnetic resonance imaging.We performed whole brain volumetric analyses and voxel-based morphometry on 12 ultraendurance athletes(1078.75±407.86 min of MVPA/week)and 9 sedentary persons(18.0±56.9 min of MVPA/week).Whole-brain analyses revealed that those who participate in ultra-endurance training have increased grey(p<0.0001),white(p=0.031),and total matter volume(p<0.0001),while regional analyses revealed that ultra-endurance athletes have smaller regional grey matter volume in the right primary sensory and motor cortex,inferior and middle frontal gyrus,and left thalamus.Future research is warranted to determine why ultra-endurance athletes have lower regional volumes in these areas despite having overall increased grey and white matter volumes.
