The scientific scene of this century has been dominated by the special and general relativities. In this paper we first recall that these relativities were not conceived for unlimited physical conditions, but solely f...The scientific scene of this century has been dominated by the special and general relativities. In this paper we first recall that these relativities were not conceived for unlimited physical conditions, but solely for exterior problems (motion of point-like test bodies in the homogeneous and isotropic vacuum). We then show that the relativities are inapplicable (rather than violated) for the more general interior problems (motion of extended test bodies within inhomogeneous and anisotropic physical media) on numerous, independent, topological, geometric, analytic and other grounds. We also outline the rather numerous problematic aspects of general relativity for exterior problems in vacuum, while the problematic aspects of the special relativity in vac- uum are treated elsewhere in this volume. We also point our rather serious insufficiencies of the special and general relativities for an effective representation of antimatter, beginning at a classicalwastrophysical level and then continuing at the operator-particle level. The paper ends with a brief outline of the so-called isotopic generalization of the special and general relativities initiated by this author back in 1978 when at Harvard University under support from the U. S. Department of Energy, and subsequently studied by a number of mathematicians, theoreticians and experimentalists. These isotopic studies are presented as an indication of the true scientific renaissance in mathematics, physics, superconductivity and other fields which has been stimulated by the limitations and problematic aspects of the special and general relativities. These studies are coordinated by the Istituto per la Ricerca di Base in Italy. All scholars interested in truly fundamental advances in mathematics, physics, superconductivity and other disciplines are encouraged to participate in this collegial ef- fort.展开更多
Dallol Maouri is one of the fossil valleys on the left bank of the Niger River. Its watershed drains water from valleys in the Tahoua and Dosso regions of Niger. The watercourse is not continuous and has areas of surf...Dallol Maouri is one of the fossil valleys on the left bank of the Niger River. Its watershed drains water from valleys in the Tahoua and Dosso regions of Niger. The watercourse is not continuous and has areas of surface water accumulation (ponds) and areas of spreading and infiltration. The surface water potential in this area is limited, with most of the ponds having a temporary to the semi-permanent regime. Groundwater resources are, therefore, the main sources of withdrawal for human food, agriculture, and livestock. Climate change through the variation in rainfall, the often-anarchic multiplication of catchment works (wells and boreholes) and agricultural activities can have impacts on the qualitative and quantitative evolution of surface and groundwater. The objective of this study is to characterize the surface and underground water of the upper dallol Maouri through the physicochemical parameters of the water and the use of the isotopes of the water molecule (<sup>18</sup>O, <sup>2</sup>H and <sup>3</sup>H). A total of 53 water samples were analyzed at the laboratory of the Regional Directorate of Hydraulics and Sanitation of Tillabéri (Niger) for chemical parameters and 73 samples were analyzed at the Radio Analysis and Environment Laboratory (LRAE) of the National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS) of Tunis for isotopy. The water of the ponds is characterized by three types of facies: calcium bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium bicarbonate, and calcium nitrate chloride. The groundwater is 75% of the chloride-nitrate-calcium facies and the CT3/CT2 groundwater is calcium and magnesium bicarbonate. The results of the stable isotopes made it possible to highlight the presence of four distinct water groups: ponds characterized by highly evaporated water, the sheets of Continental Terminal 1 and 2 (CT1 and CT2) with an isotopic cachet of old water, the water table consisting of a two-layer system in the southwestern part of the area. The water is not very mineralized (40 μS to 600 μS) and is slightly acidic (pH = 6.4). The analysis of the radioactive isotope (<sup>3</sup>H) content of the water from the water table has made it possible to identify the areas of recharge of the water table. These results also highlight: the presence of an upward drainage zone, and the contribution of lowland ponds to the recharge of alluvial aquifers ranging from 24% to 84%. No structure in this zone reaches the Continental Intercalaire and the Continental Hamadien, the depth of which is estimated at an average of 600 m. The relationship between the <sup>18</sup>O and <sup>3</sup>H contents of groundwater water shows two types of water with tritium contents higher than 2 TU for alluvial aquifers and tritium contents lower than 2 TU for groundwater (CT3). The analysis of the radioactive isotope (<sup>3</sup>H) contents of the groundwater has made it possible to identify recent recharges at the level of the alluvial aquifers and in the outcrop zone of CT3. There is no hydraulic continuity between the plateau ponds and groundwater.展开更多
Studi precedenti hanno permesso di definite l’esistenza di una retazione diretta e quantita-tiva che lega la composizione isotopica dell’ossigeno (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O) nel fosfato d...Studi precedenti hanno permesso di definite l’esistenza di una retazione diretta e quantita-tiva che lega la composizione isotopica dell’ossigeno (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O) nel fosfato delle ossa di diverse speciedi mammiferi con la temperatura media annua al suolo delle località di provenienza di tali animali.Potendo applicare tale relazione a campioni di mammiferi vissuti in età preistorica risulta evidente lapossibilità di compiere studi di tipo paleoclimatico e paleoidrologico. Si presentano i risuhati ottenuti da campioni provenienti da alcuni siti preistorici della Pianura Pada-na e dal villaggio di Fossacesia Marina sulla costa Adriatica. I dati isotopici si accordano bene con le informazioni sulla situazione climatica durante l’Atlanticoottenute con altre metodologie di studio; eventuali variazioni e fluttuazioni locali vengono discusse.Oxygen isotopes as climatic indicators. Some experimental data. Oxygen isotope composi-tion (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O) of bone phosphate from different mammal species coming from some prehistoric sitesof the Po Valley and from the Neolithic village of Fossacesia Marina （CH） have been carried on. Previousstudies have demonstrated the existence of a direct, quantitative relationship between oxygen isotopiccomposition of bone phosphate and mean annual temperature. The existence of such relationship allowsto study the ancient environment and climate. The trend of climate, during prehistoric periods, agrees well with the data obtained from other me-thodology of study; some fluctuations of climate in the studied sites are also discussed.展开更多
Let G be a group and H be a subgroup of G which is either finite or of finite index in G. In this paper, we give some characterizations for the normality of H in G. As a consequence we get a very short and elementary ...Let G be a group and H be a subgroup of G which is either finite or of finite index in G. In this paper, we give some characterizations for the normality of H in G. As a consequence we get a very short and elementary proof of the main theorem of a paper of Lal and Shukla, which avoids the use of the classification of finite simple groups. Further, we study the isotopy between the transversals in some groups and determine the number of isotopy classes of transversals of a subgroup of order 2 in D2p, the dihedral group of order 2p, where p is an odd prime and the isotopism classes are formed with respect to induced right loop structures.展开更多
芬兰音乐学家埃罗·塔拉斯蒂(Eero Tarasti,1948-)是当今符号学及音乐符号学的领军人物,自2004年以来任国际符号学研究协会主席。他发表了大量音乐符号学研究专著和论文,如《音乐符号》(1)《音乐符号学理论》(2)等。文章是他主编的...芬兰音乐学家埃罗·塔拉斯蒂(Eero Tarasti,1948-)是当今符号学及音乐符号学的领军人物,自2004年以来任国际符号学研究协会主席。他发表了大量音乐符号学研究专著和论文,如《音乐符号》(1)《音乐符号学理论》(2)等。文章是他主编的《音乐符号学在成长》(Musical Semiotics in Growth,Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1996)一书的开篇论文,论及音乐符号学的基本概念,及其与传统音乐学研究方法的异同。经作者本人同意,译者将它译成中文,以期为我国音乐学者和音乐学系学生提供一篇导论,普及一些音乐符号学的基本知识。展开更多
文摘The scientific scene of this century has been dominated by the special and general relativities. In this paper we first recall that these relativities were not conceived for unlimited physical conditions, but solely for exterior problems (motion of point-like test bodies in the homogeneous and isotropic vacuum). We then show that the relativities are inapplicable (rather than violated) for the more general interior problems (motion of extended test bodies within inhomogeneous and anisotropic physical media) on numerous, independent, topological, geometric, analytic and other grounds. We also outline the rather numerous problematic aspects of general relativity for exterior problems in vacuum, while the problematic aspects of the special relativity in vac- uum are treated elsewhere in this volume. We also point our rather serious insufficiencies of the special and general relativities for an effective representation of antimatter, beginning at a classicalwastrophysical level and then continuing at the operator-particle level. The paper ends with a brief outline of the so-called isotopic generalization of the special and general relativities initiated by this author back in 1978 when at Harvard University under support from the U. S. Department of Energy, and subsequently studied by a number of mathematicians, theoreticians and experimentalists. These isotopic studies are presented as an indication of the true scientific renaissance in mathematics, physics, superconductivity and other fields which has been stimulated by the limitations and problematic aspects of the special and general relativities. These studies are coordinated by the Istituto per la Ricerca di Base in Italy. All scholars interested in truly fundamental advances in mathematics, physics, superconductivity and other disciplines are encouraged to participate in this collegial ef- fort.
文摘Dallol Maouri is one of the fossil valleys on the left bank of the Niger River. Its watershed drains water from valleys in the Tahoua and Dosso regions of Niger. The watercourse is not continuous and has areas of surface water accumulation (ponds) and areas of spreading and infiltration. The surface water potential in this area is limited, with most of the ponds having a temporary to the semi-permanent regime. Groundwater resources are, therefore, the main sources of withdrawal for human food, agriculture, and livestock. Climate change through the variation in rainfall, the often-anarchic multiplication of catchment works (wells and boreholes) and agricultural activities can have impacts on the qualitative and quantitative evolution of surface and groundwater. The objective of this study is to characterize the surface and underground water of the upper dallol Maouri through the physicochemical parameters of the water and the use of the isotopes of the water molecule (<sup>18</sup>O, <sup>2</sup>H and <sup>3</sup>H). A total of 53 water samples were analyzed at the laboratory of the Regional Directorate of Hydraulics and Sanitation of Tillabéri (Niger) for chemical parameters and 73 samples were analyzed at the Radio Analysis and Environment Laboratory (LRAE) of the National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS) of Tunis for isotopy. The water of the ponds is characterized by three types of facies: calcium bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium bicarbonate, and calcium nitrate chloride. The groundwater is 75% of the chloride-nitrate-calcium facies and the CT3/CT2 groundwater is calcium and magnesium bicarbonate. The results of the stable isotopes made it possible to highlight the presence of four distinct water groups: ponds characterized by highly evaporated water, the sheets of Continental Terminal 1 and 2 (CT1 and CT2) with an isotopic cachet of old water, the water table consisting of a two-layer system in the southwestern part of the area. The water is not very mineralized (40 μS to 600 μS) and is slightly acidic (pH = 6.4). The analysis of the radioactive isotope (<sup>3</sup>H) content of the water from the water table has made it possible to identify the areas of recharge of the water table. These results also highlight: the presence of an upward drainage zone, and the contribution of lowland ponds to the recharge of alluvial aquifers ranging from 24% to 84%. No structure in this zone reaches the Continental Intercalaire and the Continental Hamadien, the depth of which is estimated at an average of 600 m. The relationship between the <sup>18</sup>O and <sup>3</sup>H contents of groundwater water shows two types of water with tritium contents higher than 2 TU for alluvial aquifers and tritium contents lower than 2 TU for groundwater (CT3). The analysis of the radioactive isotope (<sup>3</sup>H) contents of the groundwater has made it possible to identify recent recharges at the level of the alluvial aquifers and in the outcrop zone of CT3. There is no hydraulic continuity between the plateau ponds and groundwater.
文摘Studi precedenti hanno permesso di definite l’esistenza di una retazione diretta e quantita-tiva che lega la composizione isotopica dell’ossigeno (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O) nel fosfato delle ossa di diverse speciedi mammiferi con la temperatura media annua al suolo delle località di provenienza di tali animali.Potendo applicare tale relazione a campioni di mammiferi vissuti in età preistorica risulta evidente lapossibilità di compiere studi di tipo paleoclimatico e paleoidrologico. Si presentano i risuhati ottenuti da campioni provenienti da alcuni siti preistorici della Pianura Pada-na e dal villaggio di Fossacesia Marina sulla costa Adriatica. I dati isotopici si accordano bene con le informazioni sulla situazione climatica durante l’Atlanticoottenute con altre metodologie di studio; eventuali variazioni e fluttuazioni locali vengono discusse.Oxygen isotopes as climatic indicators. Some experimental data. Oxygen isotope composi-tion (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O) of bone phosphate from different mammal species coming from some prehistoric sitesof the Po Valley and from the Neolithic village of Fossacesia Marina （CH） have been carried on. Previousstudies have demonstrated the existence of a direct, quantitative relationship between oxygen isotopiccomposition of bone phosphate and mean annual temperature. The existence of such relationship allowsto study the ancient environment and climate. The trend of climate, during prehistoric periods, agrees well with the data obtained from other me-thodology of study; some fluctuations of climate in the studied sites are also discussed.
文摘Let G be a group and H be a subgroup of G which is either finite or of finite index in G. In this paper, we give some characterizations for the normality of H in G. As a consequence we get a very short and elementary proof of the main theorem of a paper of Lal and Shukla, which avoids the use of the classification of finite simple groups. Further, we study the isotopy between the transversals in some groups and determine the number of isotopy classes of transversals of a subgroup of order 2 in D2p, the dihedral group of order 2p, where p is an odd prime and the isotopism classes are formed with respect to induced right loop structures.
文摘芬兰音乐学家埃罗·塔拉斯蒂(Eero Tarasti,1948-)是当今符号学及音乐符号学的领军人物,自2004年以来任国际符号学研究协会主席。他发表了大量音乐符号学研究专著和论文,如《音乐符号》(1)《音乐符号学理论》(2)等。文章是他主编的《音乐符号学在成长》(Musical Semiotics in Growth,Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1996)一书的开篇论文,论及音乐符号学的基本概念,及其与传统音乐学研究方法的异同。经作者本人同意,译者将它译成中文,以期为我国音乐学者和音乐学系学生提供一篇导论,普及一些音乐符号学的基本知识。
