Plant-parasitic nematodes are very common on cereal crops and cause economic losses via reduction in grain quality and quantity. During 2014, 83 soil samples were collected from wheat and barley fields in 21 districts...Plant-parasitic nematodes are very common on cereal crops and cause economic losses via reduction in grain quality and quantity. During 2014, 83 soil samples were collected from wheat and barley fields in 21 districts of 13 provinces across five regions （CentralAnatolia, Marmara, Aegean, SoutheastAnatolia, and Black Sea Region） of Turkey. Cyst-forming nematodes were found in 66 samples （80%）, and the internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequencing and species-specific PCR identified the species in 64 samples as Heterodera filipjevi, Heterodera latipons, and Heterodera avenae. The predominant patho- genic cereal cyst nematode was H. filipjevi, which was found in all five regions surveyed. H. avenae was only detected in Southeast Anatolia whereas H. latipons was detected in Southeast Anatolia and Central Anatolia. ITS-rDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that H. avenae isolates from China clustered with H. australis, and Turkish isolates were closely related to European and USA isolates of this species. H. filipjevi from Turkey and China were clustered closely with those from the UK, Germany, Russia, and the USA. The density of many of these populations exceeded 6r approached the maximum threshold level for economic loss. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. filipjevi in Diyarbakir, Edirne, and Kutahya provinces, and the first report of H. avenae in DiyarbakJr Province. These results exhibit the most rigorous analysis to date on the occurrence and distribution of Heterodera spp. in Turkey＇s major wheat-producing areas, thus providing a basis for more specific resistance breeding, as well as other management practices.展开更多
Brown rots of Red Fuji apples were observed in Hangzhou city (Zhengjiang Province, China). The causal agent was isolated and identified in both morphological and molecular genetic levels. The phenotype and phylogeneti...Brown rots of Red Fuji apples were observed in Hangzhou city (Zhengjiang Province, China). The causal agent was isolated and identified in both morphological and molecular genetic levels. The phenotype and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate was </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Diaporthe phaseolorum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">caulivora</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and its pathogenicity on apple fruit was confirmed by re-inoculation experiment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">D. phaseolorum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">caulivora</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> causing postharvest fruit rot on apple in China.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201503114 and 200903040)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2013CB127502)
文摘Plant-parasitic nematodes are very common on cereal crops and cause economic losses via reduction in grain quality and quantity. During 2014, 83 soil samples were collected from wheat and barley fields in 21 districts of 13 provinces across five regions （CentralAnatolia, Marmara, Aegean, SoutheastAnatolia, and Black Sea Region） of Turkey. Cyst-forming nematodes were found in 66 samples （80%）, and the internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequencing and species-specific PCR identified the species in 64 samples as Heterodera filipjevi, Heterodera latipons, and Heterodera avenae. The predominant patho- genic cereal cyst nematode was H. filipjevi, which was found in all five regions surveyed. H. avenae was only detected in Southeast Anatolia whereas H. latipons was detected in Southeast Anatolia and Central Anatolia. ITS-rDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that H. avenae isolates from China clustered with H. australis, and Turkish isolates were closely related to European and USA isolates of this species. H. filipjevi from Turkey and China were clustered closely with those from the UK, Germany, Russia, and the USA. The density of many of these populations exceeded 6r approached the maximum threshold level for economic loss. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. filipjevi in Diyarbakir, Edirne, and Kutahya provinces, and the first report of H. avenae in DiyarbakJr Province. These results exhibit the most rigorous analysis to date on the occurrence and distribution of Heterodera spp. in Turkey＇s major wheat-producing areas, thus providing a basis for more specific resistance breeding, as well as other management practices.
文摘Brown rots of Red Fuji apples were observed in Hangzhou city (Zhengjiang Province, China). The causal agent was isolated and identified in both morphological and molecular genetic levels. The phenotype and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate was </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Diaporthe phaseolorum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">caulivora</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and its pathogenicity on apple fruit was confirmed by re-inoculation experiment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">D. phaseolorum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> var. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">caulivora</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> causing postharvest fruit rot on apple in China.
