Plants classified as Near Threatened(NT) are at high risk of becoming threatened because of anthropogenic interference and climate change.Especially in conservation efforts,such species have however long been overlook...Plants classified as Near Threatened(NT) are at high risk of becoming threatened because of anthropogenic interference and climate change.Especially in conservation efforts,such species have however long been overlooked.Here,we obtained 98,419 precise occurrence points for 2442 NT plants in China,and used species richness,species complementarity,and weighted endemism that consider all,endemic and narrow-ranged species in order to identify the diversity hotspots of NT plants.Then we evaluated the conservation effectiveness of current nature reserves for them.Our results indicate that the diversity hotspots of NT plants were mainly confined to southwestern and southern China,and only 35.87% of hotspots and 71.5% of species were protected by nature reserves.Numerous hotspots in southwestern China(e.g.,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guangxi,and Hainan) were identified as conservation gaps.Given that NT plants include large proportions of endemic and narrow-ranged species,they represent an important value in conservation priority.So,more conservation efforts in the future should be tilted towards NT plants.Additionally,when comparing with the recently updated NT list,there are already 87 species raised to threatened categories,while 328 species were lowered to least concern,56 species were now categorized as data deficient,and 119 species considered as uncertain due to changes of scientific names.It is essential to carry out a continuous assessment of species’ threatened categories to realize targeting conservation.展开更多
Rosa arabica Crép.is a perennial shrub belonging to the family Rosaceae.It is endemic to the high mountain area of St.Catherine Protected Area(SCPA)in southern Sinai,Egypt,and is listed as one of the most 100 thr...Rosa arabica Crép.is a perennial shrub belonging to the family Rosaceae.It is endemic to the high mountain area of St.Catherine Protected Area(SCPA)in southern Sinai,Egypt,and is listed as one of the most 100 threatened plants in the world.Recently,it has been listed as critically endangered by IUCN Red List due to its small extent of occurrence and tiny population size.We reported the continuous decline in habitat quality for this species and the urgent need to carry out on-ground conservation actions.So,this research aims to conserve Rosa arabica through in situ practices by implementing the following steps,respectively:a)evaluate the current conservation status through IUCN Red List to extract the environmental factors controlling the species’distribution necessary for establishing the recovery program,b)determine the potential species habitat suitability under the current climate conditions using Maxent,and c)based on the previous two steps,the translocation process for R.arabica in the suitable habitat will be done after the simple layering process as one of the most effective traditional vegetative methods for wild cultivation for this species.These steps aimed to reduce the impact of threats and the risk of extinction through increasing the population size,the Extent of Occurrence(EOO),and the Area of Occupancy(AOO).We extracted the environmental factors controlling the target species’distribution and habitat suitability range using the IUCN Red List assessment and Species Distribution Model(SDM).The most suitable habitat for R.arabica is predicted in the middle northern parts of SCPA,with the highest suitability in the High Mountains.Precipitation of driest quarter,precipitation of wettest month,precipitation of coldest quarter,and aspect are the highest mean contributors determining the distribution of R.arabica in SCPA.Rosa arabica potential distribution covers 324.4 km^(2)(7.46%)of the total SCPA area(4350 km^(2)).This area is divided into:18.1 km^(2)high probability,124.3 km^(2)moderate probability,and 182 km^(2)low probability.After one year of the simple layering process,ten branches rooted and were translocated into three sites that had been previously identified to cover three habitat suitability ranges(high,moderate,and low suitability).After a year of translocation in the wild,the survival rate ranged from 66%to 100%,the geographical range increased by 65%,and the population size by 6.8%.Therefore,if the new individuals continue to grow and adapt it may lead to the expansion of other environmental factors such as climatic and topographical factors that probably increase the resilience of the global population of the species to adverse events.Detailed information is provided in this research about the recovery program,from planning to implementation and monitoring,and recommendations for best practices.展开更多
We identified 67 and 21 NTFP-yielding plant and animal species, respectively, in a reserve forest in Cachar district of Assam. We recorded globally threatened species listed by IUCN as Critically Endangered （plant sp...We identified 67 and 21 NTFP-yielding plant and animal species, respectively, in a reserve forest in Cachar district of Assam. We recorded globally threatened species listed by IUCN as Critically Endangered （plant species Dipterocarpus turbinatus）, Vulnerable （plant species Aquillaria malaccensis）, Endangered （animal species Hoolock hoolock, Indotestudo elongata and Manis pentadactyla）, and Vulnerable （animal species Nilssonia hurum and Rusa unicolor）. The whole plant or animal and/or their various parts were used as food or medicine, in house construction, magico-religious activities and others. While some NTFPs were harvested throughout the year, others were harvested seasonally. A comprehensive NTFP policy, along with scientific measures for regen- eration, restoration and augmentation of NTFP-yielding plants and animals, would help in addressing the conflicting demands of conservation and livelihood in the forests of this area.展开更多
Some plants of Hebei Province in China are under threat from human activities,such as over-herding and over-exploitation of wild medicinal plants and industrial plants,etc.To identify the plants in danger in the provi...Some plants of Hebei Province in China are under threat from human activities,such as over-herding and over-exploitation of wild medicinal plants and industrial plants,etc.To identify the plants in danger in the province and to inspect the quality of the environment encompassing Beijing and Tianjin,a red list of the threatened flora of Hebei Province was produced by using the IUCN Red List Criteria(version 3.1)and its guidelines(version 6.2).Some 262 species were assessed and the results were as follows:(1)the threatened flora include 211 species,accounting for 7.95%of the total native vascular plants.Among them,44 are Critically Endangered,80 Endangered and 87 Vulnerable;(2)the destruction of the habitat caused by human activities and the actual or potential exploitation of the plants themselves were the main threat factors of Hebei flora;(3)most of the threatened plants are located in the western,northern and northeastern mountainous regions,namely the key regions of Hebei plant diversity;the endemic and regionally endemic species are severely threatened.Consequently,the assessment not only presented the threatened status of Hebei flora but also indicated the relatively fragile health status of the environment of Beijing and Tianjin.Thus,it is suggested that the application of the IUCN Red List Criteria at the regional level,as an index,could reflect the health status of the local ecosystem.In addition,more concrete measures are needed to conserve the plant diversity and the natural ecosystem of Hebei Province and even the whole region encompassing Beijing and Tianjin.展开更多
The first comprehensive evaluation of more than 10000 species in China based on the IUCN Red List Criteria and Regional Guidelines is complete.More than 100 experts have been involved in this evaluation,which covers a...The first comprehensive evaluation of more than 10000 species in China based on the IUCN Red List Criteria and Regional Guidelines is complete.More than 100 experts have been involved in this evaluation,which covers a wide range of species,including invertebrates,vertebrates,gymnosperms and angiosperms.The present paper summa-rizes the major conclusions of the project.The number of threatened species in China was found to be much high than previously expected.In the past,the estimated percentages of species in each phylum that were endangered was 2-30%.In this comprehensive evaluation,the percentages of threatened species were found to be 7.4-100%.Compared with the status of threatened species worldwide(IUCN Red List 2006),groups such as fish,mammals and gymno-sperms face much higher levels of threat in China then they do globally,and other groups,such as crustaceans,reptiles and birds,face lower levels of threat.Given the dire conclusions of this study,we recommend that more research be done on the threats faced by those groups of organisms that are most threatened.展开更多
This study provides an updated picture of mammal invasions in Europe,based on detailed analysis of information on introductions occurring from the Neolithic to recent times.The assessment considered all information on...This study provides an updated picture of mammal invasions in Europe,based on detailed analysis of information on introductions occurring from the Neolithic to recent times.The assessment considered all information on species introductions,known extinctions and successful eradication campaigns,to reconstruct a trend of alien mammals’establishment in the region.Through a comparative analysis of the data on introduction,with the information on the impact of alien mammals on native and threatened species of Europe,the present study also provides an objective assessment of the overall impact of mammal introductions on European biodiversity,including information on impact mechanisms.The results of this assessment confirm the constant increase of mammal invasions in Europe,with no indication of a reduction of the rate of introduction.The study also confirms the severe impact of alien mammals,which directly threaten a significant number of native species,including many highly threatened species.The results could help to prioritize species for response,as required by international conventions and obligations.展开更多
依据中国哺乳类野生种群与生境现状,我们利用IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria(Version 3.1),Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria和Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regio...依据中国哺乳类野生种群与生境现状,我们利用IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria(Version 3.1),Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria和Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels(Version 4.0),评价了中国所有已知的673种哺乳动物的濒危状况。本次评估了71种《IUCN濒危物种红色名录(2015)》没有评估的哺乳动物,还评估了60种《IUCN濒危物种红色名录(2015)》误认为中国没有分布的哺乳动物。发现中国有3种哺乳动物"野外灭绝",3种"区域灭绝"。受威胁中国哺乳动物共计178种,约占评估物种总数的26.4%,高于IUCN濒危物种红色名录的物种平均受威胁率(21.8%)。中国哺乳动物1/4的特有种属于受威胁物种。受威胁比例最高的目是灵长目、食肉目与鲸偶蹄目。多数省区的受威胁哺乳动物物种占本省区哺乳动物总数的20–30%。中国哺乳动物种类多分布在中国第二级地理阶梯。生活在高海拔地区的哺乳动物虽然种类少,但是受威胁哺乳动物的种类比例高。过度利用、生境丧失和人类干扰名列受威胁哺乳动物致危因子的前3位。自从1989年《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》实施以来,一些中国濒危哺乳动物的生存状况得到了改善。然而,鉴于中国哺乳动物区系的独特性和多样性,以及中国地形地貌的复杂性,如何拯救这些濒危物种仍是中国生物多样性保护的一项艰巨任务。展开更多
为了解中国现存石松类和蕨类植物的灭绝风险,我们按照IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria(Version3.1)首次开展了国家水平上的红色名录评估。三人评估小组通过查阅文献、标本以及向其他30位中国蕨类同行征询物种信息等途径,历经16...为了解中国现存石松类和蕨类植物的灭绝风险,我们按照IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria(Version3.1)首次开展了国家水平上的红色名录评估。三人评估小组通过查阅文献、标本以及向其他30位中国蕨类同行征询物种信息等途径,历经16个月的时间完成了此次评估。经统计,中国目前所知的石松类和蕨类植物共计2,244种(包括亚种和变种,但不包括变型和杂交种)。评估结果为:极危(CR)43种(其中6种可能已经灭绝)、濒危(EN)68种、易危(VU)71种、近危(NT)66种、无危(LC)1,124种、数据缺乏(DD)872种。受威胁种类(包括VU、EN、CR)共计182种,其中79种为中国特有或准特有种。特有而又极度濒危的植物有24种,分别是梅山铁线蕨(Adiantum meishanianum)、荷叶铁线蕨(A.nelumboides)、秦氏莲座蕨(Angiopteris chingii)、壮乡铁角蕨(Asplenium cornutissimum)、海南实蕨(Bolbitis hainanensis)、直叶金发石杉(Huperzia quasipolytrichoides var.rectifolia)、东方水韭(Iso?tes orientalis)、台湾水韭(I.taiwanensis)、云贵水韭(I.yunguiensis)、台湾曲轴蕨(Paesia taiwanensis)、海南金星蕨(Parathelypteris subimmersa)、基羽鞭叶耳蕨(Polystichum basipinnatum)、洞生耳蕨(P.cavernicola)、微小耳蕨(P.minutissimum)、倒披针耳蕨(P.oblanceolatum)、岩穴耳蕨(P.speluncicola)、长柄新月蕨(Pronephrium longipetiolatum)、尾羽假毛蕨(Pseudocyclosorus caudipinnus)、罗浮牙蕨(Pteridrys lofouensis)、细叶凤尾蕨(Pteris angustipinna)、十字假瘤蕨(Selliguea cruciformis)、黑柄叉蕨(Tectaria ebenina)、河口叉蕨(T.hekouensis)和冈本氏岩蕨(Woodsia okamotoi),它们应予以最优先保护。目前的红色名录只是一个初步评估结果,若要得到一份更完整更准确的红色名录,我们还需要做进一步的信息收集和评估工作,特别要加强中国石松类和蕨类植物的分类学研究。今后评估工作中应重点关注的类群主要有莲座蕨属(Angiopteris)、铁角蕨属(Asplenium)、蹄盖蕨属(Athyrium)、对囊蕨属(Deparia)、鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris)、石杉属(Huperzia)、耳蕨属(Polystichum)、凤尾蕨属(Pteris)、卷柏属(Selaginella)、水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)和金星蕨科(Thelypteridaceae),这些类群的物种分布与生存信息目前最为缺乏。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071654)The Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China (2019HJ2096001006)Biodiversity Survey,Observation and Assessment Program of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China (8-3-7-20-9)
文摘Plants classified as Near Threatened(NT) are at high risk of becoming threatened because of anthropogenic interference and climate change.Especially in conservation efforts,such species have however long been overlooked.Here,we obtained 98,419 precise occurrence points for 2442 NT plants in China,and used species richness,species complementarity,and weighted endemism that consider all,endemic and narrow-ranged species in order to identify the diversity hotspots of NT plants.Then we evaluated the conservation effectiveness of current nature reserves for them.Our results indicate that the diversity hotspots of NT plants were mainly confined to southwestern and southern China,and only 35.87% of hotspots and 71.5% of species were protected by nature reserves.Numerous hotspots in southwestern China(e.g.,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guangxi,and Hainan) were identified as conservation gaps.Given that NT plants include large proportions of endemic and narrow-ranged species,they represent an important value in conservation priority.So,more conservation efforts in the future should be tilted towards NT plants.Additionally,when comparing with the recently updated NT list,there are already 87 species raised to threatened categories,while 328 species were lowered to least concern,56 species were now categorized as data deficient,and 119 species considered as uncertain due to changes of scientific names.It is essential to carry out a continuous assessment of species’ threatened categories to realize targeting conservation.
基金the Rufford Foundation for their financial support。
文摘Rosa arabica Crép.is a perennial shrub belonging to the family Rosaceae.It is endemic to the high mountain area of St.Catherine Protected Area(SCPA)in southern Sinai,Egypt,and is listed as one of the most 100 threatened plants in the world.Recently,it has been listed as critically endangered by IUCN Red List due to its small extent of occurrence and tiny population size.We reported the continuous decline in habitat quality for this species and the urgent need to carry out on-ground conservation actions.So,this research aims to conserve Rosa arabica through in situ practices by implementing the following steps,respectively:a)evaluate the current conservation status through IUCN Red List to extract the environmental factors controlling the species’distribution necessary for establishing the recovery program,b)determine the potential species habitat suitability under the current climate conditions using Maxent,and c)based on the previous two steps,the translocation process for R.arabica in the suitable habitat will be done after the simple layering process as one of the most effective traditional vegetative methods for wild cultivation for this species.These steps aimed to reduce the impact of threats and the risk of extinction through increasing the population size,the Extent of Occurrence(EOO),and the Area of Occupancy(AOO).We extracted the environmental factors controlling the target species’distribution and habitat suitability range using the IUCN Red List assessment and Species Distribution Model(SDM).The most suitable habitat for R.arabica is predicted in the middle northern parts of SCPA,with the highest suitability in the High Mountains.Precipitation of driest quarter,precipitation of wettest month,precipitation of coldest quarter,and aspect are the highest mean contributors determining the distribution of R.arabica in SCPA.Rosa arabica potential distribution covers 324.4 km^(2)(7.46%)of the total SCPA area(4350 km^(2)).This area is divided into:18.1 km^(2)high probability,124.3 km^(2)moderate probability,and 182 km^(2)low probability.After one year of the simple layering process,ten branches rooted and were translocated into three sites that had been previously identified to cover three habitat suitability ranges(high,moderate,and low suitability).After a year of translocation in the wild,the survival rate ranged from 66%to 100%,the geographical range increased by 65%,and the population size by 6.8%.Therefore,if the new individuals continue to grow and adapt it may lead to the expansion of other environmental factors such as climatic and topographical factors that probably increase the resilience of the global population of the species to adverse events.Detailed information is provided in this research about the recovery program,from planning to implementation and monitoring,and recommendations for best practices.
文摘We identified 67 and 21 NTFP-yielding plant and animal species, respectively, in a reserve forest in Cachar district of Assam. We recorded globally threatened species listed by IUCN as Critically Endangered （plant species Dipterocarpus turbinatus）, Vulnerable （plant species Aquillaria malaccensis）, Endangered （animal species Hoolock hoolock, Indotestudo elongata and Manis pentadactyla）, and Vulnerable （animal species Nilssonia hurum and Rusa unicolor）. The whole plant or animal and/or their various parts were used as food or medicine, in house construction, magico-religious activities and others. While some NTFPs were harvested throughout the year, others were harvested seasonally. A comprehensive NTFP policy, along with scientific measures for regen- eration, restoration and augmentation of NTFP-yielding plants and animals, would help in addressing the conflicting demands of conservation and livelihood in the forests of this area.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China (No.C2006000147)the national Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30670152)。
文摘Some plants of Hebei Province in China are under threat from human activities,such as over-herding and over-exploitation of wild medicinal plants and industrial plants,etc.To identify the plants in danger in the province and to inspect the quality of the environment encompassing Beijing and Tianjin,a red list of the threatened flora of Hebei Province was produced by using the IUCN Red List Criteria(version 3.1)and its guidelines(version 6.2).Some 262 species were assessed and the results were as follows:(1)the threatened flora include 211 species,accounting for 7.95%of the total native vascular plants.Among them,44 are Critically Endangered,80 Endangered and 87 Vulnerable;(2)the destruction of the habitat caused by human activities and the actual or potential exploitation of the plants themselves were the main threat factors of Hebei flora;(3)most of the threatened plants are located in the western,northern and northeastern mountainous regions,namely the key regions of Hebei plant diversity;the endemic and regionally endemic species are severely threatened.Consequently,the assessment not only presented the threatened status of Hebei flora but also indicated the relatively fragile health status of the environment of Beijing and Tianjin.Thus,it is suggested that the application of the IUCN Red List Criteria at the regional level,as an index,could reflect the health status of the local ecosystem.In addition,more concrete measures are needed to conserve the plant diversity and the natural ecosystem of Hebei Province and even the whole region encompassing Beijing and Tianjin.
文摘The first comprehensive evaluation of more than 10000 species in China based on the IUCN Red List Criteria and Regional Guidelines is complete.More than 100 experts have been involved in this evaluation,which covers a wide range of species,including invertebrates,vertebrates,gymnosperms and angiosperms.The present paper summa-rizes the major conclusions of the project.The number of threatened species in China was found to be much high than previously expected.In the past,the estimated percentages of species in each phylum that were endangered was 2-30%.In this comprehensive evaluation,the percentages of threatened species were found to be 7.4-100%.Compared with the status of threatened species worldwide(IUCN Red List 2006),groups such as fish,mammals and gymno-sperms face much higher levels of threat in China then they do globally,and other groups,such as crustaceans,reptiles and birds,face lower levels of threat.Given the dire conclusions of this study,we recommend that more research be done on the threats faced by those groups of organisms that are most threatened.
基金partly funded through the US voluntary contribution to IUCNa program co-funded by the European Commission within the 6th Research Framework Programme.
文摘This study provides an updated picture of mammal invasions in Europe,based on detailed analysis of information on introductions occurring from the Neolithic to recent times.The assessment considered all information on species introductions,known extinctions and successful eradication campaigns,to reconstruct a trend of alien mammals’establishment in the region.Through a comparative analysis of the data on introduction,with the information on the impact of alien mammals on native and threatened species of Europe,the present study also provides an objective assessment of the overall impact of mammal introductions on European biodiversity,including information on impact mechanisms.The results of this assessment confirm the constant increase of mammal invasions in Europe,with no indication of a reduction of the rate of introduction.The study also confirms the severe impact of alien mammals,which directly threaten a significant number of native species,including many highly threatened species.The results could help to prioritize species for response,as required by international conventions and obligations.
文摘依据中国哺乳类野生种群与生境现状,我们利用IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria(Version 3.1),Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria和Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels(Version 4.0),评价了中国所有已知的673种哺乳动物的濒危状况。本次评估了71种《IUCN濒危物种红色名录(2015)》没有评估的哺乳动物,还评估了60种《IUCN濒危物种红色名录(2015)》误认为中国没有分布的哺乳动物。发现中国有3种哺乳动物"野外灭绝",3种"区域灭绝"。受威胁中国哺乳动物共计178种,约占评估物种总数的26.4%,高于IUCN濒危物种红色名录的物种平均受威胁率(21.8%)。中国哺乳动物1/4的特有种属于受威胁物种。受威胁比例最高的目是灵长目、食肉目与鲸偶蹄目。多数省区的受威胁哺乳动物物种占本省区哺乳动物总数的20–30%。中国哺乳动物种类多分布在中国第二级地理阶梯。生活在高海拔地区的哺乳动物虽然种类少,但是受威胁哺乳动物的种类比例高。过度利用、生境丧失和人类干扰名列受威胁哺乳动物致危因子的前3位。自从1989年《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》实施以来,一些中国濒危哺乳动物的生存状况得到了改善。然而,鉴于中国哺乳动物区系的独特性和多样性,以及中国地形地貌的复杂性,如何拯救这些濒危物种仍是中国生物多样性保护的一项艰巨任务。
