Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under trans...Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress due to bending and axial stress arising from constrained warping displacements at the fixing. The net shear stress distribution overlays the distributions from axial torsion and that from flexural shear under transverse loading. Both arise when transverse forces are displaced from the shear centre.展开更多
A good beginning grasps the audience's attention,arouses their interest,and presents the gist of your speech,while a good ending reinforces your stance,creates a sense of completeness and leaves the listeners spac...A good beginning grasps the audience's attention,arouses their interest,and presents the gist of your speech,while a good ending reinforces your stance,creates a sense of completeness and leaves the listeners space for further thinking.展开更多
Delaminations in structures may significantly reduce the stiffness and strength of the structures and may affect their vibration characteristics. As structural components, beams have been used for various purposes, in...Delaminations in structures may significantly reduce the stiffness and strength of the structures and may affect their vibration characteristics. As structural components, beams have been used for various purposes, in many of which beams are often subjected to axial loads and static end moments. In the present study, an analytical solution is developed to study the coupled bending-torsion vibration of a homogeneous beam with a single delamination subjected to axial loads and static end moments. Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the "free mode" assumption in delamination vibration are adopted. This is the first study of the influences of static end moments upon the effects of delaminations on natural frequencies, critical buckling loads and critical moments for lateral instability. The results show that the effects of delamination on reducing natural frequencies, critical buckling load and critical moment for lateral instability are aggravated by the presence of static end moment. In turn, the effects of static end moments on vibration and instability characteristics are affected by the presence of delamination. The analytical results of this study can serve as a benchmark for finite element method and other numerical solutions.展开更多
A case of ideal fluid flow in a moving ending rigid constant diameter circular pipeline is investigated. A model of the pipeline was established based on distributed-parameter theory. The comparisons on a quotient mod...A case of ideal fluid flow in a moving ending rigid constant diameter circular pipeline is investigated. A model of the pipeline was established based on distributed-parameter theory. The comparisons on a quotient module of output and input pressure of the moving ending model and neglected ending moving model are made on the frequency response. It is revealed that the moving ending of pipeline influences largely the quotient amplitude of output and input pressure, and the peak value of frequency resonance increases with the increase of pipeline’s length.展开更多
Background: In this experimental study, we aimed to determine the possible changes in fracture healing due to denervation and/or nerve ending interpositioning. Methods: 50 Wistar Albino type male rats were divided int...Background: In this experimental study, we aimed to determine the possible changes in fracture healing due to denervation and/or nerve ending interpositioning. Methods: 50 Wistar Albino type male rats were divided into three study groups. A standard transverse diaphysial fracture in the femurs of the same side of all subjects under anesthesia was created and the fracture were fixed intramedullarily. While preserving the structural integrity of the sciatic nerve in the first group, neurectomy to the nerve in the second group was performed. In the third group, following the sciatic nerve cut, the proximal end of the nerve were interposed the fracture line. After a 28-day observational period, the callus formation in the subjects was examined radiologically, biomechanically and histopathologically. Results: Among all groups, the third group subjects showed significant increase in radiological area measurements when they are compared to the second group rats. There was no significant difference in biomechanical measurements of fractured femurs of the three groups. In histopathological evaluations, it was observed that denervation had increased the thickness of the cartilage and the number of the chondrocytes and osteoclasts significantly but decreased the number of fibroblasts compared to the control group. In addition to the denervation nerve ending interpositioning increased the bone thickness and the number of the osteoblasts but decreased the number of the osteoclasts significantly. Conclusions: While radiological observations exhibit that nerve ending interpositioning has resulted more hypertrophic callus formation, histopathological evaluations led us to that denervation created partial (immature) callus formation and nerve ending interpositioning demonstrated larger but immature callus formation.展开更多
The writer O.Henry was famous for surprising endings,which is a common feature of his short stories.They have original plots and usually end in a way that you can never imagine.Because of his humorous language,his uni...The writer O.Henry was famous for surprising endings,which is a common feature of his short stories.They have original plots and usually end in a way that you can never imagine.Because of his humorous language,his unique narrative skills,and his unexpected and reasonable ending,O.Henry got a high reputation.His execllent technique of writng is more obvious for the irony of reality and the return of human nature.The O.Henry-style ending opened up the pluralistic development of later realistic literature.The highly critical ending of its turning point also promotes the practical significance of the reaction of world literature to society.展开更多
As one of the first and most original creations of literary postmodernism, published in the year 1961, Catch-22's (1961) position in American literature remains secure. Yet its ending has been held as unconvincing ...As one of the first and most original creations of literary postmodernism, published in the year 1961, Catch-22's (1961) position in American literature remains secure. Yet its ending has been held as unconvincing ever since its publication. Taking the overall structure, tone, and the theme of the novel into consideration, this paper aims to prove the credibility of this controversial part. It consists of five sections apart from an introduction and a conclusion. Section One provides general information on the life and works of Joseph Heller. Section Two traces the impact of existentialism and the generation of black humor to clarify the literary position of Catch-22. Section Three brings out the disputative opinions on the ending part. Sections Four and Five, try to prove Yossarian's final desertion a natural and convincing ending from different perspectives: Section Four analyses how Yossarian gains an entropic vision of the cosmos; section Five studies his existential vision of physical life and searches for the immediate factors that propel Yossarian's desertion. Section five also explains the ending's change in tone and structure. The conclusion summarizes the paper and points out the social significance of the novel.展开更多
The mechanisms for the regulation of synaptic dopamine (DA) include its release from presynaptic vesicles, its interaction with post-synaptic and pre-synaptic DA receptors, the reuptake of DA, via dopamine transport...The mechanisms for the regulation of synaptic dopamine (DA) include its release from presynaptic vesicles, its interaction with post-synaptic and pre-synaptic DA receptors, the reuptake of DA, via dopamine transporter (DAT), the diffusion of DA and its metabolism by mono-amine oxidase (MAO) and cate- chol-O-methyl transferase (COMT). DA controls complex and specialized functions including, movements, behavior, mood, perception, reward, and more recently, neurogenesis (Popolo et al., 2004; Reimer et al., 2013) and neuroregeneration (Hoglinger et al., 2004; Yang et al., 2008). These functions are varied and of high fidelity. Movement, as an example, requires regulatory mechanisms for initiating, stopping, slowing-down speed- ing-up, changing directions, for governing the relentless urges to move in the young and sedentariness in the old as well as in motor-freezing, catalepsy, tremor and stereotypy.展开更多
The French Lieutenant's Woman is the best-known novel written by John Fowles and is also called the post-modern metafiction.In the novel the mysterious woman Sarah is introduced,who rebels against Victorian conven...The French Lieutenant's Woman is the best-known novel written by John Fowles and is also called the post-modern metafiction.In the novel the mysterious woman Sarah is introduced,who rebels against Victorian conventions to pursue independence and freedom.Undoubtedly,Sarah is an independent woman ahead of her times.This paper is attempted to interpret the last ending of The French Lieutenant's woman written by John Fowles,thus finding relevant evidence to support this interpretation that Sarah has finally got her freedom which is not allowed against the Victorian background.展开更多
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE)acts as a decoy sequestering of RAGE ligands,thus preventing the activation of the ligand-RAGE axis linking human diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms un...Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE)acts as a decoy sequestering of RAGE ligands,thus preventing the activation of the ligand-RAGE axis linking human diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sRAGE remain unclear.In this study,THP-1 monocytes were cultured in normal glucose(NG,5.5 mmol/L)and high glucose(HG,15 mmol/L)to investigate the effects of diabetesrelevant glucose concentrations on sRAGE and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)secretion.The modulatory effects of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)in response to HG challenge were also evaluated.HG enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and RAGE expression.The secretion of sRAGE,including esRAGE and cRAGE,was reduced under HG conditions,together with the downregulation of a disintegrin and metallopeptidase 10(ADAM10)and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)nuclear translocation.Mechanistically,the HG effects were counteracted by siRAGE and exacerbated by siNrf2.Chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that Nrf2 binding to the ADAM10 promoter and HG interfered with this binding.Our data reinforce the notion that RAGE and Nrf2 might be sRAGE-regulating factors.Under HG conditions,the treatment of EGCG reduced ROS generation and RAGE activation.EGCG-stimulated cRAGE release was likely caused by the upregulation of the Nrf2-ADAM10 pathway.EGCG inhibited HG-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation at least partly by stimulating sRAGE,thereby reducing IL-1βrelease.展开更多
A roll-bending process that minimizes the flat areas on the leading and trailing ends of formed plates will produce more accurate and easier assemble final shapes. There are several methods of minimizing flat areas, b...A roll-bending process that minimizes the flat areas on the leading and trailing ends of formed plates will produce more accurate and easier assemble final shapes. There are several methods of minimizing flat areas, but they are costly or difficult to apply for thick plates. This study proposes a new, simple approach that reduces these flat areas. This approach includes moving the bottom roll slightly along the feeding direction and adjusting the bottom roll location. Sensitivity analyses were performed using a developed 3D dynamic FE (finite element) model of an asymmetrical roll-bending process in the Ansys/LS-Dyna software package. Simulations were validated by experiments run on an instrumented roll-bending machine. The FE results indicate that this new approach not only minimizes the flat areas but also reduces the forming forces.展开更多
Combining the detached eddy simulation(DES)method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)equation,the effect of bogie cavity end wall inclination on the flow field and aerodynamic noise in the bogie region is numerically s...Combining the detached eddy simulation(DES)method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)equation,the effect of bogie cavity end wall inclination on the flow field and aerodynamic noise in the bogie region is numerically studied.First,the simulation is conducted based on a simplified cavity-bogie model,including five cases with different inclination angles of the front and rear walls of the cavity.By comparing and analyzing the flow field and acoustic results of the five cases,the influence of the regularity and mechanism of the bogie cavity end wall inclination on the flow field and the aerodynamic noise of the bogie region are revealed.Then,the noise reduction strategy determined by the results of the simplified cavity-bogie model is applied to a three-car marshaling train model to verify its effectiveness when applied to the real train.The results reveal that the forward inclination of the cavity front wall enlarges the influence area of shear vortex structures formed at the leading edge of the cavity and intensifies the interaction between the vortex structures and the front wheelset,frontmotor,and front gearbox,resulting in the increase of the aerodynamic noise generated by the bogie itself.The backward inclination of the cavity rear wall is conducive to guiding the vortex structures flow out of the cavity and weakening the interaction between the shear vortex structures and the cavity rear wall,leading to the reduction of the aerodynamic noise generated by the bogie cavity.Inclining the rear end wall of the foremost bogie cavity of the head car is a feasible aerodynamic noise reduction measure for high-speed trains.展开更多
Phenazine-based non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have demonstrated great potential in improving the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Halogenation is known to be an effective strategy for increa...Phenazine-based non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have demonstrated great potential in improving the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Halogenation is known to be an effective strategy for increasing optical absorption,refining energy levels,and improving molecular packing in organic semiconductors.Herein,a series of NFAs(Pz IC-4H,Pz IC-4F,Pz IC-4Cl,Pz IC-2Br)with phenazine as the central core and with/without halogen-substituted(dicyanomethylidene)-indan-1-one(IC)as the electron-accepting end group were synthesized,and the effect of end group matched phenazine central unit on the photovoltaic performance was systematically studied.Synergetic photophysical and morphological analyses revealed that the PM6:Pz IC-4F blend involves efficient exciton dissociation,higher charge collection and transfer rates,better crystallinity,and optimal phase separation.Therefore,OSCs based on PM6:Pz IC-4F as the active layer exhibited a PCE of 16.48%with an open circuit voltage(Voc)and energy loss of 0.880 V and 0.53 e V,respectively.Accordingly,this work demonstrated a promising approach by designing phenazine-based NFAs for achieving high-performance OSCs.展开更多
文摘Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress due to bending and axial stress arising from constrained warping displacements at the fixing. The net shear stress distribution overlays the distributions from axial torsion and that from flexural shear under transverse loading. Both arise when transverse forces are displaced from the shear centre.
文摘A good beginning grasps the audience's attention,arouses their interest,and presents the gist of your speech,while a good ending reinforces your stance,creates a sense of completeness and leaves the listeners space for further thinking.
文摘Delaminations in structures may significantly reduce the stiffness and strength of the structures and may affect their vibration characteristics. As structural components, beams have been used for various purposes, in many of which beams are often subjected to axial loads and static end moments. In the present study, an analytical solution is developed to study the coupled bending-torsion vibration of a homogeneous beam with a single delamination subjected to axial loads and static end moments. Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the "free mode" assumption in delamination vibration are adopted. This is the first study of the influences of static end moments upon the effects of delaminations on natural frequencies, critical buckling loads and critical moments for lateral instability. The results show that the effects of delamination on reducing natural frequencies, critical buckling load and critical moment for lateral instability are aggravated by the presence of static end moment. In turn, the effects of static end moments on vibration and instability characteristics are affected by the presence of delamination. The analytical results of this study can serve as a benchmark for finite element method and other numerical solutions.
文摘A case of ideal fluid flow in a moving ending rigid constant diameter circular pipeline is investigated. A model of the pipeline was established based on distributed-parameter theory. The comparisons on a quotient module of output and input pressure of the moving ending model and neglected ending moving model are made on the frequency response. It is revealed that the moving ending of pipeline influences largely the quotient amplitude of output and input pressure, and the peak value of frequency resonance increases with the increase of pipeline’s length.
文摘Background: In this experimental study, we aimed to determine the possible changes in fracture healing due to denervation and/or nerve ending interpositioning. Methods: 50 Wistar Albino type male rats were divided into three study groups. A standard transverse diaphysial fracture in the femurs of the same side of all subjects under anesthesia was created and the fracture were fixed intramedullarily. While preserving the structural integrity of the sciatic nerve in the first group, neurectomy to the nerve in the second group was performed. In the third group, following the sciatic nerve cut, the proximal end of the nerve were interposed the fracture line. After a 28-day observational period, the callus formation in the subjects was examined radiologically, biomechanically and histopathologically. Results: Among all groups, the third group subjects showed significant increase in radiological area measurements when they are compared to the second group rats. There was no significant difference in biomechanical measurements of fractured femurs of the three groups. In histopathological evaluations, it was observed that denervation had increased the thickness of the cartilage and the number of the chondrocytes and osteoclasts significantly but decreased the number of fibroblasts compared to the control group. In addition to the denervation nerve ending interpositioning increased the bone thickness and the number of the osteoblasts but decreased the number of the osteoclasts significantly. Conclusions: While radiological observations exhibit that nerve ending interpositioning has resulted more hypertrophic callus formation, histopathological evaluations led us to that denervation created partial (immature) callus formation and nerve ending interpositioning demonstrated larger but immature callus formation.
文摘The writer O.Henry was famous for surprising endings,which is a common feature of his short stories.They have original plots and usually end in a way that you can never imagine.Because of his humorous language,his unique narrative skills,and his unexpected and reasonable ending,O.Henry got a high reputation.His execllent technique of writng is more obvious for the irony of reality and the return of human nature.The O.Henry-style ending opened up the pluralistic development of later realistic literature.The highly critical ending of its turning point also promotes the practical significance of the reaction of world literature to society.
文摘As one of the first and most original creations of literary postmodernism, published in the year 1961, Catch-22's (1961) position in American literature remains secure. Yet its ending has been held as unconvincing ever since its publication. Taking the overall structure, tone, and the theme of the novel into consideration, this paper aims to prove the credibility of this controversial part. It consists of five sections apart from an introduction and a conclusion. Section One provides general information on the life and works of Joseph Heller. Section Two traces the impact of existentialism and the generation of black humor to clarify the literary position of Catch-22. Section Three brings out the disputative opinions on the ending part. Sections Four and Five, try to prove Yossarian's final desertion a natural and convincing ending from different perspectives: Section Four analyses how Yossarian gains an entropic vision of the cosmos; section Five studies his existential vision of physical life and searches for the immediate factors that propel Yossarian's desertion. Section five also explains the ending's change in tone and structure. The conclusion summarizes the paper and points out the social significance of the novel.
文摘The mechanisms for the regulation of synaptic dopamine (DA) include its release from presynaptic vesicles, its interaction with post-synaptic and pre-synaptic DA receptors, the reuptake of DA, via dopamine transporter (DAT), the diffusion of DA and its metabolism by mono-amine oxidase (MAO) and cate- chol-O-methyl transferase (COMT). DA controls complex and specialized functions including, movements, behavior, mood, perception, reward, and more recently, neurogenesis (Popolo et al., 2004; Reimer et al., 2013) and neuroregeneration (Hoglinger et al., 2004; Yang et al., 2008). These functions are varied and of high fidelity. Movement, as an example, requires regulatory mechanisms for initiating, stopping, slowing-down speed- ing-up, changing directions, for governing the relentless urges to move in the young and sedentariness in the old as well as in motor-freezing, catalepsy, tremor and stereotypy.
文摘The French Lieutenant's Woman is the best-known novel written by John Fowles and is also called the post-modern metafiction.In the novel the mysterious woman Sarah is introduced,who rebels against Victorian conventions to pursue independence and freedom.Undoubtedly,Sarah is an independent woman ahead of her times.This paper is attempted to interpret the last ending of The French Lieutenant's woman written by John Fowles,thus finding relevant evidence to support this interpretation that Sarah has finally got her freedom which is not allowed against the Victorian background.
文摘Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE)acts as a decoy sequestering of RAGE ligands,thus preventing the activation of the ligand-RAGE axis linking human diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sRAGE remain unclear.In this study,THP-1 monocytes were cultured in normal glucose(NG,5.5 mmol/L)and high glucose(HG,15 mmol/L)to investigate the effects of diabetesrelevant glucose concentrations on sRAGE and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)secretion.The modulatory effects of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)in response to HG challenge were also evaluated.HG enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and RAGE expression.The secretion of sRAGE,including esRAGE and cRAGE,was reduced under HG conditions,together with the downregulation of a disintegrin and metallopeptidase 10(ADAM10)and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)nuclear translocation.Mechanistically,the HG effects were counteracted by siRAGE and exacerbated by siNrf2.Chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that Nrf2 binding to the ADAM10 promoter and HG interfered with this binding.Our data reinforce the notion that RAGE and Nrf2 might be sRAGE-regulating factors.Under HG conditions,the treatment of EGCG reduced ROS generation and RAGE activation.EGCG-stimulated cRAGE release was likely caused by the upregulation of the Nrf2-ADAM10 pathway.EGCG inhibited HG-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation at least partly by stimulating sRAGE,thereby reducing IL-1βrelease.
文摘A roll-bending process that minimizes the flat areas on the leading and trailing ends of formed plates will produce more accurate and easier assemble final shapes. There are several methods of minimizing flat areas, but they are costly or difficult to apply for thick plates. This study proposes a new, simple approach that reduces these flat areas. This approach includes moving the bottom roll slightly along the feeding direction and adjusting the bottom roll location. Sensitivity analyses were performed using a developed 3D dynamic FE (finite element) model of an asymmetrical roll-bending process in the Ansys/LS-Dyna software package. Simulations were validated by experiments run on an instrumented roll-bending machine. The FE results indicate that this new approach not only minimizes the flat areas but also reduces the forming forces.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12172308)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0710902).
文摘Combining the detached eddy simulation(DES)method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)equation,the effect of bogie cavity end wall inclination on the flow field and aerodynamic noise in the bogie region is numerically studied.First,the simulation is conducted based on a simplified cavity-bogie model,including five cases with different inclination angles of the front and rear walls of the cavity.By comparing and analyzing the flow field and acoustic results of the five cases,the influence of the regularity and mechanism of the bogie cavity end wall inclination on the flow field and the aerodynamic noise of the bogie region are revealed.Then,the noise reduction strategy determined by the results of the simplified cavity-bogie model is applied to a three-car marshaling train model to verify its effectiveness when applied to the real train.The results reveal that the forward inclination of the cavity front wall enlarges the influence area of shear vortex structures formed at the leading edge of the cavity and intensifies the interaction between the vortex structures and the front wheelset,frontmotor,and front gearbox,resulting in the increase of the aerodynamic noise generated by the bogie itself.The backward inclination of the cavity rear wall is conducive to guiding the vortex structures flow out of the cavity and weakening the interaction between the shear vortex structures and the cavity rear wall,leading to the reduction of the aerodynamic noise generated by the bogie cavity.Inclining the rear end wall of the foremost bogie cavity of the head car is a feasible aerodynamic noise reduction measure for high-speed trains.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22279152,U21A20331)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (21925506)+1 种基金the Ningbo key scientific and technological project (2022Z117)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (2021J192)。
文摘Phenazine-based non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have demonstrated great potential in improving the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Halogenation is known to be an effective strategy for increasing optical absorption,refining energy levels,and improving molecular packing in organic semiconductors.Herein,a series of NFAs(Pz IC-4H,Pz IC-4F,Pz IC-4Cl,Pz IC-2Br)with phenazine as the central core and with/without halogen-substituted(dicyanomethylidene)-indan-1-one(IC)as the electron-accepting end group were synthesized,and the effect of end group matched phenazine central unit on the photovoltaic performance was systematically studied.Synergetic photophysical and morphological analyses revealed that the PM6:Pz IC-4F blend involves efficient exciton dissociation,higher charge collection and transfer rates,better crystallinity,and optimal phase separation.Therefore,OSCs based on PM6:Pz IC-4F as the active layer exhibited a PCE of 16.48%with an open circuit voltage(Voc)and energy loss of 0.880 V and 0.53 e V,respectively.Accordingly,this work demonstrated a promising approach by designing phenazine-based NFAs for achieving high-performance OSCs.