【目的】探究气候变化对极端干旱区棉花生长和产量的影响。【方法】利用2018年新疆策勒绿洲棉田数据对根区水质模型(Root Zone Water Quality Model-version2,RZWQM2)进行率定和验证;基于验证后的模型模拟了1960—2019年气候变化对棉花...【目的】探究气候变化对极端干旱区棉花生长和产量的影响。【方法】利用2018年新疆策勒绿洲棉田数据对根区水质模型(Root Zone Water Quality Model-version2,RZWQM2)进行率定和验证;基于验证后的模型模拟了1960—2019年气候变化对棉花生育期、产量和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)的影响;利用相关分析探究了关键气候要素与棉花生育期和产量的相关性。【结果】RZWQM2模型能够较好地模拟极端干旱区绿洲棉田各土层含水量(除0.15~0.25 m外)、棉花生长和产量,平均一致性指数(IOA)>0.75。棉花的出苗期、花期、吐絮期和成熟期均推迟,平均每10年推迟时间约为1.1、2.1、3.5、3.5 d;棉花产量和IWUE均呈下降趋势,每10年下降幅度分别为45.95 kg/hm^(2)和0.13 kg/(mm·hm^(2))。气温和太阳辐射量对棉花生长有显著影响,其中最低气温是影响棉花生育期的主导因子,最高气温对棉花产量有一定负面影响;太阳辐射量则是引起产量变化的主导因子。【结论】研究结果可为绿洲农业应对气候变化的影响提供一定的科学指导。展开更多
Water resources are subjected to ever-increasing supply constraints due to extensive agricultural water demand for irrigated lands.Therefore,water-saving irrigation strategies need to be explored.The present study was...Water resources are subjected to ever-increasing supply constraints due to extensive agricultural water demand for irrigated lands.Therefore,water-saving irrigation strategies need to be explored.The present study was conducted to explore the possibilities of using regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)and partial root zone drying irrigation(PRD)methods as water-saving irrigation techniques for subsurface irrigation.The objective of this study are to assess the effects of RDI and PRD irrigation on the water productivity of vegetable crops(tomato)under SSD systems in arid climatic conditions,and to compare the responses of tomato crops to PRD,RDI,and FI under an SSD system in terms of productivity,crop quality,and the amount of water saved.The field experiment was conducted during the fall 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons in an experimental field located on an educational farm owned by the Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences Department,King Saud University,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.An area of 102.7 m^(2)(13 m×7.9 m)was allocated for the experiment to manage three treatments:RDI,PRD,and full irrigation(FI).The RDI and PRD treatments received 70%of the irrigation water volume of FI.Each was replicated three times.The most important results indicated that the soil water content(SWC)for the RDI and PRD treatments was lower than that of the FI treatments.FI had the highest stomatal conductance values(gs),while PRD had the lowest stomatal conductance values.The photosynthetic rate(A_(n))was lower under RDI and PRD compared to FI.However,there was no significant change in A_(n) between treatments for most readings taken during both time periods,which means that the water saving treatments(PRD and RDI)did not affect the net photosynthesis rate,thereby enhancing irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)under DI treatments.The water-saving irrigation techniques decreased transpiration rate(T)compared to the FI treatment.The values of the abscisic acid(ABA)contents were higher under PRD and RDI than FI.The marketable yield under the FI treatment yielded the highest values.The fruit quality parameter results showed that the RDI and PRD treatments increased the total soluble solids,vitamin C,and titratable acidity of tomato compared to the FI treatment.Most of the minimum IWUE values were associated with FI.These results indicate the effects of deficit levels on IWUE.展开更多
In the northwestern part of China,rational and efficient management of irrigation and nitrogen significantly affects the intensive production of greenhouse cucumbers(Cucumis sativus L).To evaluate the effects of diffe...In the northwestern part of China,rational and efficient management of irrigation and nitrogen significantly affects the intensive production of greenhouse cucumbers(Cucumis sativus L).To evaluate the effects of different combinations of water use and nitrogen(N)on yield,quality,and profitability of the greenhouse cucumbers that planted in 2018 Spring,nine combined treatments were applied.Results indicated the optimal irrigation and nitrogen demands for yield,quality and other indicators were different.The irrigation amount significantly affected the yield,and the yield gradually increased with increasing in irrigation.Single fruit weight(SFW)was significantly affected by the amount of irrigation,nitrogen and their interactions,and the higher amounts of N and irrigation were beneficial to the increase of SFW.The partial factor productivity of the applied N(PFPN)gradually increased with the nitrogen amount decline.Irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)was closely related to the amount of irrigation.The higher irrigation amount would lead to the lower IWUE.When the amounts of irrigation and nitrogen were at an intermediate level,the content of vitamin C(VC)reached the maximum.As the amount of nitrogen was increased or irrigation was decreased,the Nitrate content(NC)would increase.Free amino acid(FAA)and NC followed a similar variation.When the amounts of irrigation and nitrogen both were at medium levels,the total soluble sugar concentration(TSSC)reached the highest.The multi-level fuzzy evaluation method was used to evaluate different indicators of cucumber.The weights of indicators in the first and second layer were determined by analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight method,respectively.Then the fuzzy algorithm was used to comprehensively evaluate all the treatments.The evaluation results show that T4(irrigation,1957.6 m3/hm2;N,210 kg/hm2)is the best strategy for greenhouse cucumber irrigation and nitrogen management in the northwestern part of China.展开更多
文摘【目的】探究气候变化对极端干旱区棉花生长和产量的影响。【方法】利用2018年新疆策勒绿洲棉田数据对根区水质模型(Root Zone Water Quality Model-version2,RZWQM2)进行率定和验证;基于验证后的模型模拟了1960—2019年气候变化对棉花生育期、产量和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)的影响;利用相关分析探究了关键气候要素与棉花生育期和产量的相关性。【结果】RZWQM2模型能够较好地模拟极端干旱区绿洲棉田各土层含水量(除0.15~0.25 m外)、棉花生长和产量,平均一致性指数(IOA)>0.75。棉花的出苗期、花期、吐絮期和成熟期均推迟,平均每10年推迟时间约为1.1、2.1、3.5、3.5 d;棉花产量和IWUE均呈下降趋势,每10年下降幅度分别为45.95 kg/hm^(2)和0.13 kg/(mm·hm^(2))。气温和太阳辐射量对棉花生长有显著影响,其中最低气温是影响棉花生育期的主导因子,最高气温对棉花产量有一定负面影响;太阳辐射量则是引起产量变化的主导因子。【结论】研究结果可为绿洲农业应对气候变化的影响提供一定的科学指导。
基金This Project was funded by the National Plan for Science,Technology and Innovation(MAARIFAH),King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Award Number(11-WAT1978-02).
文摘Water resources are subjected to ever-increasing supply constraints due to extensive agricultural water demand for irrigated lands.Therefore,water-saving irrigation strategies need to be explored.The present study was conducted to explore the possibilities of using regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)and partial root zone drying irrigation(PRD)methods as water-saving irrigation techniques for subsurface irrigation.The objective of this study are to assess the effects of RDI and PRD irrigation on the water productivity of vegetable crops(tomato)under SSD systems in arid climatic conditions,and to compare the responses of tomato crops to PRD,RDI,and FI under an SSD system in terms of productivity,crop quality,and the amount of water saved.The field experiment was conducted during the fall 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons in an experimental field located on an educational farm owned by the Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences Department,King Saud University,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.An area of 102.7 m^(2)(13 m×7.9 m)was allocated for the experiment to manage three treatments:RDI,PRD,and full irrigation(FI).The RDI and PRD treatments received 70%of the irrigation water volume of FI.Each was replicated three times.The most important results indicated that the soil water content(SWC)for the RDI and PRD treatments was lower than that of the FI treatments.FI had the highest stomatal conductance values(gs),while PRD had the lowest stomatal conductance values.The photosynthetic rate(A_(n))was lower under RDI and PRD compared to FI.However,there was no significant change in A_(n) between treatments for most readings taken during both time periods,which means that the water saving treatments(PRD and RDI)did not affect the net photosynthesis rate,thereby enhancing irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)under DI treatments.The water-saving irrigation techniques decreased transpiration rate(T)compared to the FI treatment.The values of the abscisic acid(ABA)contents were higher under PRD and RDI than FI.The marketable yield under the FI treatment yielded the highest values.The fruit quality parameter results showed that the RDI and PRD treatments increased the total soluble solids,vitamin C,and titratable acidity of tomato compared to the FI treatment.Most of the minimum IWUE values were associated with FI.These results indicate the effects of deficit levels on IWUE.
基金This work was partially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province in China(Grant No.2018TSCXL-NY-05-03)the Xi'an Science and Technology Program in China(Grant No.2017050NC/NY011(2))the Key project for Innovation in Production,Education and Research of Yangling in China(Grant No.2017CXY-07).
文摘In the northwestern part of China,rational and efficient management of irrigation and nitrogen significantly affects the intensive production of greenhouse cucumbers(Cucumis sativus L).To evaluate the effects of different combinations of water use and nitrogen(N)on yield,quality,and profitability of the greenhouse cucumbers that planted in 2018 Spring,nine combined treatments were applied.Results indicated the optimal irrigation and nitrogen demands for yield,quality and other indicators were different.The irrigation amount significantly affected the yield,and the yield gradually increased with increasing in irrigation.Single fruit weight(SFW)was significantly affected by the amount of irrigation,nitrogen and their interactions,and the higher amounts of N and irrigation were beneficial to the increase of SFW.The partial factor productivity of the applied N(PFPN)gradually increased with the nitrogen amount decline.Irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)was closely related to the amount of irrigation.The higher irrigation amount would lead to the lower IWUE.When the amounts of irrigation and nitrogen were at an intermediate level,the content of vitamin C(VC)reached the maximum.As the amount of nitrogen was increased or irrigation was decreased,the Nitrate content(NC)would increase.Free amino acid(FAA)and NC followed a similar variation.When the amounts of irrigation and nitrogen both were at medium levels,the total soluble sugar concentration(TSSC)reached the highest.The multi-level fuzzy evaluation method was used to evaluate different indicators of cucumber.The weights of indicators in the first and second layer were determined by analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight method,respectively.Then the fuzzy algorithm was used to comprehensively evaluate all the treatments.The evaluation results show that T4(irrigation,1957.6 m3/hm2;N,210 kg/hm2)is the best strategy for greenhouse cucumber irrigation and nitrogen management in the northwestern part of China.
