Extraction and Identification of Ginsenoside Re and Its Effects and Mechanism of Protecting Acute Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats

This paper studies the extraction and identification of ginsenoside Re from ginseng fruits and investigates the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Re of protecting acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Having been smashed,the ginseng fruits were ultrasonically extracted twice with 95% ethanol for 30min each.Having been concentrated,the solution was dissolved with distilled water and separated by two-column chromatography,of which one was packed with macroporous resin D4020,and the other was packed with macroporous resin D941.The raw product was dissolved with methanol and was purified by elution on a Si gel column,finally ginsenoside Re was obtained.The structure of the ginsenoside Re was analyzed by the thin-layer chromatography and NMR methods,and HPLC was carried for the content determination.The model of acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats was established after ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 1 h or 24 h,serum SOD（superoxide dismutase）,MDA（malondialdehyde） and plasma TXB2（thromboxane B2） and 6-keto-PGF1α were detected.The results show that it has accurately,fast,convenient merits and so on.Ginsenoside Re has a protective effect on acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,the mechanism may be related to improving the imbalance of thromboxane A2（TXA2）/prostacyclin（PGI2） and inhibiting lipid peroxidation reaction.

Rapid identification of spinal ventral and dorsal roots using a quartz crystal microbalance

The fast and accurate identification of nerve tracts is critical for successful nerve anastomosis. Taking advantage of differences in acetylcholinesterase content between the spinal ventral and dorsal roots, we developed a novel quartz crystal microbalance method to distinguish between these nerves based on acetylcholinesterase antibody reactivity. The acetylcholinesterase antibody was immobilized on the electrode surface of a quartz crystal microbalance and reacted with the acetylcholinesterase in sample solution. The formed antigen and antibody complexes added to the mass of the electrode inducing a change in frequency of the electrode. The spinal ventral and dorsal roots were distinguished by the change in frequency. The ventral and dorsal roots were cut into 1 to 2-mm long segments and then soaked in 250 pL PBS. Acetylcholinesterase antibody was immobilized on the quartz crystal microbalance gold electrode surface. The results revealed that in 10 minutes, both spinal ventral and dorsal roots induced a frequency change; however, the frequency change induced by the ventral roots was notably higher than that induced by the dorsal roots. No change was induced by bovine serum albumin or PBS. These results clearly demonstrate that a quartz crystal microbalance sensor can be used as a rapid, highly sensitive and accurate detection tool for the quick identification of spinal nerve roots intraoperatively.

青少年篮球训练运动中关节损伤预警模型

为准确预警青少年在篮球训练中的关节损伤,构建了青少年篮球训练运动中关节损伤预警模型。使用基于独立成分分析和经验模态分解的关节受力信号去噪方法,保留有效信号,在CNN网络中提取关节受力特征后,输入LSTM网络识别关节受力信号的损伤级别后通过蜂鸣器预警。结果显示:所构建模型对青少年篮球训练运动中关节损伤级别识别结果符合实际,预警错误次数为0次,预警结果具有可信度。

交趾黄檀新黄酮类成分及其抗H9c2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤活性研究

目的研究交趾黄檀Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness的新黄酮类成分及其抗H9c2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤活性。方法交趾黄檀70%乙醇提取物采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、反相制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用CCK-8法检测其对H9c2心肌细胞的活性及对H9c2细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用,并分析其构效关系。结果从中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为阔叶黄檀酚(1)、5-O-methyllatifolin(2)、mimosifoliol(3)、5-O-methydalbergiphenol(4)、dalbergiphenol(5)、cearoin(6)、2,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzophenone(7)、2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzophenone(8)、melannoin(9)、2,2′,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone(10)、黄檀素(11)、4-甲氧基黄檀醌(12)。黄檀酚及黄檀内酯类化合物对H9c2细胞毒性较小,黄檀酚类化合物抗H9c2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤活性较强。结论化合物8为新天然产物,化合物4、9为首次从该植物中分离得到。黄檀酚类化合物可能是抗H9c2细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的主要新黄酮类成分。

NPUAP联合超声技术对早期识别压力性损伤患者的临床价值研究

目的探讨NPUAP联合超声技术对早期识别压力性损伤患者的可行性及应用价值。方法选取2022年2月至2023年3月怀化市第二人民医院收治的58例入院时Braden量表评分≤12分患者为研究对象。所以患者入院时(T0)、入院后2周(T2)均在高风险区域皮肤或疑似及已具有1处或多处深度未知压力性损伤处,通过视诊、问诊、触诊的传统方法评估其压力性损伤深度及范围,并进行NPUAP分类。对58例患者均进行超声检查后,结合NPUAP分类再次评估损伤范围、深度,对比超声检查前后压力性损伤识别准确率,并采取早期干预措施,评估患者预后情况。结果应用NPUAP联合超声技术早期识别出高风险区域皮肤中压力性损伤共69处,其中1期15处、2期13处、深部组织损伤期36处(其中,疑似压力性损伤区域皮肤处检出15处)、不可分期5处,失禁性皮炎2处。检出高危区域皮肤(外观无异常)异常超声征象11处。传统评估方法识别出压力性损伤共51处,其中,1期21处、2期10例、深部组织损伤期10处、不可分期5处,失禁性皮炎5处。及早采取有效干预措施2周后复评,1期15处全部痊愈,2期12处愈合8处、好转4处,36处深部组织损伤期中15处愈合、17处分期不变但范围缩小,2处进展为3期、3处进展为4期,不可分期5处中经清创后3期2处、4期3处。结论在高风险区域皮肤采用NPUAP联合超声技术可早期有效判断压力性损伤,并明确损伤深度,从而可为临床干预提供指导,并持续改进压力性损伤的护理质量。

青钱柳无性系对寒驯化的生理响应及其抗寒性初步评价

青钱柳(Cyclocarya paliurus)是多功能树种,主要分布在中国亚热带地区。为筛选出抗寒性较强的品种,探究了青钱柳无性系对寒驯化的生理响应及其与抗寒性的关系,旨在为青钱柳人工林的定向培育及抗寒性鉴定提供理论参考。以寒驯化后19个青钱柳3年生无性系及黎平种源(实生苗)的当年生枝条为材料,通过测定青钱柳枝条水分质量分数、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉、木质素和半纤维素质量分数以及田间试验鉴定,计算了不同青钱柳无性系的冻害指数,分析了各生理生化指标与冻害指数相关性,评价了青钱柳无性系的抗寒性。结果表明,寒驯化后枝条水分质量分数、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉、木质素和半纤维素质量分数在青钱柳无性系间存在显著差异;根据冻害指数,聚类分析将参试青钱柳无性系的相对抗寒性分为4类:1个抗寒性强无性系(CP3)、10个抗寒性较强无性系(LF1、Y1、LC4、L1、CR4、J1、LC2、CR5、CR2和BA1)、3个抗寒性中等无性系(Q4、LS3、CP6)和黎平种源以及4个抗寒性弱无性系(LS2、S4、CR6、LC1、LS5)。相关性分析表明,枝条水分质量分数与冻害指数呈极显著正相关,而可溶性蛋白质量分数、淀粉质量分数、木质素和半纤维素质量分数与冻害指数呈显著负相关。总体看,青钱柳经过寒驯化后,当年生枝条水分质量分数和可溶性蛋白质量分数高低可作为早期筛选抗寒性强优良无性系的主要参考因子,而淀粉、木质素和半纤维素质量分数可作为筛选的辅助参考因子。供试的19个青钱柳无性系中,无性系CP3的抗寒性相对强,可作为青钱柳抗寒性选育的首选材料,而10个抗寒性较强无性系可作为潜在的选育材料。

以宠物诊疗纠纷为视角探析动物诊疗损害司法鉴定

随着我国宠物饲养数量不断增加,动物诊疗损害纠纷也呈一定上升趋势,亟需妥善化解。司法鉴定能有效证明案件事实、划分责任、厘清因果,有利于动物诊疗损害纠纷的科学化解,规范诊疗市场和维护诊疗方合法权益等。但透析动物诊疗损害司法鉴定立法和司法现状,发现当前我国动物诊疗损害司法鉴定制度仍面临立法缺失问题,进而导致实践中动物诊疗损害纠纷化解陷入窘境。为疏解上述问题,应从立法上明确动物诊疗损害司法鉴定制度,同时建立专家库,统一鉴定标准,确定鉴定机构,制定鉴定程序等以助推制度实施。本文以宠物诊疗损害纠纷为视角来探讨明确动物诊疗损害司法鉴定法律地位的意义,并提出了相关建议,以期为我国动物诊疗损害司法鉴定制度建立提供参考。

“48小时之内经抢救无效死亡”解释和适用问题研究

《工伤保险条例》第十五条“48小时之内经抢救无效死亡”的规定,在司法实践的解释与适用过程中存在较多争议,尤其是对该规定中“48小时”的设定、“经抢救”的必经要件以及对“死亡”的认定。在实践中,可能会出现职工的自主决定权与“经抢救”规定之间的矛盾冲突;“48小时”的设定可能会诱发道德问题;对死亡是否可逆存在误区以及“48小时”起算时间点存在不统一的问题。对此,可从解释论和立法论两个方面予以完善。可将现实中的消极治疗分类讨论,分别予以规定,同时明确对职工存活的可能性和救治必要性判断的具体考量因素;也可通过引入司法鉴定代替“48小时”的设定;若仍坚持“48小时”的规定,可明确起算时间点。

Time of Liver Function Abnormal Identification on Prediction of the Risk of Anti-tuberculosis-induced Liver Injury

Background and Aims:Anti-tuberculosis(anti-TB)druginduced liver injury(AT-DILI)is the most common side effect in patients who received anti-TB therapy.AT-DILI management includes monitoring liver function until symptoms arise in patients without high-risk factors for liver damage.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of liver function test(LFT)abnormal identification on the risk of DILI,including liver failure and anti-TB drug resistance in patients without high-risk factors.Methods:A total of 399 patients without high-risk factors for liver damage at baseline and who experienced LFT abnormal during the 6 months of first-line anti-TB treatment were enrolled.The Roussel Uclaf Causal Relationship Assessment Method(RUCAM,2016)was applied in suspected DILI.The correlations between the time of LFT abnormal identification and DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance were analyzed by smooth curve fitting and multivariable logistic regression models.Results:Among all study patients,131 met the criteria for DILI with a mean RUCAM causality score of 8.86±0.63.26/131 and 105/131 were in the probable grading and highly probable grading,respectively.The time of abnormal LFT identification was an independent predictor of DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance in the crude model and after adjusting for other risk patient factors.The time of abnormal LFT identification was positively correlated with DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance.The late identification group(>8 weeks)had the highest risk of DILI,followed by liver failure compared with the other two groups.Conclusions:The time to identification of LFT was positively correlated with DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance.The risk of DILI and liver failure was significantly increased in the late identification group with abnormal LFT identified after 8 weeks compared with 4 and 8 weeks.Early monitoring of LFT is recommended for patients without the high-risk factor of DILI after anti-TB treatment is initiated.

常见道路交通事故损伤在交通行为方式司法鉴定中的辨识与运用

道路交通事故涉案者交通行为方式鉴定是道路交通事故痕迹物证综合鉴定的重要内容,其涉及多学科交叉知识。具有认定交通行为方式的典型特征损伤、痕迹物证和运动轨迹可作为交通行为方式判断的关键性依据,能够得出认定性的意见。在道路交通事故中,因车辆碰撞造成涉案者不同程度的损伤,通过损伤的形态及对损伤机制的分析,能够客观地判断涉案者的交通行为方式。其中,典型特征损伤更是起到了关键证据的作用。通过梳理、归纳十种常见典型特征损伤的形态、致伤方式及鉴定实践,探讨如何辨识和运用典型特征损伤的关键证据;结合符合性成立条件,综合判断涉案者交通行为方式,以期对司法鉴定实践提供参考。

成年小鼠触液神经元体外分离培养及自我更新能力的鉴定

背景:课题组前期成功在体外分离培养乳鼠触液神经元,尚无研究报道有效分离培养高纯度成年小鼠触液神经元的方法,且触液神经元的自我更新能力是否随着年龄发生变化尚无研究。目的:建立一种高纯度成年小鼠触液神经元体外分离培养的方法,并鉴定成年小鼠触液神经元与乳鼠触液神经元在体外的自我更新能力。方法:从成年3月龄小鼠颈髓分离含有触液神经元的原代细胞贴壁培养并利用融合多模态成像基因的慢病毒转染细胞,通过嘌呤霉素筛选得到高纯度成年小鼠触液神经元细胞,在完全培养基中悬浮培养。通过免疫荧光检测成年小鼠触液神经元表达神经干细胞标记物巢蛋白(Nestin)及SOX2情况,观察成年小鼠触液神经元体外成球与传代能力;将同等数量(5×10^(3))的第3代成年小鼠及乳鼠触液神经元在同等条件下分为2组,分别接种在含有完全培养基的超低黏附培养板中,在体积分数5%CO_(2),37℃恒温箱悬浮培养,通过体外成球、CCK8实验、qPCR和Western blot鉴定成年小鼠及乳鼠触液神经元的自我更新能力。结果与结论:①实验成功在成年小鼠体内分离出高纯度触液神经元,在体外表达Nestin及SOX2,能形成神经球并连续传代。②成年小鼠触液神经元体外自我更新能力较乳鼠相比明显减弱,细胞培养到第4天时乳鼠触液神经元已经形成直径约为150μm的神经球,而成年小鼠触液神经元所形成的神经球直径仅为40μm(P<0.0001)。③CCK8增殖实验结果表明,成年小鼠触液神经元的增殖活性在培养后各时间点显著弱于乳鼠(P<0.0001)。④qPCR和Western blot检测发现成年小鼠触液神经元Nestin及SOX2的mRNA(P<0.0001)和蛋白表达量(P<0.01)较乳鼠显著下降。⑤上述结果证实,成年小鼠触液神经元的体外自我更新能力显著弱于乳鼠。

Is burnout a mediating factor between sharps injury and workrelated factors or musculoskeletal pain?

BACKGROUND Burnout,musculoskeletal pain,and sharps injuries(SIs)affect medical workers.AIM To establish a model between SIs,burnout,and the risk factors to assess the extent to which burnout affects SIs.METHODS This questionnaire was used for an observational and cross-sectional study,which was based on members at a hospital affiliated with a medical university in Taichung,Taiwan,in 2020.The valid responses constituted 68.5%(1734 of 2531).The items were drawn from the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Copenhagen burnout inventory and concerned work experience,occupational category,presence of chronic diseases,sleep duration,overtime work,and work schedule.Factor analysis,chi-square test,Fisher exact test,Multiple linear,logistic regression and Sobel test were conducted.The present analyses were performed using SAS Enterprise Guide 6.1 software(SAS Institute Inc.,Cary,NC,United States),and significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS Personal and work-related burnout ranks, sex, work experience ranks, occupationalgroups, drinking in the past month, sleep duration per day, presence ofchronic diseases, overtime work ranks, and work schedule were associated withSIs. Frequent upper limb and lower limb pain (pain occurring every day or once aweek) determined to be related to SIs. High personal burnout (> Q3) and highwork-related burnout (> Q3) mediated the relationship between SIs and frequentlower limb pain. Similarly, frequent lower limb pain mediated the relationship ofSIs with high personal and high work-related burnout. High personal and highwork-related burnout mediated the relationships of SIs with overtime work andirregular shift work. The mediating model provides strong evidence of anassociation between mental health and SIs.CONCLUSIONBurnout was determined to contribute to SIs occurrence;specifically, it mediatedthe relationships of SIs with frequent musculoskeletal pain, overtime work, andirregular shift work.

Rights Basis and System Building of Occupational Injury Protection for Employers in New Business Forms

Employees in new business forms face higher occupational injury risks and the plight of“falling in the gap in the protection network”of work-related injury insurance.The existing three types of occupational injury protection models are based on the reflection and reform of traditional occupational injury insurance.The readjustment path of occupational injury insurance is the most desirable among them.Occupational injury protection for employees in new forms of business is based on the concept of human rights protection,with the right to equality,social insurance and occupational safety and health as the direct basis.The top-level design of the system should be based on the appropriate“decoupling”of work-related injury insurance and labor relations,and rely on the technological empowerment of the digital age to explore the establishment of a work-related injury insurance system that is both mandatory and flexible.For the specific system building,in the dimension of mandate,the commercialization of benefits payment should be realized while expanding the statutory coverage of work-related injury insurance;while in the dimension of flexibility,it should be based on the characteristics of employees.Corresponding rules and regulations should be adjusted in terms of management model,work-related injury identification,and treatment calculation and payment.

棉花抗逆性鉴定技术标准体系的建立

棉花是中国主要的经济作物,分布区域广,生产周期长,受生态逆境胁迫影响大。培育和筛选抗逆性强的棉花品种是减少逆境灾害的主要途径,而研究棉花品种的抗逆性鉴定技术和标准是至关重要的基础工作。归纳了近年来国内外作物抗逆性鉴定的基本方法,分析了棉花干旱、渍涝、盐碱、高温热害和低温冻害冷害等5种常发易发非生物逆境(生态逆境)抗逆性鉴定的鉴定时期、鉴定方法、鉴定指标和抗逆性判定级别等,总结了抗逆性鉴定标准制定和标准体系建立的基本原则、框架和内容等。提出了进一步研究的基本思路,主要包括:研究基于光谱/高光谱等新技术的快速便捷无损抗逆性鉴定、复合逆境下抗逆性鉴定、利用分子生物学手段直接找出相关抗逆基因并以此来进行抗逆性鉴定等技术。

基于16S rDNA测序研究白酒对大鼠肠道菌群的影响

为探究浓香型白酒对SD大鼠肠道微生态的影响,通过连续8周灌胃适当剂量乙醇,建立SD大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤模型,同时,灌胃相同剂量的白酒,考察白酒和乙醇对SD大鼠血脂、肝脏指标的影响及造成的肠道菌群变化。结果显示,连续8周灌胃乙醇造成SD大鼠一定程度的酒精性肝损伤,而白酒组的肝损伤程度显著低于乙醇组。多样性分析表明乙醇组SD大鼠肠道菌群丰富度和多样性降低,而白酒的摄入可以回调这种现象。菌群结构分析表明乙醇干预和白酒干预之间存在显著差异,其中白酒干预组物种组成与对照组更加接近。差异性分析筛选出白酒组和乙醇组的3个潜在差异微生物标志物,分别为g_Eubacterium_rumminantium_group、g_U29-B03和g_unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceae。该研究结果表明白酒可能通过调节肠道微生态来减轻乙醇诱导的轻度肝损伤。

工伤认定争议的程序空转及解决

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