Constitution identification model in traditional Chinese medicine based on multiple features

Objective To construct a precise model for identifying traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutions;thereby offering optimized guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment plan-ning;and ultimately enhancing medical efficiency and treatment outcomes.Methods First;TCM full-body inspection data acquisition equipment was employed to col-lect full-body standing images of healthy people;from which the constitutions were labelled and defined in accordance with the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ);and a dataset encompassing labelled constitutions was constructed.Second;heat-suppres-sion valve(HSV)color space and improved local binary patterns(LBP)algorithm were lever-aged for the extraction of features such as facial complexion and body shape.In addition;a dual-branch deep network was employed to collect deep features from the full-body standing images.Last;the random forest(RF)algorithm was utilized to learn the extracted multifea-tures;which were subsequently employed to establish a TCM constitution identification mod-el.Accuracy;precision;and F1 score were the three measures selected to assess the perfor-mance of the model.Results It was found that the accuracy;precision;and F1 score of the proposed model based on multifeatures for identifying TCM constitutions were 0.842;0.868;and 0.790;respectively.In comparison with the identification models that encompass a single feature;either a single facial complexion feature;a body shape feature;or deep features;the accuracy of the model that incorporating all the aforementioned features was elevated by 0.105;0.105;and 0.079;the precision increased by 0.164;0.164;and 0.211;and the F1 score rose by 0.071;0.071;and 0.084;respectively.Conclusion The research findings affirmed the viability of the proposed model;which incor-porated multifeatures;including the facial complexion feature;the body shape feature;and the deep feature.In addition;by employing the proposed model;the objectification and intel-ligence of identifying constitutions in TCM practices could be optimized.

A Preliminary Study on Legitimacy Identification Standards for Unconventional Treatment Technologies in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Compared with western medicine with objective and standardized theories,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)places more emphasis on subjective thinking.Moreover,there are several academic schools under TCM,and ancient secret prescriptions and proven prescriptions play important roles in TCM treatments.However,the drugs used by some academic schools and some ancient secret prescriptions and proven prescriptions often contradict mainstream theories,and some TCM treatment methods do not significantly conform to the methods that are considered safe by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),medical textbooks and other canonical books.Despite the long history and abundant successful experiences of TCM treatments,controversies regarding these unconventional treatment technologies,specifically when these breach the safety standards of treatment,exist considering that several medical adverse effects are observed when performing these unconventional treatments.In view of this,distinguishing“welldefined technological breakthrough”from“medical fault”is considered necessary.This study discusses the issue and raises constructive suggestions on the corresponding identification standards for unconventional treatment strategies in TCM.

General Situation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification Methods

Traditional Chinese medicines are the material basis for the treatment of diseases under theoretical direction, as well as the raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicines. The quality of traditional Chinese medicine directly influences clinical efficacy. Therefore, the identification of traditional Chinese medicine is the responsibility of medicinal workers. The identification method develops from observation, tasting, smelling and listening to firing method and testing with water, and the construction of fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicines and molecular biological techniques. The development and evolution of traditional Chinese medicine identification methods was reviewed in this paper.

Analysis on the traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and Six-Meridian Pattern Identification of coronavirus disease 2019

Zhongjing Zhang’s Shang Han Lun(Treatise on Cold-induced Diseases,an ancient Chinese medical book written by Zhongjing Zhang in the Eastern Han Dynasty)was pioneering to conduct the Six-Meridian Pattern Identification,which provided later generations with a theoretical basis for the treatment of Exogenous Febrile Diseases.The coronavirus disease 2019 belongs to the category of“Pestilence”(the general term for virulent infectious epidemic diseases)in“Febrile Diseases”(the general term for acute externally contracted diseases caused by Warm Pathogens,with fever as the chief manifestation,also known as Warm Diseases)and the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 is mostly based on the Triple Energizer Pattern Identification(the a categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Triple Energizer)or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification(the categorization of Febrile Diseases Pattern Identification according to the theory of Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood which indicates the stages of the clinical course with corresponding pathological changes).Although the theory of Cold-induced Diseases(the condition caused by Cold,manifested as chills and fever,absence of sweating,headache and floating-tense pulse)and the theory of Febrile Disease seem to be entirely distinct with each other,Zhongjing Zhang’s theory contained Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification,and Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification also contained Zhongjing Zhang’s Six-Meridian Pattern Identification(the categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Six Meridians,applied to the diagnosis of acute Febrile Diseases at different stages,and also useful for the Pattern Identification of other diseases).The basic principles and therapeutic methods of Cold-induced Diseases and Febrile Diseases are intertwined.Therefore,this paper will combine the two theories to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019,and try to use Six-Meridian Pattern Identification to guide the treatment of this disease.

Perspectives in application of biosensors for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine

Biosensor is an instrument which is sensitive to biological material and converts its concentration into electrical signals.Organisms such as enzymes, antibodies, tissues, cells and so on can selectively identify specific substances. Thesemolecular recognition functions can be combined with the target, such as the binding of antibodies and antigens, and thebinding of enzymes to the substrate through the recognition process. Biosensor has the advantages of high specificity,high sensitivity, fast reaction speed, low cost and easy operation. It has wide application prospect in food, pharmacy,chemical industry, clinical examination, biomedicine, environmental monitoring and so on, especially as a newtechnology means, in the field of modern herbal medicine research influence. Studies have demonstrated that thebiosensing technology has been applied to, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） targets, isolation and purification ofTCM, the mechanism of TCM, quality control of TCM, the active ingredients detection of TCM and other basicresearches. Biosensor technology has made an important contribution to the research of modern herbal medicine, and hasbecome a Hot-spot in future research.

ETCM v2.0:An update with comprehensive resource and rich annotations for traditional Chinese medicine

Existing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related databases are still insufficient in data standardization,integrity and precision,and need to be updated urgently.Herein,an Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine version 2.0(ETCM v2.0,http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM2/front/#/)was constructed as the latest curated database hosting 48,442 TCM formulas recorded by ancient Chinese medical books,9872 Chinese patent drugs,2079 Chinese medicinal materials and 38,298 ingredients.To facilitate the mechanistic research and new drug discovery,we improved the target identification method based on a two-dimensional ligand similarity search module,which provides the confirmed and/or potential targets of each ingredient,as well as their binding activities.Importantly,five TCM formulas/Chinese patent drugs/herbs/ingredients with the highest Jaccard similarity scores to the submitted drugs are offered in ETCM v2.0,which may be of significance to identify prescriptions/herbs/ingredients with similar clinical efficacy,to summarize the rules of prescription use,and to find alternative drugs for endangered Chinese medicinal materials.Moreover,ETCM v2.0 provides an enhanced Java Script-based network visualization tool for creating,modifying and exploring multi-scale biological networks.ETCM v2.0 may be a major data warehouse for the quality marker identification of TCMs,the TCM-derived drug discovery and repurposing,and the pharmacological mechanism investigation of TCMs against various human diseases.

Inter-observer Reliability of Indicators and Decision of Pattern Identification Using Diagnostic Flowchart with Traditional Korean Medicine

Objective： To evaluate the consistency of patterns and pattern identification（PI）, and the improvement in the diagnosis of blood stasis after the standard operating procedures（SOPs） were enhanced by using a diagnostic flowchart. Methods： A total of 358 subjects who were admitted by the Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine between June 2013 and December 2014 were included in the study. Each patient was independently diagnosed by two experts from the same department. In 2014, the SOPs included the use of a diagnostic flowchart for each indicator. Inter-observer consistency was assessed by simple percent agreement and by the kappa and AC1 statistics. Results： The improvements in inter-observer agreement for the indicators（for al patients） and PI were greater in 2014 than in 2013. In 2013, the j-value measure of agreement between the two experts ranged from ＂poor＂（κ=–0.051） to ＂good＂（κ=0.968）. The AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was generally high for the indicators and ranged from –0.010 to 0.978. In most cases, agreement was considerably lower when it was assessed by the j-values compared with the AC1 values. In 2014, the j-value measure of agreement on the indicators（for the subjects） general y ranged from poor to good, with the values ranging from –0.007 to 0.994. Moreover, the AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was general y high for al of the indicators and ranged from ＂moderate＂（AC1=0.408） to ＂excel ent＂（AC1=0.996）. Conclusions： In four examinations, there was moderate agreement between the clinicians on the PI indicators of blood stasis. To improve clinician consistency（e.g., in the diagnostic criteria used）, it is necessary to analyse the reasons for inconsistency and to improve clinician training.（Trial registration No. KCT0000916）

基于BERTopic与CiteSpace的中国中医药领域研究热点与主题演化分析

目的/意义 梳理近10年中国中医药领域文献,阐述该领域热点主题与发展趋势。方法/过程 检索2013-2022年万方数据平台中医药领域研究文献,以摘要为研究对象,利用BERTopic模型抽取主题,并采用CiteSpace进行可视化分析。结果/结论 纳入中文文献12 683篇,发现5个主题:临床试验与疗效、病机与药理研究、中医药领域发展、慢病治疗、药物分析与文献研究。对其中热度持续增长的中医药领域发展主题深入分析,提出人工智能与中医药领域的深度融合是未来趋势。

基于化学成分信息“数字身份证”的中药材鉴定策略探索

目的:针对当前无法对未知样品进行快速“盲检”鉴定药材的情况,提出中药材化学成分信息“数字身份证”鉴定策略,以期实现未知药材的鉴定分析。方法:基于数学分析法和实证研究法,确定鉴定步骤:(1)利用UHPLC-QTOF-MS对多批次药材进行分析;(2)经数字量化,提取多批次药材的共有离子;(3)根据离子强度输出top-N个离子信息分别作为不同药材的“数字身份证”;(4)以上述“数字身份证”为基准,通过保留时间、质荷比、离子强度进行样品的匹配鉴定,反馈匹配可信度(Matching Credibility,MC)。结果:通过数学分析和实证研究表明,基于化学成分信息“数字身份证”的中药材鉴定策略是切实可行的。在该策略下,9种药材可被快速准确地鉴定。结论:基于化学成分信息“数字身份证”的中药材鉴定策略有助于实现未知中药材的鉴定分析,可用于中药材的非靶向鉴定。

基于六经辨证探讨颈椎病的防治

颈椎病是临床常见病之一,通过药物、功能康复等,在一定程度上可缓解患者的临床症状。六经辨证是中医诊疗疾病的方法论,是中医辨证施治整体观的具体体现,通过六经辨证,医者可以准确地定位包括颈椎病在内的临床各类疾病的位置和病因,为临床诊疗提供更有针对性的方案。本文通过检索文献,探讨六经辨证理论在颈椎病防治中的应用,以期为临床诊疗提供一定的思路和方法。

孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病的经验探析

孙克伟教授在长期临床诊治中总结发现,多种肝病殊途同归,提出“补脾土,疏肝解郁”“逐湿邪,热无所依”“补先天,解毒袪邪”“调气血,瘀滞得化”“温脾阳,截断逆挽”的学术经验,临床应用效果显著。该文将从以上五法探析孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病经验,旨在为肝病中医诊疗提供参考和借鉴。

中草药栽培与鉴定专业实践教学体系优化研究

本文从师资力量、教学平台、教学体系和教学考核4个方面为切入点,研究了中草药栽培与鉴定专业实践教学模式现状。提出提升师资力量,打造教学平台,构建教学体系,以及建立考核评价机制等优化措施,并探索构建凸显中药特色“一核心、两阶段、三单元、四确保”的实践教学体系,阐述其体系优化改革的实践与思考。以全方位、多角度促进学生综合素质的提高,为中医药发展培养高素质复合型中药农业人才奠定基础。

基于高分辨质谱的中药学本科实验课程教学探索

中药制剂是由多种中药配伍组成的,是一个复杂的分子体系,其分析鉴定工作存在较大难度。高效液相色谱与高分辨质谱联用系统(HPLC-HRMS)在中药复方的定性研究中发挥着重要作用。本论文通过探索将高分辨液相色谱质谱联用系统应用到中药学本科生实验教学实践中,建立了对中药制剂参松养心胶囊中5种特征性成分进行鉴定的实验教学方法。使学生了解高分辨质谱在中药制剂分析和鉴定中的重要应用,开阔了本校中药学专业本科生的科研视野,提高了学生对仪器分析的理解,对培养高素质高水平的药学本科生起到了积极作用。

Integrating ancient and modern approaches to traditional Chinese medicinal authentication

Authentication is a key component of quality control,and the quality of Chinese medicinal materials directly impacts clinical efficacy.Chinese medicinal quality control is an important concern of the wider community,and it is intricately connected to the future and development of Chinese medicine.Macroscopic identification has been used for thousands of years in Chinese medicine,and it continues to be effective for resolving important issues related to quality control in the modern-day.However,new challenges have emerged for macroscopic identification.For example,new botanical varieties have emerged,with differences in macroscopic features related to cultivated vs.wild materials.Changes in processing methods and cultivation techniques also affect these features.Consequently,continual progress and innovation in Chinese medicinal authentication methods are needed.Macroscopic identification is based on organoleptic assessment,microscopy,and research of ancient texts,such as the Bencao.In addition to collecting information from traditional experience-based differentiation,innovation can take advantage of new technologies that can provide even more detailed,precise information about morphology.In the present review,we summarized inheritance and innovation in the scientific exposition of Chinese medicinal authentication,featuring a review of specialized publications,description of the establishment of a Chinese medicine specimen center and Chinese Medicine digital project,the expansion of authentication technologies,and the formation of a cultural project dedicated to the Compendium of Materia Medica.

“中药鉴定学”亳州实习的几点思考

为了培养具有较强实践动手能力和科研创新能力的中药鉴定人才,针对学习中出现的知识点多、学习吃力、兴趣不高、内容烦琐等各种问题,通过教学改革,即加强理论教学,提升学生的学习兴趣,让学生喜欢中药鉴别;举办中药材讲解班,培养学生的学习能力和信心;引进中药故事,点燃学生学习的兴趣;积极投身教学标本和扩充药材标本馆,增强学生的学习信心;建设中药材网站,鼓励学生自主学习。通过教师和学生的结合,实现教学相长,让学生主动学习,为社会培养合格的人才。

基于MATLAB的中药炮制色质客观化辨识技术研究

中药炮制过程中中药色质与成分含量、药材质量之间存在一定的关系,提出一种基于MATLAB图像处理的中药炮制色质的客观化辨识技术与鉴别方法。首先,利用MATLAB对大量选定的中药图片进行图像分割,提取药材的RGB、HSX、Lab等特征值,并通过GUI界面显示,最终实现中药材炮制程度和药材分类和质量鉴别的目的。研究显示,利用图像处理技术能够快速进行中药特征提取与显示,对不同炮制方式的姜类有很好的区别。结果表明,利用图像处理技术与色度值能够有效提高中药材炮制色质辨识的效率和直观性,为中医药现代化发展提供技术支持。

传统经验鉴定法应用于中药饮片鉴定中的效果

目的对中药饮片采用传统经验鉴定法取得的鉴定效果进行探究。方法研究时间为2023年1—11月;研究对象为中药饮片,包括茯苓、杜仲、松贝、西洋参、西红花、黄连、天麻、柴胡、乳香、车前子、鸡血藤、蛤蚧。比较传统经验鉴定法与现代鉴定结果的鉴定准确率。结果传统经验鉴定法与现代鉴定法相比较,中药饮片鉴定准确率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论中药饮片鉴定中使用传统经验鉴定法与现代鉴定法,在准确率方面相当,相关人员可以根据实际工作需要选择合适的鉴定方法。

神经环路鉴定技术在中医药脑科学领域的应用

神经环路是由不同神经元组成的复杂网络,是大脑功能实现的物质载体。神经环路鉴定技术通过对特定神经环路的结构追踪及其活动操纵,研究其对脑功能的充分性和必要性,对理解脑疾病发病机制尤为关键。作为神经科学与脑科学领域的高新技术手段,近年来已被逐渐引入中医药领域基础研究。本综述系统性梳理神经环路鉴定技术的原理及其在中医药脑科学领域的应用研究进展,指出该领域后期发展方向应立足中医药特色整体观念和辨证论治展开设计。开展中医药多样化手段干预疾病的神经环路机制研究有助于促进中医药与现代脑科学的深度融合。

中医体质分类辨识技术的回顾和展望

中医体质理论寻求建立以“治未病”为基础思想的疾病预防体系,体质辨识效果直接影响后续的健康干预等措施。目前中医体质的主要辨识方法为量表法和医生四诊法,缺乏标准性和客观性。对现有中医体质辨识技术与中医体质辅助辨识技术进行整理与回顾,并在现有研究基础上,结合以深度学习为主的人工智能技术和多模态数据融合思想,对未来中医体质分类辨识技术的发展方向作出探讨与展望。

2D-LC/MS技术在中药分析中的应用

2D-LC/MS技术具有强大的分离能力和分辨率,且分析速度快、灵敏度高,能够提供化合物的精确质量数及碎片结构信息,可有效解决中药复杂体系中共洗脱及微量成分无法表征鉴定的问题,在中药分析领域具有良好的应用前景。本文简要综述了2D-LC/MS技术的特点及其在中药化学成分分析和鉴定中的应用,为今后2D-LC/MS技术在中药研究中发挥更大的作用提供参考。