现代远程教育系统中ILIAS3平台的研究及改进

讨论发展我国西部现代远程教育的紧迫性,并根据中国的教育国情对ILIAS3平台的一些特性进行了改进;在此基础上分析了我国西部现代远程教育系统平台———ILIAS3平台的软、硬件运行环境及系统的B S结构模式;最后阐述了西部现代远程教育系统的功能架构。

四款开源学习管理系统的对比与探究

文章从学习者的个性化设置、基本支持功能、学习支持工具以及学习者必备条件四方面对Moodle、Sakai、ILIAS、Claroline进行比较,帮助教师及管理员选择与开发适应学习者的需要的学习管理系统。

开源网络教学管理系统的体系结构与选择

结合目前国际上常见的五款开源网络教学管理系统,阐述了该类系统的一般体系结构和主要功能,从基本属性、技术特征、学习工具、开发工具、管理工具、评价工具和应用现状等七个维度入手,对系统进行了较为详尽的分析与比较,评述了这五款开源网络教学管理系统各自的优劣,并提出了系统选择应遵循的若干原则和参考建议,旨在推进教育信息化进程中能有更多的教育机构、管理人员、教师、学生和开发人员全面了解和分享开源网络教学管理软件成果,享受其所带来的经济性、开放性、民主性和可定制等诸多好处,以进一步提高信息化教学的质量。

Complete mitogenome of the Lesser Purple Emperor Apatura ilia(Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae:Apaturinae) and comparison with other nymphalid butterflies

The complete mitochondrial genome of Apatura ilia （GenBank accession no. JF437925） was determined as a circular DNA molecule of 15 242 bp, with common genes of 13 putative proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs and of the same gene arrangement as in other sequenced lepidopterans. All protein-coding genes had the typical start codon ATN, except for the COI＇s using CGA as its start codon as previously demonstrated in other lepidopteran species. The comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the A. ilia mitogenome with ten other Nymphalidae species showed nearly identical gene orientation and arrangement, with only a few alterations in non-coding fragments. The nucleotide composition and codon frequency all fell into the range estimated for the order Lepidoptera. The A. ilia mitochondrial genome had the canonical set of 22 tRNA genes folded in the typical cloverleaf structure, with an unique exception of tRNAs^r （AGN）. The mitochondrial genes from A. ilia were overlapped in a total of 33 bp at 9 locations, as well as interleaved with a total of 155 bp intergenic spacers, spread over 12 regions with the size ranging from 1 to 49 bp. Furthermore, the spacer between ND6 and Cyt b harbored a microsatellite-like repeat （TA）23 not found in other completely sequenced nymphalid genomes. The 403 bp AT-rich region harbored two conserved motifs （ATAGA, ATTTA）, a 21 bp polyT stretch, a 10 bp poly-A region, along with two microsatellite-like repeats （ （TA）10 and （TA）7）, as detected in other nymphalid butterflies.

Neurolin expression in the optic nerve and immunoreactivity of Pax6-positive niches in the brain of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) after unilateral eye injury

In contrast to astrocytes in mammals, fish astrocytes promote axon regeneration after brain injury and actively participate in the regeneration process. Neurolin, a regeneration-associated, Zn8-1abeled protein, is involved in the repair of damaged optic nerve in goldfish. At 1 week after unilateral eye injury, the ex- pression of neurolin in the optic nerve and chiasm, and the expression of Pax6 that influences nervous system development in various brain regions in the rainbow trout （Oncorhynchus mykiss） were detected. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the number of Zn8~ cells in the optic nerve head and intraor- bital segment was obviously increased, and the increase in Zn8~ cells was also observed in the proximal and distal parts of injured optic nerve. This suggests that Zn8＊ astrocytes participate in optic nerve regeneration. ELISA results revealed that Pax6 protein increased obviously at 1 week post-injury. Immunohistochemi- cal staining revealed the appearance of Pax6＋ neurogenic niches and a larger number of neural precursor cells, which are mainly from Pax6＋ radial glia cells, in the nuclei of the diencephalon and optic tectum of rainbow trout （Oncorhynchus mykiss）. Taken together, unilateral eye injury can cause optic nerve reaction, and the formation of neurogenic niches is likely a compensation phenomenon during the repair process of optic nerve injury in rainbow trout （Oncorhynchus mykiss）.

Role of platelet TLR4 expression in pathogensis of septic thrombocytopenia

BACKGROUND： Infection-induced thrombocytopenia （TCP） is an independent risk factor for death of patients with sepsis, but its mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of TCP based on the relationship between TLR4 expression and platelet activation in septic patients. METHODS： A total of 64 patients with sepsis were prospectively studied. Platelet count （PC）, mean platelet volume （MPV）, platelet distribution width （PDW）, platelet TLR4 expression, platelet PAC-1 expression, sCD40L and TNF-a concentrations were compared between the healthy control group （15 volunteers） and sepsis group （64 patients） at admission and on the 3, 5, and 9 days after admission. The changes of MPV and PDW in the TCP and non-TCP subgroups of sepsis before and after treatment were recorded. Prognostic index was analyzed. RESULTS：PC was lower in the sepsis group （P=0.006）, and MPV and PDW were higher in the sepsis group than those in the healthy control group （P=0.046, P=0.001）. Platelet TLR4 and PAC-1 expressions, and sCD40L and TNF-a levels increased more significantly in the sepsis group （P〈0.001）. PAC-1 expression and TNF-a level were higher in the TCP group than in the non-TCP group before and after treatment （P=0.023, P=0.011）. sCD40L concentration and platelet TLR4 expression were significantly higher in the treated TCP group than in the non-TCP group （P=0.047, P=0.001）. Compared to the non-TCP group, the rate of bleeding was higher （P=0.024） and the length of ICU stay was longer （P=0.013）. The APACHE II score and the 28-day mortality were higher in the TCP group （P〈0.01, P=0.048）. CONCLUSIONS：The elevation of platelet TLR4 expression in sepsis along with platelet activation is closely related to the incidence of thrombocytopenia. The occurrence of TCP is a sign of poor prognosis in sepsis patients.

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Batifiban Coadministered with Antithrombin Agents in Chinese Healthy Volunteers

The combined use of batifiban, a synthetic platelet GP II b/IIIa receptor antagonist, and an- tithrombin agents is an attractive option for the treatment of patients with non-ST-segment elevation （NSTE） acute coronary syndrome （ACS） and those scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention. To observe whether antithrombin agents affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of batifiban in combination therapy and optimize clinical administration dosage of batifiban, an open-label and parallel study was conducted. Thirty healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups, which were sequentially treated with batifiban alone, or oral coadministration of clopidogrel, aspirin and UFH, or batifiban coadministered with these antithrombin agents. Blood samples were collected at pre-specified time points. The evaluation index included the inhibition of platelet aggregation and pharmacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameters of batifiban and batifiban coadministered with antithrombin agents showed no significant differences. The mean inhibition rate of platelet aggre- gation （%） suggested that neither batifiban alone nor antithrombin agents alone could provide such po- tent inhibition rate （〉80%） to obtain the best clinical efficacy, but they had a synergistic effect on plate- let inhibition. No serious adverse effects were observed. The results in these healthy subjects suggest that batifiban coadministrated with antithrombin agents could achieve optimum clinical treatment effect for patients with NSTE ACS, and also those scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention.

Fcγ receptor IIIA polymorphisms and efficacy of rituximab therapy on Chinese diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Background Rituximab is used extensively in combination with chemotherapy to cure non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma （NHL）, and not only accelerates short-term improvement, but also prolongs patient survival and decreases relapse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Fcγ receptor IliA （FcyRIIIA） gene polymorphisms on the response to rituximab therapy for newly diagnosed B-cell lymphomas. Methods Patients with newly diagnosed histologically-proven CD20-positive B-cell lymphoma were eligible for the study. All of the patients received rituximab combined with chemotherapy （CHOP）. The FcyRIIIA type was analyzed by PCR. The initial efficacy was assessed after 6 cycles and the long-term survival was determined. Results Thirty-four patients were recruited between October 2005 and April 2006. The FcyRIIIA distribution was as follows： 11 patients were VV, 5 were FF, and 18 were VE After a median of 6 cycles （range 4-8） of rituximab combined chemotherapy, the overall response rate was 79% （82% in the VV group, 83% in the VF group, and 60% in the FF group; P=0.04）. After a median follow-up time of 37 months （range 34-41）, there were 12 relapses among 27 responders （44%）; 5 of 9 patients （5/9） in the VV group, 5 of 15 patients （33%） in the VF group, and 2 of 3 patients （2/3） in the FF group （P=0.21）. The 1-year overall survival in the VV, FF, and VF groups was 80%, 60%, and 80%, respectively, and the 3-year overall survival was 58%, 40%, and 69%, respectively （P=0.08）. After analysis by COX regression, only the international prognosis index and response to initial treatment were significantly related to overall survival. Conclusions The distribution of FcyRIIIA polymorphisms in this B-cell lymphoma population shows that VF is most frequently expressed, followed by VV and FE Patients with the FcyRIIIA VV and VF types are more sensitive to the initial treatment of rituximab combined with chemotherapy and have superior long-term survival compared with those with FF. Nevertheless, FcyRIIIA polymorphisms do not predict prognosis independently.