Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape is prominent for its potential wildlife resources, which play a key role in sustaining the economy and livelihoods of the people. However, most of these resources are illegally obtained and...Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape is prominent for its potential wildlife resources, which play a key role in sustaining the economy and livelihoods of the people. However, most of these resources are illegally obtained and traded in different places within and outside the Ruaha landscape. Due to its illegal nature, most of the important information regarding the trade is poorly documented. Therefore, the current study aimed first, to explore the origin and destination of wildlife products;second, to assess the relationship between hunters and buyers or customers;third, to assess the means used to transport wildlife products;and lastly, to assess who influences people to engage in illegal hunting and trade activities. In addition, we assess the materials used in the exchange of wildlife products. Semi-structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect information from 123 respondents. Social network analysis was used to indicate the origin and destination of wildlife products. The findings show that 70% of wildlife products originate from the Ruaha National Park and MBOMIPA wildlife management areas, with the remaining 30% originating from villages. The majority of respondents (65%) reported transporting wildlife products by foot and bicycle as the primary modes of transportation. Suppliers of wildlife products are reported to have close and long-term relationships with their customers and traders, with most of whom being friends and relatives. We found most poachers to be influenced by their friends and relatives in terms making decision to engage in illegal wildlife trade. In addition, crops like maize and rice were the most popular products used to exchange with wildlife products in the Ruaha landscape. Therefore, in order to combat illegal trade in wildlife products at the local level, alternative income-generating activities need to be promoted accompanied by not only well-funded anti-poaching programmes but also more effective surveillance plans. These should entail the use of advanced techniques and skills, such as wildlife forensics.展开更多
目的建立同时测定降糖类保健食品中非法添加盐酸二甲双胍、盐酸苯乙双胍、甲苯磺丁脲、格列吡嗪、格列齐特、马来酸罗格列酮、盐酸吡格列酮、格列本脲、格列美脲、格列喹酮和瑞格列奈11种化学药品含量的反相高效液相法。方法采用Agilent...目的建立同时测定降糖类保健食品中非法添加盐酸二甲双胍、盐酸苯乙双胍、甲苯磺丁脲、格列吡嗪、格列齐特、马来酸罗格列酮、盐酸吡格列酮、格列本脲、格列美脲、格列喹酮和瑞格列奈11种化学药品含量的反相高效液相法。方法采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-20mmol乙酸铵水溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0～4min:30%A;4～10min:30%A→50%A;10～30min:50%A→70%A;30～35min:70%A;35～40min:70%A→85%A;40～45min:85%A;45～50min:85%A→30%A;50～60min:30%A),流速为0.8mL/min,紫外检测波长230nm。柱温35℃。结果在50min内可同时分离检测11种成分,11种对照品的浓度在1～50μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,均r>0.9995,平均回收率均在96.0%～104.0%。结论该方法简便、准确、稳定、重现性好,可用于该类保健食品中非法添加化学药品的定量检测。展开更多
文摘Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape is prominent for its potential wildlife resources, which play a key role in sustaining the economy and livelihoods of the people. However, most of these resources are illegally obtained and traded in different places within and outside the Ruaha landscape. Due to its illegal nature, most of the important information regarding the trade is poorly documented. Therefore, the current study aimed first, to explore the origin and destination of wildlife products;second, to assess the relationship between hunters and buyers or customers;third, to assess the means used to transport wildlife products;and lastly, to assess who influences people to engage in illegal hunting and trade activities. In addition, we assess the materials used in the exchange of wildlife products. Semi-structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect information from 123 respondents. Social network analysis was used to indicate the origin and destination of wildlife products. The findings show that 70% of wildlife products originate from the Ruaha National Park and MBOMIPA wildlife management areas, with the remaining 30% originating from villages. The majority of respondents (65%) reported transporting wildlife products by foot and bicycle as the primary modes of transportation. Suppliers of wildlife products are reported to have close and long-term relationships with their customers and traders, with most of whom being friends and relatives. We found most poachers to be influenced by their friends and relatives in terms making decision to engage in illegal wildlife trade. In addition, crops like maize and rice were the most popular products used to exchange with wildlife products in the Ruaha landscape. Therefore, in order to combat illegal trade in wildlife products at the local level, alternative income-generating activities need to be promoted accompanied by not only well-funded anti-poaching programmes but also more effective surveillance plans. These should entail the use of advanced techniques and skills, such as wildlife forensics.
文摘目的建立同时测定降糖类保健食品中非法添加盐酸二甲双胍、盐酸苯乙双胍、甲苯磺丁脲、格列吡嗪、格列齐特、马来酸罗格列酮、盐酸吡格列酮、格列本脲、格列美脲、格列喹酮和瑞格列奈11种化学药品含量的反相高效液相法。方法采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-20mmol乙酸铵水溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0～4min:30%A;4～10min:30%A→50%A;10～30min:50%A→70%A;30～35min:70%A;35～40min:70%A→85%A;40～45min:85%A;45～50min:85%A→30%A;50～60min:30%A),流速为0.8mL/min,紫外检测波长230nm。柱温35℃。结果在50min内可同时分离检测11种成分,11种对照品的浓度在1～50μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,均r>0.9995,平均回收率均在96.0%～104.0%。结论该方法简便、准确、稳定、重现性好,可用于该类保健食品中非法添加化学药品的定量检测。
