The current standard for measuring tumor response using X-ray, CT and MRI is based on the response evaluation criterion in solid tumors (RECIST) which, while providing simplifications over previous (WHO) 2-D methods, ...The current standard for measuring tumor response using X-ray, CT and MRI is based on the response evaluation criterion in solid tumors (RECIST) which, while providing simplifications over previous (WHO) 2-D methods, stipulate four response categories: CR (complete response), PR (partial response), PD (progressive disease), SD (stable disease) based purely on percentage changes without consideration of any measurement uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a statistical procedure for tumor response assessment based on uncertainty measures of radiologist’s measurement data. We present several variance estimation methods using time series methods and empirical Bayes methods when a small number of serial observations are available on each member of a group of subjects. We use a publically available database which contains a set of over 100 CT scan images on 23 patients with annotated RECIST measurements by two radiologist readers. We show that despite of bias in each individual reader’s measurements, statistical decisions on tumor change can be made on each individual subject. The consistency of the two readers can be established based on the intra-reader change assessments. Our proposal compares favorably with the RECIST standard protocol, raising the hope that, statistically sound decision on change analysis can be made in future based on careful variability and measurement uncertainty analysis.展开更多
本文介绍了一种微机控制的激光打标的系统软什设计和实践;采用面向对象的分析和设计方法,程序由VB和VC混合编写,主要包含图形文件的处理、插补运算,屏幕显示以及并口输出几个模块,端口的输出部分编译成动态链接库DLL(Dynamic Link Libra...本文介绍了一种微机控制的激光打标的系统软什设计和实践;采用面向对象的分析和设计方法,程序由VB和VC混合编写,主要包含图形文件的处理、插补运算,屏幕显示以及并口输出几个模块,端口的输出部分编译成动态链接库DLL(Dynamic Link Library)供VB程序调用,可实现用画图板、Photoshop等工具随意制作不同字体、不同字号的文字和图形,都可以转换为打标扫描文件,系统还编辑了支持3B文件、bmp、jpg、gif等多种格式的软件,交互性极强;软件驱动激光打标运转良好,具有打标精度高、运行稳定性好等优点。展开更多
文摘The current standard for measuring tumor response using X-ray, CT and MRI is based on the response evaluation criterion in solid tumors (RECIST) which, while providing simplifications over previous (WHO) 2-D methods, stipulate four response categories: CR (complete response), PR (partial response), PD (progressive disease), SD (stable disease) based purely on percentage changes without consideration of any measurement uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a statistical procedure for tumor response assessment based on uncertainty measures of radiologist’s measurement data. We present several variance estimation methods using time series methods and empirical Bayes methods when a small number of serial observations are available on each member of a group of subjects. We use a publically available database which contains a set of over 100 CT scan images on 23 patients with annotated RECIST measurements by two radiologist readers. We show that despite of bias in each individual reader’s measurements, statistical decisions on tumor change can be made on each individual subject. The consistency of the two readers can be established based on the intra-reader change assessments. Our proposal compares favorably with the RECIST standard protocol, raising the hope that, statistically sound decision on change analysis can be made in future based on careful variability and measurement uncertainty analysis.
文摘本文介绍了一种微机控制的激光打标的系统软什设计和实践;采用面向对象的分析和设计方法,程序由VB和VC混合编写,主要包含图形文件的处理、插补运算,屏幕显示以及并口输出几个模块,端口的输出部分编译成动态链接库DLL(Dynamic Link Library)供VB程序调用,可实现用画图板、Photoshop等工具随意制作不同字体、不同字号的文字和图形,都可以转换为打标扫描文件,系统还编辑了支持3B文件、bmp、jpg、gif等多种格式的软件,交互性极强;软件驱动激光打标运转良好,具有打标精度高、运行稳定性好等优点。
