Adaptive Kalman Filtering Approach of Color Noise in Cephalometeric Image

A kind of adaptive color noise Kalman filtering approach based on the correlative method of the system output is proposed to solve the cephalometric images of stomatology. This approach builds the color noise Kalman filtering model by adopting the equivalent measurement equation in order to aviod complicated computation and expansion of the dimension of the filter. It is also unnecessary to know the variance of measurement noise beforehand so that it is closer to the actual situation. The results of several experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and good performance of this approach.

Image edge detection based on beamlet transform

Combining beamlet transform with steerable filters, a new edge detection method based on line gradient is proposed. Compared with operators based on point local properties, the edge-detection results with this method achieve higher SNR and position accuracy, and are quite helpful for image registration, object identification, etc. Some edge-detection experiments on optical and SAR images that demonstrate the significant improvement over classical edge operators axe also presented. Moreover, the template matching result based on edge information of optical reference image and SAR image also proves the validity of this method.

Performance Analysis of Image Smoothing Techniques on a New Fractional Convolution Mask for Image Edge Detection

We present the analysis of three independent and most widely used image smoothing techniques on a new fractional based convolution edge detector originally constructed by same authors for image edge analysis. The implementation was done using only Gaussian function as its smoothing function based on predefined assumptions and therefore did not scale well for some types of edges and noise. The experiments conducted on this mask using known images with realistic geometry suggested the need for image smoothing adaptation to obtain a more optimal performance. In this paper, we use the structural similarity index measure and show that the adaptation technique for choosing smoothing function has significant advantages over a single function implementation. The new adaptive fractional based convolution mask can smoothly find edges of various types in detail quite significantly. The method can now trap both local discontinuities in intensity and its derivatives as well as locating Dirac edges.

Removing Random-Valued Impulse Noises by a Two-Staged Nonlinear Filtering Method

Digital images are frequently contaminated by impulse noise(IN)during acquisition and transmission.The removal of this noise from images is essential for their further processing.In this paper,a two-staged nonlinear filtering algorithm is proposed for removing random-valued impulse noise(RVIN)from digital images.Noisy pixels are identified and corrected in two cascaded stages.The statistics of two subsets of nearest neighbors are employed as the criterion for detecting noisy pixels in the first stage,while directional differences are adopted as the detector criterion in the second stage.The respective adaptive median values are taken as the replacement values for noisy pixels in each stage.The performance of the proposed method was compared with that of several existing methods.The experimental results show that the performance of the suggested algorithm is superior to those of the compared methods in terms of noise removal,edge preservation,and processing time.

Analysis on the Application of Image Processing Technology in Clothing Pattern Recognition

A clothing pattern is a significant embodiment of regional culture and national characteristics.The recognition of clothing patterns could be realized objectively and accurately by using digital image processing technology.The researches on the extraction techniques of various pattern elements were compared and analyzed.Then the researches on clothing pattern color,outline and fabric texture extraction were summarized.And the core technology chain model of clothing pattern extraction was constructed.The research status,the core technology and the development trend of pattern element extraction technology based on two-dimensional images were obtained.What’s more,a reference for the follow-up research of clothing patterns and the technology upgrading of textile and clothing industries were provided.

Improved image filter based on SPCNN

By extraction of the thoughts of non-linear model and adaptive model match, an improved Nagao filter is brought. Meanwhile a technique based on simplified pulse coupled neural network and used for noise positioning, is put forward. Combining the two methods above, we acquire a new method that can restore images corrupted by salt and pepper noise. Experiments show that this method is more preferable than other popular ones, and still works well while noise density fluctuates severely.

用混沌振子和Kalman滤波检测强分形噪声中的弱信号

针对强分形噪声中微弱信号难于检测这一问题,提出了小波域多尺度模糊自适应Kalman滤波和Duffing振子相结合的方法。先对淹没在强分形噪声中的信号进行多尺度小波变换,根据分形噪声信号小波系数的平稳性,建立状态方程和观测方程,用模糊自适应Kalman滤波,对每一尺度估计出分形信号,然后将估计信号与观测信号作差得误差信号,把误差信号送入Duffing振子,利用Duffing振子对噪声的免疫性,来检测微弱信号。也给出了Duffing振子的免疫性一种新的统计解释。仿真实验结果表明:该方法能在低信噪比和低信干比下有效地检测出淹没在强分形噪声中的微弱谐波信号。

基于Kalman滤波算法的电网故障行波检测方法

行波检测是电网故障行波定位与行波保护技术的关键。为提高在含噪环境下行波检测的准确度与可靠性,本文提出了一种基于Kalman滤波算法的电网故障行波信号检测方法。该算法首先对电网电流信号进行分析,选取基波以及各次谐波作为状态变量建立状态空间,在此状态空间中利用Kalman滤波算法,实现对电网故障电流信号的预估及校正;由此得出校正后的电网电流信号幅值,利用幅值的奇异点进行行波检测分析,记录行波的到达时刻。仿真分析表明,Kalman滤波算法在不同的故障条件下均可准确检测出行波信号;在含噪声情况下和微弱信号下,相比于Hilbert-Huang变换和小波变换,Kalman滤波算法能有效提高电网故障行波定位的准确度与可靠性。

基于改进LOG算子的雷达图像边缘检测算法

雷达图像中固定地物杂波的边缘轮廓对运动目标检测有重要作用.针对传统的高斯-拉普拉斯(LOG)边缘检测算法在对雷达图像进行边缘检测时对噪声敏感,易影响图像边缘轮廓信息的提取问题,提出了一种改进的LOG边缘检测算法.首先采用改进的均值滤波和双边滤波对图像进行平滑去噪;然后用拉普拉斯算子计算二阶方向导数,计算零交叉点得到图像的边缘位置信息,从而获得连续、完整的地物边缘轮廓;最后对雷达图像采用原始LOG和本文改进的LOG算法进行了对比实验.实验结果表明,在强地物杂波环境下,与原始LOG算法相比,改进的LOG算法提高了边缘的检测精度,改善了图像边缘连续性,从而可提高雷达目标的检测概率.

基于小波变换的自适应Kalman滤波算法研究

针对组合导航系统中Kalman滤波在实际工程应用中的不足,以惯性/卫星组合导航系统为背景,提出小波变换技术对量测噪声方差阵进行直接调控的滤波算法。介绍Kalman滤波原理,根据小波变换在时域和频域都有良好的局部化性质,检测量测噪声的变化,实时调整自适应因子,间接改变Kalman滤波器的当前观测和过去信息的比例关系。仿真结果表明:该算法对噪声干扰有较强的自适应性,能有效抑制滤波发散,提高系统的精度和鲁棒性。

1／f分形噪声的一种多尺度Kalman滤波方法

针对淹没在1／f分形噪声中的有用信号恢复问题,提出了一种基于小波变换与Kalman滤波的多尺度滤波算法。首先将带有1／f分形噪声的信号分解成多尺度的子带信号,通过小波变换对1／f分形噪声的白化作用,消除了1／f分形噪声的自相似性和长程相关性。然后在小波域内,利用Kalman滤波实现了噪声和有用信号的分离,估计出了各子带中的有用信号。最后进行小波重构,较好地恢复出淹没在1／f分形噪声中的有用信号。仿真实验表明,使用多尺度Kalman滤波器能有效地抑制分形噪声,显著地提高了信噪比。

基于Camshift和Kalman滤波的自动跟踪算法

针对传统的Camshift算法在跟踪时需要手动定位目标,在颜色干扰、遮挡等复杂背景中容易跟丢目标的问题,提出了一种基于Camshift和Kalman滤波的自动跟踪算法。首先利用帧间差分法和Canny边缘检测法分割出运动目标的完整区域,然后用提取出的目标区域初始化Camshift算法的初始搜索窗口,从而实现了目标的自动跟踪。当背景中存在相似颜色干扰或者目标被严重遮挡时,采用Kalman滤波与Camshift算法相结合的改进算法进行跟踪。实验结果表明,本文改进算法在目标被严重遮挡、颜色干扰等情况下仍能有效、稳健地跟踪。

低信噪比地震数据图像结构引导去噪方法与应用

地震噪声影响着复杂断裂结构与储层的刻画,有效压制噪声并保留地震资料中的结构信息,是解释性处理的关键。基于保边光滑原理,在地震数据处理中提出并引入图像结构引导滤波方法,实现自适应地保留断层、裂缝以及储层反射等关键信息并有效压制散射与随机噪声,提高地震数据信噪比。正演模拟数据的去噪试验结果表明,相比常规滤波方法,图像结构引导滤波方法具有更好的保边光滑特性;与构造导向滤波方法相比,该方法不需显式提取层位走向和倾角信息,具有较高的计算效率。实际三维资料的应用结果表明,该方法能有效压制不同类型噪声、提高信噪比和有效反射同相轴的连续性;处理后对应的相干属性可有效增强断裂、储层的分辨能力,更好地描述断裂系统的展布,有利于后续地震资料解释工作。

高密度椒盐噪声下混合滤波新方法

图像在采集、传输和处理过程中,易受环境、器材及处理方法的影响,不可避免地会产生不同程度的噪声。当噪声密度超过50%时,噪点信息在图像信息中占据主导地位,一般的中值滤波、均值滤波或自适应滤波等单一滤波方式存在着消除噪声的同时滤除了图像自身细节的问题,导致图像不清晰,滤波效果较差。由此提出高密度椒盐噪声下混合滤波新方法,采取降噪、去噪、强化边缘三个层级混合滤波,最后用噪声密度达到80%的图像进行测试验证,有效地滤除了噪声,恢复了图像的细节信息,得到了很好的效果。

一种采用改进Canny算子的机械臂识别与定位算法设计

为进一步提高机械臂图像处理的精确度,文中在改进Canny算子的基础上,提出一种适用于机械臂视觉伺服的图像识别与定位算法。该算法利用张正友标定法、灰度化、滤波及阈值分割等方法,完成了精确的相机标定和图像预处理,并在此基础上通过改进传统的Canny算子,降低了图像处理中边缘检测算法的检测误差,从而有效提高了机械臂的目标识别与定位精度。仿真实验结果表明,与传统算法相比,基于改进Canny算子的识别及定位算法具有更高的处理精度和更快的执行速度。

自适应Kalman滤波器在红外夜视跟踪系统中的研究

针对红外夜视系统背景较复杂,直角坐标系下的卡尔曼滤波容易发散,且影响滤波精度的特点,在分析自适应卡尔曼滤波算法优缺点的基础上,提出了一种针对红外夜视系统目标跟踪的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,此算法利用投影分析法获得目标位置坐标.还对虚拟噪声进行估计,补偿系统的线性误差,消减系统观测误差,并对算法进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,该算法提高了滤波的稳定性和精确度,具有很好的优越性.

Effect of Cut-Off Frequency of Butterworth Filter on Detectability and Contrast of Hot and Cold Regions in Tc-99m SPECT

In SPECT, noise is one of the major limitations that degrade image quality. To suppress the noisy signals in an image, digital filters are most commonly applied. However, in SPECT image reconstruction, selection of an appropriate filter and its functions has always remained a difficult task. In this work an attempt was made to investigate the effects of varying cut-off frequencies and in keeping the order of Butterworth filter constant on detectability and contrast of hot and cold re-gions images. A new insert simulating hot and cold regions which provides similar views in a reconstructed image was placed in the phantom’s cylindrical source tank and imaged. Tc-99m radionuclide was distributed uniformly in the phantom. SPECT data were collected in a 20% energy window centered at 140 keV by a Philips ADAC Forte dual head gamma camera mounted with a LEHR collimator. Images were generated by using the filtered backprojection technique. A Butterworth filter of order 5 with cut-off frequencies 0.35 and 0.45 cycles·cm-1 was applied. Images were examined in terms of hot and cold regions, detectability and contrast. Results show that the hot and cold regions’ detectability and contrast vary with the change of cut-off frequency. With a 0.45 cycles·cm-1 cut-off frequency, a significant enhancement in contrast of cold regions was achieved as compared to a 0.35 cycles·cm-1 cut-off frequency. Furthermore, the detectability of hot and cold regions improved with the use of a 0.45 cycles·cm-1 cut-off frequency. In conclusion, image quality of hot and cold regions affected in a different way with a change of cut-off frequency. Thus, care should be taken in selecting the filter cut-off frequency prior to reconstruction of images;particularly, when both types of regions are expected in the reconstructed image.

Automatic extraction of foreground objects from Mars images

A novel method is proposed to automatically extract foreground objects from Martian surface images.The characteristics of Mars images are distinct,e.g.uneven illumination,low contrast between foreground and background,much noise in the background,and foreground objects with irregular shapes.In the context of these characteristics,an image is divided into foreground objects and background information.Homomorphism filtering is first applied to rectify brightness.Then,wavelet transformation enhances contrast and denoises the image.Third,edge detection and active contour are combined to extract contours regardless of the shape of the image.Experimental results show that the method can extract foreground objects from Mars images automatically and accurately,and has many potential applications.

雾天环境下前车车距测量方法研究

为解决雾天环境下道路上车辆与前车车距测量问题,构造车载雾天图像快速处理以及前车车距测量实验平台。以暗通道算法为基础,基于能见度图像分割算法估算大气光值,利用双边滤波细化折射率图,在分割区域上进行不同程度去雾,有效解决暗通道算法应用在道路图像上产生的色彩失真、对比度过低等问题。利用边缘检测算法、霍夫变换算法完成对车辆边框的检测,搭建测距模型测量出前方车辆的距离。结果表明,构造的平台能够在能见度小于100 m的浓雾环境下测量出前方车辆车距,并能及时告警。