Splicing factor proline and glutamine-rich is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with clinical pathologic features and immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.Splicing factor proline and glutamine-rich(SFPQ)is a multifunctional protein that controls various biological functions.As a potential therapeutic target and a promising prognostic indicator,the potential effects and processes of SFPQ in HCC require further investigation.Methods:The RNA sequencing data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus,International Cancer Genome Consortium,and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases to analyze SFPQ expression and differentially expressed genes(DEGs).We utilized the LinkedOmics database to identify co-expressed genes.A Venn diagram was constructed to determine the overlapping genes between the DEGs and the co-expressed genes.Functional enrichment analysis was performed on the overlapping genes and DEGs.Furthermore,our study involved functional enrichment analysis,a protein-protein interaction network analysis,and an analysis of immune cell infiltration.The cBioPortal and Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub were utilized to investigate the genetic alterations of SFPQ and the single-cell transcriptome visualization of the tumor microenvironment.A ceRNA network was established with the assistance of the ENCORI website.Finally,we elucidated the clinical significance of SFPQ in HCC by employing Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,univariate and multivariate Cox regression,and prognostic nomogram models.Results:The expression of SFPQ in HCC tissues was significantly elevated compared to normal tissues.GSEA results indicated that increased expression of SFPQ was associated with pathways related to HCC.The ceRNA network,including SFPQ,hsa-miR-101-3p,AC023043.4,AC124798.1,AC145207.5,and GSEC,was constructed with the assistance of ENCORI.High SFPQ expression was related to a poor prognosis in HCC and its subtypes.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that elevated SFPQ expression is an independent predictive factor.Conclusions:The overexpression of SFPQ may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker,indicating a poor prognosis in HCC.

Biological factors driving colorectal cancer metastasis

Approximately 20%of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients present with metastasis at diagnosis.Among Stage I-III CRC patients who undergo surgical resection,18%typically suffer from distal metastasis within the first three years following initial treatment.The median survival duration after the diagnosis of metastatic CRC(mCRC)is only 9 mo.mCRC is traditionally considered to be an advanced stage malignancy or is thought to be caused by incomplete resection of tumor tissue,allowing cancer cells to spread from primary to distant organs;however,increa-sing evidence suggests that the mCRC process can begin early in tumor development.CRC patients present with high heterogeneity and diverse cancer phenotypes that are classified on the basis of molecular and morphological alterations.Different genomic and nongenomic events can induce subclone diversity,which leads to cancer and metastasis.Throughout the course of mCRC,metastatic cascades are associated with invasive cancer cell migration through the circulatory system,extravasation,distal seeding,dormancy,and reactivation,with each step requiring specific molecular functions.However,cancer cells presenting neoantigens can be recognized and eliminated by the immune system.In this review,we explain the biological factors that drive CRC metastasis,namely,genomic instability,epigenetic instability,the metastatic cascade,the cancer-immunity cycle,and external lifestyle factors.Despite remarkable progress in CRC research,the role of molecular classification in therapeutic intervention remains unclear.This review shows the driving factors of mCRC which may help in identifying potential candidate biomarkers that can improve the diagnosis and early detection of mCRC cases.

Immunological disturbance effect of exogenous histamine towards key immune cells

Histamine in food has attracted widespread attention due to the potential toxicity and associated health risk.However,its influences on immunological components,especially the function of key immune cells,are still poorly known.In this work,we explored the effects of exogenous histamine on the function of key immune cells such as intestinal epithelial cells,dendritic cells,and T cells.The results showed that histamine could affect the expression of allergy-related genes in CMT93 cells at a high dose of histamine.Moreover,it’s found that histamine could cause an imbalance in the levels of relevant immune factors secreted by dendritic cells and T cells,especially those related to allergy.At the same time,the proportion of MHC class IIpositive dendritic cells and the proportion of T helper 2(Th2)cells in CD4^(+)T cells increased after histamine stimulation.We concluded that the presence of a certain level of histamine in food may affect the expression of allergy-related cytokines,disrupt the balance of the immune homeostasis,and potentially lead to adverse immune reactions.This work demonstrated the importance of including the estimation of histamine’s immune safety in aquatic products rather than merely considering the potential risk of food poisoning.

Evaluating the influence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor

BACKGROUND The development and progression of gastric cancer(GC)are closely linked to the nutritional status of patients.Although immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be clinically effective,the relationships of sarcopenia and myosteatosis with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in patients with gastric cancer remain to be characterized.METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients who were undergoing immuno-therapy for GC.For the evaluation of sarcopenia,the optimal cut-off value for the skeletal muscle index was established using receiver operating characteristic analysis of data obtained from pre-treatment computed tomography images at the L3 vertebral level.Myosteatosis was defined using the mean skeletal muscle density(SMD),with a threshold value of<41 Hounsfield units(HU)for patients with a body mass index(BMI)<25 kg/m^(2)and<33 HU for those with a BMI≥25 kg/m^(2).The log-rank test was used to compare progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS),and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify prognostic factors.Nomograms were developed to predict the PFS and OS of patients on the basis of the results of multivariate analyses.RESULTS We studied 115 patients who were undergoing ICI therapy for GC,of whom 27.4%had sarcopenia and 29.8%had myosteatosis.Patients with sarcopenia or myosteatosis had significantly shorter PFS and OS than those without these conditions.Furthermore,both sarcopenia and myosteatosis were found to be independent predictors of PFS and OS in patients with GC administering an ICI.The prediction models created for PFS and OS were associated with C-indexes of 0.758 and 0.781,respectively.CONCLUSION The presence of sarcopenia or myosteatosis is a reliable predictor of the clinical outcomes of patients with GC who are undergoing treatment with an ICI.

Retrospective Study Immune function status of postoperative patients with colon cancer for predicting liver metastasis

BACKGROUND Colon cancer(CC)has a high incidence rate.Radical resection is the main treatment method for CC;however,liver metastasis(LM)often occurs post-surgery.The liver contains both innate and adaptive immune cells that monitor and remove abnormal cells and pathogens.Before LM,tumor cells secrete cytokines and exosomes to adjust the immune microenvironment of the liver,thus forming an inhibitory immune microenvironment for colonization by circulating tumor cells.This indicates that the immune state of patients with CC plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of LM.AIM To observe and analyze the relationship between immune status and expression of tumor factors in patients with LM of CC,and to provide a scientific interven-tion method for promoting the patient prognosis.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed.The baseline data of 100 patients with CC and 100 patients with CC who suffered from postoperative LM and were admitted to our hospital from May 2021 to May 2023 were included in the non-occurrence and occurrence groups,respectively.The immune status of the pa-tients and the expression of tumor factor-related indicators in the two groups were compared,and the predictive value of the indicators for postoperative LM in patients with CC was analyzed.RESULTS Compared with the non-occurrence group,the expression of serum carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),CA19-9,CA242,CA72-4 and CA50 in patients in the occurrence group were significantly higher,while the expression of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,natural killer(NK)and CD4+/CD25 in patients in the occurrence group were significantly lower(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in other baseline data between groups(P>0.05).Multivariate logistic regression model analysis revealed that the expressions of CEA,CA19-9,CA242,CA72-4,CA50,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,NK,and CD4+/CD25 were associated with the LM in patients with CC.High expressions of serum CEA,CA19-9,CA242,CA72-4 and CA50,and low expressions of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,NK,and CD4+/CD25 in patients with CC were risk factors for LM(OR>1,P<0.05).The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under curve for CEA,CA19-9,CA242,CA72-4,CA50,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,NK,and CD4+/CD25 in the prediction of LM in patients with CC were all>0.80,with a high predictive value.CONCLUSION The expression of tumor factors and immune state-related indices in patients with CC is closely associated with the occurrence of LM.

Novel prognostic factors after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: Updating an old issue

In this editorial,I comment on the article by Li et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery in 2023,investigating the role of some novel prognostic factors for early survival after radical resection of liver cancer.Liver cancer is an important burden among Asian and Western popu-lations,despite recent advances in both medicine(from virus eradication to systemic target therapies)and surgery.However,survival after proven radical surgery remains poor,with recurrences being the rule.Many prognostic scores have been developed and validated to select those patients who will best benefit from radical liver surgery,although the final general and oncological outcomes continue to be highly jeopardized.Unfortunately,no single biomarker can resolve all these issues for hepatocellular carcinoma,and it remains to be proven whether some of them main-tain predictive power in the long-term follow-up.In the ongoing era of“preci-sion”medicine,the novel prognostic markers,including immune inflammatory and nutritional indexes could be of great help in better stratify surgical candi-dates.

The mechanism and risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are new and promising therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,along with demonstrating remarkable efficacy,ICIs can also trigger immune-related adverse events.Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis(CIP)has been reported to have a morbidity rate of 3%to 5%and a mortality rate of 10%to 17%.Moreover,the incidence of CIP in NSCLC is higher than that in other tumor types,reaching 7%to 13%.With the increased use of ICIs in NSCLC,CIP has drawn extensive attention from oncologists and cancer researchers.Identifying high risk factors for CIP and the potential mechanism of CIP are key points in preventing and monitoring serious adverse events.In this review,the results of our analysis and summary of previous studies suggested that the risk factors for CIP may include previous lung disease,prior thoracic irradiation,and combinations with other drugs.Our review also explored potential mechanisms closely related toCIP,including increasedT cell activity against associated antigens in tumor and normal tissues,preexisting autoantibodies,and inflammatory cytokines.

Effects of Yinzhihuang oral liquid and albumin on bilirubin, inflammatory factors, immune indexes and related factors in neonatal pathologic jaundice

Objective: To explore the effects of Yinzhihuang oral liquid and albumin on bilirubin, inflammatory factors, immune indexes and related factors in neonatal pathologic jaundice. Methods: A total of 134 neonates with pathologic jaundice admitted to our hospital from May 2017 to April 2018 were randomly selected as the control group (n=67) and the observation group (n=67), the control group was treated with albumin, the observation group was treated with Yinzhihuang Oral Liquid on the basis of the control group. The bilirubin, inflammatory factors, immune indicators, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and transferrin (TRF) were compared and analyzed before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the levels of TBIL, DBIL and IBIL in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of TBIL, DBIL and IBIL [(118.60±10.85) μmol/L, (6.95±1.52) μmol/L, (115.30±14.20)μmol/L] in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group;the levels of CRP and IL-6 in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of CRP and IL-6 [(8.26±2.07) mg/L, (12.69±2.15) pg/mL] in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05);the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), while the levels of CD8+ was significantly lower than that before treatment, the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ [(47.08±5.70)%, (2.08±0.41)] in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the level of CD8+ [(22.90±2.05)%] was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05);the levels of AFP in significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of AFP [(12.69±3.04)mg/L] in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), the levels of TRF [(2.02±0.35) g/L] were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The combination of Yinzhihuang oral liquid and albumin can effectively reduce the bilirubin level in neonatal jaundice, inhibit its inflammatory reaction, enhance the cellular immune function and improve the expression of AFP and TRF, which is of clinical significance.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory factors and immune function in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer

Objective:To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory factors and immune function in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer. Methods: From April 2016 to April 2017, 86 cases of elderly laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. 2 groups of patients were open venous access, oxygen mask, monitoring heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG), oxygen saturation (SpO2), bispectral index (BIS), after induction of anesthesia, the observation group was given dexmedetomidine 0.4 g/kg to 20 mL of normal saline control. Group of 20 mL saline, 15 min infusion is completed, and the observation group of dexmedetomidine in 0.4 g/kg - h continuous infusion of normal saline control group, continuous infusion, until the end of surgery. Before induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 h after operation beginning (T1), at the end of operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3) in venous blood, using ELISA method for the determination of serum interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (the level of TNF-alpha);on preoperative and postoperative 4 h, 12 h, 24 h after operation in venous blood serum epinephrine ELISA method (E), norepinephrine (NE), endothelin-1 (ET-1) level;on preoperative and postoperative 4 h, 12 h after surgery, 24 h venous blood flow cytometry determination of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+.Results:compared with before operation, the observation group after 4 h, 12 h, 24 h NE, and the lower control group E, NE and ET-1 increased, the observation group after 4 h, 12 h, 24 h E, NE, ET-1 lower than that of the control group;compared with T0, 2 patients in group T2, T3 sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-alpha were increased, the observation group T2, T3 sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF- were lower than that of the control group;compared with the preoperative, 2 group after 4 h, 12 h, 24 h CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ decreased, the observation group after 4 h, 12 h, 24 h CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ higher than those in the control group.Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine has a good analgesic effect on elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer. It can effectively relieve the stress reaction and inflammatory reaction during perioperative period, and effectively improve the immune function of the patients.

Effects of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone combination on treating senile multiple myeloma and influence on immune suppressed factors and immune cell levels

Objective:To investigate the effects of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone combination on treating senile multiple myeloma and influence on immune suppressed factors and immune cell levels.Methods:A total of 80 cases of patients with multiple myeloma treated in our hospital from Oct 2013 to Jul 2015 were selected as investigate subjects. They were randomly divided to be observation group consisted of 43 cases and control group consisted of 37 cases. For observation group, treatment of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone combination was provided. For control group, Vincristine + Epirubicin + Dexamethasone treatment was provided. After three courses, effects on two groups of patients were compared, and immune suppressed factors and immune cell levels before and after treatment in different periods were compared.Results:After three courses of treatment, the total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group. Before treatment, IL-6, IL-17, TGF-β, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ between the two group of patients were compared, no significant difference showed;After treatment for 6 weeks, IL-6, IL-17 levels in observation group were significantly decreased comparing with the same group before treatment;After treatment for 12 weeks, IL-6, IL-17 and TGF-β levels in observation group were significantly decreased comparing with the same group before treatment;After treatment, IL-6, IL-17 levels in observation group were significantly lower than control group at the same phase. After treatment for 12 weeks, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ in observation group were significantly higher than the same group before treatment, and significantly higher than control group at the same phase;CD3+CD8+ in observation group was significantly lower than the same group before treatment, and significantly lower than control group at the same phase. Conclusion:Compared with Vincristine + Epirubicin + Dexamethasone treatment, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone combination on treating senile multiple myeloma had more significant effects, which deserves further clinical researches.

Effect of Oxcarbazepine on serum inflammatory factors, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and immune function in epileptic

Objective:To study effect of Oxcarbazepine on serum inflammatory factors, intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1) and immune function in epileptic.Methods: Selected 95 patients who were diagnosed as epileptic into the observation group and 95 cases of healthy people as the control group;The observation group was given oral oxcarbazepine, continuous treatment for six months;Measured serum inflammatory factors (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α) level, ICAM-1 and immune-related indexes: change of periphery T lymphocyte subgroup CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and immnuneglublin (IgG, IgA, IgM) level of the observation group before and after treatment, carried out comparative analysis through comparing with the normal control group.Results:Before treatment, compared with the control group, level of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, CD8+, IgA and IgG in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group. CD3+, CD4+ level were significantly decreased when it compared with the control group. Level of IgM in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference between two groups was not significant. Before treatment, compared inter-class, level of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, CD8+, IgA and IgG in the observation group were significantly lower, but all of these indexes level were still remarkable higher than the control group. It was statistical significant difference;After treatment, the level of CD3+, CD4+ in the observation group were dramatically increased, but both level were still significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant;Level of IgM after treatment compared with control group and before treatment respectively was no statistical significant difference.Conclusion: The level of inflammatory factors and ICAM-1 always were abnormal in epileptic and they were always with immune dysfunction. Oxcarbazepine was capable of effectively reducing inflammatory factor and ICAM-1 level and positively regulating immune dysfunction.

Expression and detection significance of immune markers and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood of children with bronchial asthma

Objective: To explore the expression and detection significance of immune markers and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood of children with bronchial asthma. Method: A total of 86 cases of children with bronchial asthma admitted in our hospital from March 2015 to January 2017 were selected as observation group, and 86 cases of healthy children were selected as control group. The level of peripheral blood immunity included CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ /CD8+, Th1, Th2, Th1/Th2, Th9, Th17, and the level of inflammatory factors included interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-ɑ), interleukin-17(IL-17) and interleukin-9 (IL-9) were compared in the two groups. Result: The expression levels of CD3+and CD8+ in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher than those in the control group. The expression levels of Th2, Th9 and Th17 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the expression levels of Th1 and Th1/Th2 were significantly lower than those in the control group. The expression levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-17 and IL-9 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the expression level of IFN-γ was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion: The expression level of peripheral blood immunity and inflammatory factors in children with bronchial asthma plays an important role in the occurrence of bronchial asthma, and it is of great significance in clinical practice.

Effect of tanshinone on blood coagulation, inflammatory factors and immune function in children with allergic purpura

Objective:To investigate the effects of tanshinone treatment on coagulation function, inflammatory factors and immune function in children with allergic purpura, and to guide clinical medication.Methods:130 children with allergic purpura diagnosed in a certain hospital from November 2015 to June 1818 were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group and study group, 65 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional anti-allergic drugs, and the study group was treated with tanshinone on the basis of the control group. The changes of renal function, inflammatory factors, coagulation function and immune function were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Result:There were no significant differences in renal function, inflammatory factors, coagulation function and immune function between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of renal function Scr, BUN and Cysc and were significantly decreased in the two groups, and the inflammatory factors PCT, CRP levels were significantly decreased in the two groups (P<0.05). The above indexes of the study group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, APTT and PT levels were significantly increased in both groups, and FIB and ESR levels were significantly lower (P<0.05). The levels of APTT and PT in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the FIB and ESR level was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of IgG, C3 and C4 were significantly lower in the two groups (P<0.05). The levels of IgG, C3 and C4 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Tanshinone combined with anti-allergic drugs has significant curative effects on children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. It can significantly reduce renal function damage, alleviate inflammation stress response, improve coagulation function and correct immune disorders. And it is worthy of clinical application.

Effects of flexible ureteroscopy combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy on inflammatory immune indexes and related factors in patients with renal calculi

Objective:To explore the effects of flexible ureteroscopy combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy on inflammatory immune indexes and related factors in patients with renal calculi.Methods: From December 2016 to November 2017, 97 patients with renal calculi were selected and divided into control group (48 cases) and observation group (49 cases), the control group was treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. On the basis of the treatment of the control group, the observation group was treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The changes of inflammatory mediators, immune index, thyroxine (TH), urokinase (UK) and renal function were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: After treatment, the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), substance P (SP), nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxide (LPO) in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of PGE2, SP, NO and LPO in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group;the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, but the levels of CD8+ were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+in the control group were significantly lower than those in the observation group, and the levels of CD8+ were significantly higher than those in the observation group;the levels of TH in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, but the levels of UK were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of TH in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the levels of UK were significantly higher than those in the control group;the levels of urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin C (CysC) in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of BUN, Scr, CysC in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group. Conclusions:The combination of ureteroscope and percutaneous nephroscope can relieve inflammation stress, alleviate immunosuppression, enhance stone clearance and reduce the damage to renal function. It is of clinical significance.

Effects of ulinastatin on immune function, oxidative stress and related factors in patients with acute pancreatitis

Objective: To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on immune function, oxidative stress and related factors in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods: 120 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to digestive department of our hospital from May 2016 to May 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 60 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given routine treatment, while patients in the observation group were given ulinastatin on the basis of the treatment of patients in the control group. The levels of Kim-1, Cys C, BUN, IgA, IgM, IgG, SOD, NO, TAC, PCT and CRP of patients in the two groups were detected and compared before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the serum levels of Kim-1, Cys C, BUN, NO, PCT and CRP of patients in the control group and the observation group decreased significantly and the serum levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, SOD and TAC increased significantly. The change trend of these indexes in the serum of patients in the observation group was more obvious than those of patients in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ulinastatin in the treatment of acute pancreatitis can significantly alleviate kidney injury, enhance immune function and antioxidant capacity of patients, alleviate inflammation.

Changes of immune function, tumor markers and inflammatory factors in breast cancer patients with different pathological stages

Objective: To investigate the changes of immune function, tumor markers and inflammatory factors in breast cancer patients with different pathological stages. Methods: From January 2017 to June 2018, 120 patients with breast cancer in our hospital were selected as subjects. According to TNM staging, they were divided into stage I (31 cases), stage II (36 cases), stage III (28 cases) and stage IV (25 cases). Another 50 healthy women in our hospital during the same period were selected as control group. The immune function, tumor markers and inflammatory factors in each group were detected and compared. Results: The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ in the control group were (67.38±4.41)%, (51.38±2.59)%, (21.88±2.26)%, (2.33±0.34), respectively. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the control group were higher than those in the breast cancer patients of all stages, and the level of CD8+ in the control group was lower than those in the breast cancer patients of all stages;The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ gradually decreased and the levels of CD8+ gradually increased with the increase of pathological stage. The levels of IgG and IgM in the control group were (7.03±1.27) g/L and (1.20±0.40) g/L respectively, which were lower than those in the patients with breast cancer of all stages. With the increase of pathological stages, the levels of IgG and IgM increased gradually. The levels of CEA, CA125 and CA153 in the control group were (1.54±0.53) ug/L, (12.53±2.26) U/mL and (7.63±1.67) U/mL, respectively, which were lower than those in the patients with breast cancer of all stages. The levels of CEA, CA125 and CA153 gradually increased with the increase of pathological stages. The levels of TNF- and hs-CRP in the control group were (73.32±10.57) pg/L and (2.24±0.43) mg/L, respectively, which were lower than those in the patients with breast cancer of all stages. The levels of TNF-α and hs-CRP increased gradually with the increase of pathological stages. Conclusion: The levels of immune function, tumor markers and inflammatory factors are different in different pathological stages of breast cancer. Detection of relevant indicators can provide a scientific basis for monitoring pathological progress and evaluating disease changes.

Detection and clinical significance of immune function, inflammatory factors and ESR levels in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Objective:To explore the detection and clinical significance of immune function, inflammatory factors and ESR levels in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Methods: A total of 122 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae from September 2015 to February 2017 were selected as the observation group, while 120 healthy children were selected as the control group. The differences of immunoglobulin, T lymphocyte subsets, inflammatory factors and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were compared in the two groups, and the correlation between ESR and inflammatory factors was analyzed.Results: There was a significant difference in peripheral blood T lymphocyte level between the two groups;CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while CD8+ was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group. The IgA of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and there was no significant difference between IgG and the control group, and IgM was significantly higher than that of the control group. The two groups of hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and ESR expression level were significant differences;the hs-CRP, TNF-α, IFN-γ and ESR in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group;the ESR of the children with mycoplasma pneumonia was positively correlated with the level of hs-CRP, TNF-α and IFN-γ, which was statistically significant.Conclusions:The cell immunity, humoral immune function of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are relatively low, and the inflammatory reaction is more severe, and the inflammatory factors of the body are positively related to the level of ESR expression.

Correlation of serum inflammatory factors with immune response and stress hormones in patients with cesarean incision infection

Objective: To study the correlation of serum inflammatory factors with immune response and stress hormones in patients with cesarean incision infection. Methods: Puerperae who underwent cesarean section and got postoperative incision infection in Maternal and Child Health Care in Lintong between January 2014 and December 2016 were selected as the infection group of the research, and puerperae who underwent cesarean section and were without postoperative incision infection in Maternal and Child Health Care in Lintong during the same period were selected as the control group of the research. The contents of inflammatory factors and stress hormones in serum as well as the contents of immune cells and the levels of erythrocyte immunity indexes in peripheral blood were measured. Results:TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, Cor, NE, INS and AT-II contents in serum of infection group were significantly higher than those of control group;CD3+CD4+T cell and CD16+CD25+NK cell contents as well as DTER, ATER, NTER and FEER levels in peripheral blood were lower than those of control group whereas CD3+CD8+T cell content and FEIR level were higher than those of control group. TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 contents in serum of infection group were negatively correlated with CD3+CD4+T cell and CD16+CD25+NK cell contents as well as DTER, ATER, NTER and FEER levels in peripheral blood, and positively correlated with CD3+CD8+T cell content and FEIR level in peripheral blood as well as Cor, NE, INS and AT-II contents in serum. Conclusion: The abnormal activation of inflammatory response and the abnormal secretion of inflammatory factors are closely related to the immune response disorder and stress response activation.

Detection and clinical significance of immune function, inflammatory factors, Hcy, SF and β2-MG in elderly patients with chronic renalfailure

Objective: To explore the detection and clinical significance of immune function, inflammatory factors, Hcy, SF and β2-MG in elderly patients with chronic renal failure. Methods: We selected 95 elderly patients with chronic renal failure treated in our hospital from March 2016 to December 2017 as the observation group, and 100 healthy elderly patients were selected as the control group during the same period. The levels of immune parameters, inflammatory factors, Hcy, SF and β2-MG levels were compared and analyzed. Results: The levels of IgA in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while IgG, IgM, C3, and C4 were significantly lower than those in the control group. The levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. the levels of Hcy, SF andβ2-MG in Observation group were significantly higher than that of in the control group, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: Elderly patients with CRF have low immune function, high inflammation level, high expression of Hcy, SF and β2-MG. The diagnosis of these indicators is of great significance for the early diagnosis, prevention and prognosis of elderly CRF patients.

Effects of Liraglutide on endothelial function, immune function and related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective: To investigate the effects of Liraglutide on endothelial function, immune function and related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 160 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received treatment in department of endocrinology of our hospital from December 2015 to June 2018 were collected. They were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, 80 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with metformin. The patients in the observation group were treated with liraglutide on the basis of the control group. The levels of endothelin (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-α), Vaspin and HbAlc were detected and compared. Results: After treatment, compared with the treatment group, the serum levels of ET-1, hs-CRP, IGF-1, TNF-α and HbAlc of patients in the control group and the observation group were significantly decreased, and the levels of NO, IgA, IgG, IgM and Vaspin increased significantly. The change trend of the above indexes of patients in the observation group was more obvious than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Liraglutide combined with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus can significantly enhance endothelial function and immune function of patients, and alleviate inflammation, and it has good clinical efficacy.