Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Case Report after a Caesarean Section Related to the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

During pregnancy, a cellular immunosuppressant status is produced. It is characterized by anti-inflammatory cellular responses that allow embryonic implantation. The reversal of these changes during the postpartum period may result in overt clinical manifestations of otherwise quiescent or latent infections. We present an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) case after a caesarean section related to the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in a Guinean black woman. The patient was treated with large doses of corticosteroids showing a great clinical and radiological improvement.

Inflammatory/immune-suppressive microenvironment characteristics of pancreatic cancer patients with Shi-Re syndrome identified by extracellular vesicle long RNA profiling

Background:Numerous long RNAs were detected in extracellular vesicles(EVs),some of which were related with the tissue origins and immune cell types.This study examined the molecular basis of different traditional Chinese medicine syndrome diagnoses(also called syndrome differentiation)in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods:128 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with different syndrome diagnoses were retrospectively reviewed in this study.Long RNA sequencing was conducted to analyze the EV long RNA profile of plasma samples.Differentially regulated EV long RNAs were annotated and assessed for Gene Ontology pathway enrichment using DAVID.The online program xCell were used to perform the cell-type enrichment analysis.Results:An average of 15,000 annotated genes,mainly including messenger RNAs,were stably detected per sample.Different syndrome diagnoses exhibited unique EV mRNA expression profiles and therefore different enriched pathways.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis discovered transforming growth factor-βand kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog signaling activation as the hallmarks of cancer with Shi-Re syndrome.Cell-type enrichment analysis also revealed a varied inflammation/immune cell type distribution among patients with or without Shi-Re diagnosis.Mast cells,platelets and Tregs were significantly enriched but basophils,common lymphoid progenitors,dendritic cells,and conventional dendritic cells were decreased in patients with Shi-Re diagnosis compared with patients without Shi-Re diagnosis.Conclusion:We identified the hallmarks of cancer with different syndrome diagnoses based on plasma EV long RNA sequencing.In particular,transforming growth factor-βand kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog signaling activation were the hallmarks of Shi-Re syndrome,which contribute to shape an inflammatory/immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Graves’ Disease as a Late Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Syndrome after Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in an HIV-1 Infected Patient

Context: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) inhibits the HIV replication and consequently increases CD4 levels and decreases viral load. This immune system improvement can trigger various immunological phenomena, entity called Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (IRS). Graves’ disease is a late Immune Reconstitution consequence. Patient: We report the case of a 48 years old man with HIV infection who developed Graves’ disease three years after he was on effective HAART because of the Immune Reconstitution Syndrome. At presentation he had a very low CD4 T-cell count (17 cells/μL). When he started HAART he presented a lipodystrophy syndrome. HAART was changed because of the persistent low CD4-T cells count (less than 100 cell/μL). Afterwards serum lipid levels began to decrease and that was the first manifestation of Graves’ disease, which was diagnosed when CD4 T-cells increased up to 343 cell/μL. Our patient developed Graves’ disease 36 months after initiating effective HAART with protease inhibitors which was coincident with viral suppression and a rise of CD4 T cells. Conclusion: The most immunosuppressed patients with a CD4 T cell count less than 100 cells/μL are at greatest risk for the development of Immune Reconstitution Syndrome after HAART initiation. We conclude that clinicians will have to consider the importance of the early diagnosis of thyroid disease to bring an adequate treatment.

Shock index of patients with sepsis after continuous blood purification treatment and its relationship with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and immune response

Objective:To study the shock index of patients with sepsis after continuous blood purification (CBP) treatment and its relationship with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and immune response.Methods:A total of 88 patients with sepsis who underwent continuous blood purification treatment in our hospital between June 2012 and May 2016 were chosen as research subjects, shock index (SI) was compared before and after the treatment, and according to the level of SI after treatment, all patients were divided into shock group (n=27) with SI>0.5 points and no shock group (n=61) with SI≤0.5 points. Serum contents of inflammatory mediators, Th1/Th2 cellular immunity indexes, immunoglobulin and complement were compared between two groups of patients after treatment.Results: The level of SI in patients with sepsis was significantly lower than that before treatment. Serum contents of inflammatory mediators PCT, CRP and HMGB1 in no shock group were lower than those in shock group, contents of Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ were higher than those in shock group, contents of Th2 cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 were lower than those in shock group, and contents of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C4 were higher than those in shock group.Conclusion: The level of SI decreases in the patients with sepsis after CBP treatment, and SI level is directly correlated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and immune response levels.

Study on the correlation between TCM syndrome differentiation and immune inflammation index of Sjogren's syndrome

Objective:To observe the relationship between the distribution of TCM Syndromes of primary Sjogren's syndrome(pSS)and the changes of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),immunoglobulin IgA,IgG and IgM.Methods:157 diagnosed PSS patients were divided into dampness heat obstructing collaterals syndrome,dryness evil invading lung syndrome,Qi blood stasis syndrome,liver kidney yin deficiency syndrome and Qi Yin deficiency syndrome according to TCM syndrome differentiation standard.The age,course of disease,general health score in international universal quality of life scale,self rating Anxiety scale(SAS),self rating Depression Scale(SDS)and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed and detected(ESR,C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),immunoglobulin IgA,IgG and IgM and other immune inflammatory indexes were detected.The relationship between different TCM Syndromes of PSS and molecular level changes of immune inflammatory indexes was analyzed and compared,as well as the impact on quality of life and mental emotion.Results:The overall health score of patients with Qi Yin deficiency syndrome was significantly lower than that of patients with dampness heat obstructing collaterals and dampness evil invading lung syndrome(P<0.01),while the SAS and SDS scores of patients with Qi Yin deficiency syndrome were significantly higher than those of patients with dampness heat invading lung syndrome and dampness heat obstructing collaterals syndrome(P<0.05,P<0.01);ESR,CRP,RF,TNF-α,IL-6,IgA,IgG and IgM related laboratory indexes of patients with dampness heat obstructing collaterals syndrome were significantly higher than those of patients with dry evil invading lung syndrome,liver kidney yin deficiency syndrome and liver kidney yin deficiency syndrome Qi Yin deficiency syndrome and Qi blood stasis syndrome(P<0.05,P<0.01).Correlation test found that the above five syndrome types were positively correlated with hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-ɑindicators(P<0.05).Conclusion:The overall health,SAS,SDS and related hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-ɑand some others indexes of SS patients are associated with TCM syndromes.

Periplaneta americana extract used in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome

BACKGROUND:Periplaneta americana extract is recognized to have a positive effect on gastrointestinal mucosa.This study aimed to investigate the effects of periplaneta americana extract on immune function,nutrition status and gastrointestinal complications of early enteral nutrition patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS).METHODS:Patients with SIRS were randomly divided into two groups:treatment and control groups.All patients in the two groups received conventional therapy including enteral nutrition,but periplaneta americana extract,an additional Chinese medicine,was given to the patients in the treatment group.At the beginning of treatment(0 day)and 1,3,and 7 days after treatment,the levels of immunoglobulin(Ig A),total lymphocyte count(TLC),total protein(TP)and prealbumin(PA)were respectively tested in patients'venous blood.The incidences of bloating,diarrhea,aspiration pneumonia and high blood sugar at 7 days after treatment were recorded.The mortality of the patients in 28 days was recorded.RESULTS:At 3 and 7 days after treatment,the levels of Ig A and TLC in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).At 7 days after treatment,the levels of TP and PA in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The incidences of bloating and diarrhea in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group,the differences were significant(P<0.05).The mortality of treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Periplaneta americana extract could reduce gastrointestinal complications and improve immune function and nutritional status in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Correlation of intestinal flora disturbance with immune response and inflammatory response in patients with MODS

Objective:To study the correlation of intestinal flora disturbance with immune response and inflammatory response in patients with MODS.Methods: 60 patients with MODS who were treated in our hospital between August 2013 and January 2017 were collected as the observation group, and 50 healthy subjects who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were collected as normal control group. The differences in intestinal flora distribution in the feces samples, peripheral blood contents of T lymphocyte subsets and serum levels of immunoglobulin and inflammatory factors were compared between two groups of subjects. The relationship of intestinal flora distribution with immune response and inflammatory response was assessed by Pearson test.Results: Bifidobacterium and lactobacillus count as well as B/E value in feces of observation group were lower than those of normal control group while escherichia coli and enterococcus count were higher than those of normal control group;peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocyte proportion and CD4+/CD8+ratio were lower than those of normal control group while CD8+T lymphocyte proportion was higher than that of normal control group;serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgM and IgG levels were lower than those of normal control group;serum inflammatory factors PCT, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were higher than those of normal control group. Pearson test showed that the intestinal flora disturbance in patients with MODS is directly correlated with the immune response function and inflammatory response.Conclusion:There is obvious intestinal flora disturbance in patients with MODS, and it is one of the important causes of immune function injury and systemic inflammatory response in patients.

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome:Mechanistic insights into chronic disturbances following enteric infection

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a commonly encountered chronic functional gastrointestinal(GI)disorder.Approximately 10%of IBS patients can trace the onset of their symptoms to a previous a bout of infectious dysentery.The appearance of new IBS symptoms following an infectious event is defined as post-infectiousIBS.Indeed,with the World Health Organization estimating between 2 and 4 billion cases annually,infectious diarrheal disease represents an incredible international healthcare burden.Additionally,compounding evidence suggests many commonly encountered enteropathogens as unique triggers behind IBS symptom generation and underlying pathophysiological features.A growing body of work provides evidence supporting a role for pathogen-mediated modifications in the resident intestinal microbiota,epithelial barrier integrity,effector cell functions,and innate and adaptive immune features,all proposed physiological manifestations that can underlie GI abnormalities in IBS.Enteric pathogens must employ a vast array of machinery to evade host protective immune mechanisms,and illicit successful infections.Consequently,the impact of infectious events on host physiology can be multidimensional in terms of anatomical location,functional scope,and duration.This review offers a unique discussion of the mechanisms employed by many commonly encountered enteric pathogens that cause acute disease,but may also lead to the establishment of chronic GI dysfunction compatible with IBS.

Late immune consequences of combat trauma: A review of trauma-related immune dysfunction and potential therapies

With improvements in personnel and vehicular body armor,robust casualty evacuation capabilities,and damage control resuscitation strategies,more combat casualties are surviving to reach higher levels of care throughout the casualty evacuation system.As such,medical centers are becoming more accustomed to managing the deleterious late consequences of combat trauma related to the dysregulation of the immune system.In this review,we aim to highlight these late consequences and identify areas for future research and therapeutic strategies.Trauma leads to the dysregulation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses,which places the injured at risk for several late consequences,including delayed wound healing,late onset sepsis and infection,multi-organ dysfunction syndrome,and acute respiratory distress syndrome,which are significant for their association with the increased morbidity and mortality of wounded personnel.The mechanisms by which these consequences develop are complex but include an imbalance of the immune system leading to robust inflammatory responses,triggered by the presence of damage associated molecules and other immune-modifying agents following trauma.Treatment strategies to improve outcomes have been difficult to develop as the immunophenotype of injured personnel following trauma is variable,fluid and difficult to determine.As more information regarding the triggers that lead to immune dysfunction following trauma is elucidated,it may be possible to identify the immunophenotype of injured personnel and provide targeted treatments to reduce the late consequences of trauma,which are known to lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

加味普济消毒颗粒内服联合消肿散结膏外敷治疗儿童急性扁桃体炎的临床研究

【目的】评价加味普济消毒颗粒(由金银花、连翘、蒲公英、紫花地丁、荆芥、牛蒡子、皂角刺、赤芍、牡丹皮、芦根等组成)内服联合消肿散结膏(由黄芩、黄连、黄柏、皂角刺等组成)外敷治疗儿童急性扁桃体炎(acute tonsillitis in children,ATC)的临床疗效及对免疫功能与相关炎症指标的影响。【方法】将116例ATC肺胃郁热证患儿随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各58例。对照组给予头孢克肟分散片治疗,观察组给予加味普济消毒颗粒内服联合消肿散结膏外敷治疗,疗程为14 d并随访6个月。观察2组患儿治疗前后中医证候积分、外周血中白细胞计数(WBC)、T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平及血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的变化情况,比较2组患儿的临床疗效和各项临床症状消失时间,同时监测2组患儿的不良反应发生情况和扁桃体炎复发情况。【结果】(1)研究期间,对照组有8例患儿脱落,观察组无脱落病例,最终对照组50例、观察组58例患儿完成全部疗程的治疗。(2)治疗14 d后,观察组的总有效率为98.28%(57/58),对照组为90.00%(45/50);组间比较(秩和检验),观察组的临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)治疗后,观察组患儿的咽痛消失时间、脓点消失时间、退热时间及扁桃体恢复正常时间均较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05)。(4)治疗后,2组患儿的主症积分、次症积分和中医证候总积分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(5)治疗后,2组患儿的T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),CD8^(+)水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组对T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平的升高幅度及对CD8^(+)水平的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(6)治疗后,2组患儿的WBC、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及CRP水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(7)治疗期间,2组患儿均未出现皮肤过敏及恶心、呕吐等胃肠道不良反应情况,具有较高的安全性。(8)随访6个月,观察组患儿的扁桃体炎复发率为5.17%(3/58),明显低于对照组的24.00%(12/50),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.330,P<0.05)。【结论】加味普济消毒颗粒内服联合消肿散结膏外敷治疗ATC肺胃郁热证患儿疗效显著,可明显缩短病程,改善临床症状,有效降低扁桃体炎复发率,其机制可能与增强机体免疫功能、抑制炎症反应有关。

HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎免疫重建综合征研究进展

免疫重建综合征是HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎常见的并发症,该并发症的发生增加了HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎的死亡率。目前,对于HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎免疫重建综合征的发病机制尚不清楚,给该病的防治带来了困难。本文综述了HIV相关隐球菌脑膜炎免疫重建综合征发病机制、危险因素及诊疗新进展。

滋阴运脾法治疗干燥综合征

目的观察滋阴运脾法联合西医治疗干燥综合征的临床疗效与对患者炎症因子及免疫功能的影响。方法选择干燥综合征患者80例,采用随机数表法分为对照组与观察组,各40例。对照组给予西医治疗,观察组在西医基础上联合滋阴运脾方中药治疗。检测2组外分泌腺指标、免疫球蛋白、补体及红细胞沉降率(ESR)、干扰素-α(IFN-α)、B细胞刺激因子(BAFF)蛋白水平,评估2组干燥综合征疾病自我感受(ESSPRI)评分、中医证候积分、干燥综合征疾病活动指数(ESSDAI)评分变化。结果与治疗前比较,2组治疗12周后唾液流量、自然唾液流率及左侧/右侧泪液分泌明显升高,观察组治疗12周后相关外分泌腺指标均高于对照组(P<0.05)。IgA、IgM、IgG及ESR、IFN-α、BAFF蛋白明显下降,观察组治疗12周后除IgM外其他指标均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗12周后C3、C4明显升高,观察组治疗12周后C3高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗12周后ESSPRI评分、中医证候积分、ESSDAI评分明显下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论滋阴运脾法联合西医治疗干燥综合征,可减轻患者症状,抑制炎症因子表达,改善免疫功能和外分泌腺功能。

基于“三因四证”调整免疫炎症状态的中医药治疗心血管疾病研究述评

动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病发生发展的重要病理基础,物质代谢异常和免疫炎症反应是其发生发展的重要原因,由此导致的免疫炎症状态贯穿其病理始终。本文以“病”(心力衰竭)为切入点,结合心脉相关理论,总结气、血、水“三因”病机与免疫炎症状态的相关性。心气、心血、心水异常可出现在心力衰竭的不同阶段,持续的免疫炎症状态贯穿心力衰竭始终。同时,岭南地区常年湿热的气候环境因素及人群气虚、阳虚和湿热体质与免疫炎症状态发生密切相关,“积湿生热”及“湿自热生”的湿热相互转化机制使得岭南地区心血管疾病的病机以气虚痰浊夹瘀多见。在此基础上,痰、瘀、湿、热等伏匿机体的多种病理产物在疾病发展过程中累积,久酿而成内生伏毒,由此总结性归纳将痰、瘀、湿、毒“四证”与免疫炎症状态紧密联系。本文用“病—证—治”关联视角探讨中医药防治心血管疾病,融合治未病思想,从理论到应用,从基础到临床,以期为进一步制定和实施中医药诊疗方案提供理论指导。

宿主免疫与HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎预后研究进展

即使在全球开展抗逆转录病毒治疗和抗真菌药物治疗背景下,HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎仍然是艾滋病患者死亡的重要原因。宿主免疫状态是决定HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎预后的关键因素,近年来宿主免疫与HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎预后相关性的研究取得一些进展,本文就宿主先天免疫、适应性免疫、中枢神经系统免疫及免疫重建综合征对HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎预后的影响进行综述。

三拗汤合三子养亲汤加减对小儿过敏性咳嗽中医证候评分、免疫功能及炎性因子水平的影响

目的探讨三拗汤合三子养亲汤加减对小儿过敏性咳嗽中医证候评分、免疫功能及炎性因子水平的影响。方法选择2021年1月—2022年6月91例诊断为风热犯肺证型过敏性咳嗽的患儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字法平均分为观察组45例与对照组46例:对照组患儿给予孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合三拗汤合三子养亲汤加减治疗。于治疗前、治疗1周及2周后比较两组中医证候评分及临床疗效差异,于治疗前、治疗后2周抽取静脉血,采用流式细胞术检测免疫细胞功能(CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(8)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)),采用酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,ELISA)检测白细胞介素-33(Interleukin-33,IL-33)、白细胞介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平。结果观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着治疗时间延长,两组患者主症、次症及总积分均逐渐降低(P<0.05);治疗1周及2周后观察组主症、次症及总积分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。随着治疗时间延长,两组患儿CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)逐渐升高(P<0.05),CD_(8)^(+)逐渐降低(P<0.05);治疗后1周及2周观察组CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)均高于对照组,而CD_(8)^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。随着治疗时间延长,两组患儿IL-33、IL-8、TNF-α均逐渐降低(P<0.05);治疗后1周及2周观察组IL-33、IL-8、TNF-α均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在西医治疗基础上联合三拗汤合三子养亲汤加减治疗小儿过敏性咳嗽有更好的临床疗效,可以更早、更明显地降低中医证候评分,提高患儿机体免疫功能,降低机体炎性因子水平,促进患儿恢复。

基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平与HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗后免疫重建结局的关系研究

目的探讨基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平与人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(HIV/AIDS)患者抗病毒治疗后免疫重建结局的关系。方法回顾性选取2021年9月至2022年3月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)感染科收治的新确诊HIV/AIDS的患者110例,所有患者均接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART),对患者进行1年随访,按照末次随访CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μL或增长未超过基线的20%作为判定免疫重建不良的标准,对患者免疫重建结局进行分组,其中78例患者纳入免疫重建良好组,32例患者纳入免疫重建不良组,对患者治疗前后不同时间的CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平进行监测,并探究影响患者免疫重建结局的影响因素。结果治疗后3、6、9、12个月时,免疫重建不良组患者的病毒载量分别为26983(456,52239)、9126(316,14012)、1622(215,4501)、212(98,325)拷贝/mL,均高于免疫重建良好组[21598(412,48236)、6533(264,9154)、1231(152,2105)、135(52,287)拷贝/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前后各时间段的CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,感染途径、性别、学历水平、婚姻状态对其免疫重建效果无影响(P>0.05),年龄偏大、确诊至治疗时间在1年以上、基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞水平低、基线病毒载量高均会对患者的免疫重建效果产生负面影响(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄偏大、确诊至治疗时间在1年以上、基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞水平低、基线病毒载量高均会影响患者的免疫重建效果(OR=2.567,95%CI:1.075~6.127;OR=4.067,95%CI:1.690~9.785;OR=2.550,95%CI:1.096~5.934;OR=2.816,95%CI:1.203~6.591)。结论较高的基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平、较低的病毒载量有利于HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗后的免疫重建,而基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平的低下可能是免疫重建不良的重要危险因素。

湿热证患者肠道菌群加重肠黏膜炎性免疫反应促大肠癌发生的作用机制

目的探讨湿热证大肠癌患者肠道菌促进肠癌发生的机制。方法健康雌性SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为3组,即健康对照粪菌移植组(HC-FMT)、湿热证大肠癌粪菌移植组(DHS-FMT)及非湿热证大肠癌粪菌移植组(Non_DHS-FMT),每组10只。各组小鼠均构建为伪无菌小鼠,再分别移植健康对照人群、湿热证大肠癌及非湿热证大肠癌患者粪便菌液;同时采用氧化偶氮甲烷(AOM)联合葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导小鼠肠癌发生。干预13周后,采用16S rRNA法检测粪菌移植后各组小鼠肠道菌群结构;观察小鼠结肠肿瘤数目及结肠病理改变;流式细胞术及实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)法检测结肠组织免疫细胞亚群及细胞因子表达水平变化。结果粪菌移植后,各组小鼠肠道菌群结构具有明显差异。与HCFMT比较,DHS-FMT小鼠结肠肿瘤数目增多(P<0.05),结肠浸润免疫细胞(P<0.05)、树突状细胞(DC)(P<0.05)、CD4+T细胞(P<0.05)增多;Th1型转录因子T盒转录因子21(Tbx21)及细胞因子γ干扰素(IFN-γ)mRNA(P<0.05)表达水平升高;Th17型转录因子RAR相关孤儿受体C(Rorc)及细胞因子白介素-17a(IL-17a)mRNA(P<0.05)表达水平升高。结论湿热证大肠癌患者肠道菌群可促进AOM/DSS小鼠肿瘤形成、促进固有层免疫细胞浸润、诱导Th1及Th17型促炎性免疫反应、加重肠黏膜炎症,进而促进大肠癌的发生。

骨髓来源抑制细胞在创伤后全身炎症反应免疫抑制中作用的研究进展

创伤应激可导致宿主产生过度的全身炎症反应,这些异常是由于对感染的不受控制的反应而发生的,而后期多种机制的作用会导致机体免疫功能处于抑制状态,从而增加脓毒症、多器官衰竭和死亡的风险。免疫抑制机制可调节宿主在清除抗原同时防止继发组织损伤和促进组织修复,而骨髓来源的抑制细胞是介导免疫抑制的主要活性细胞之一,在不同的病理生理时期发挥不同的作用,在创伤早期主要功能是促进组织修复和伤口愈合,而创伤远期可能导致持续性炎症、免疫抑制和分解代谢综合征。本文从多发创伤后免疫炎症反应的不同病理生理阶段,探讨骨髓来源的抑制细胞早期的短暂激活和后期的持续病理激活介导的免疫抑制机制对疾病及转归的积极和消极作用。

COVID-19型与非COVID-19型ARDS患者炎症反应和细胞免疫的差异性研究

目的探讨新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)型急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)与非COVID-19型ARDS患者炎症反应和细胞免疫的差异性。方法选取2022年1月至2023年12月郑州市第一人民医院收治的COVID-19型ARDS患者120例纳入观察组(中度89例,重度31例),根据1∶1配对原则,另选取同期其他肺部致病菌导致ARDS患者120例纳入对照组,同期健康体检者120例纳入健康组。比较三组受检者及不同病情程度COVID-19型ARDS患者血清炎性相关因子[白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-4(IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]及细胞免疫相关因子[T细胞亚群(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+))、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)]水平,采用Spearman分析炎性及细胞免疫相关因子与COVID-19感染及COVID-19型ARDS患者病情严重程度的相关性,采用偏回归分析COVID-19型患者ARDS发生的影响因素。结果观察组患者血清IL-6、IL-4、TNF-α、CRP水平[(47.52±6.25)ng/L、(21.53±3.59)ng/L、(1.55±0.36)ng/L、(20.69±3.81)mg/L]明显高于对照组[(15.83±2.67)ng/L、(13.68±2.46)ng/L、(1.27±0.30)ng/L、(12.35±2.67)mg/L],且对照组明显高于健康组[(3.12±0.79)ng/L、(2.76±0.54)ng/L、(0.88±0.25)ng/L、(3.98±1.12)mg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、NK细胞水平[(59.03±3.03)%、(19.56±1.04)%、(27.81±3.97)%、(22.59±3.40)%]明显低于对照组[(64.42±3.26)%、(28.10±1.91)%、(40.11±4.05)%、(35.31±3.97)%],且对照组明显低于健康组[(70.35±4.18)%、(43.38±3.06)%、(50.88±4.67)%、(40.64±4.06)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);COVID-19型ARDS重度患者的血清IL-6、IL-4、TNF-α、CRP水平[(66.58±6.10)ng/L、(30.66±5.47)ng/L、(1.92±0.45)ng/L、(28.96±3.70)mg/L]明显高于中度患者[(40.88±4.62)ng/L、(18.35±3.07)ng/L、(1.42±0.33)ng/L、(17.81±2.93)mg/L],而CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、NK细胞水平[(52.54±4.07)%、(15.20±1.09)%、(22.13±1.81)%、(18.03±1.46)%]明显低于中度患者[(61.29±3.62)%、(21.08±1.35)%、(29.79±2.02)%、(24.18±2.25)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman分析结果显示,IL-6(r=0.675、0.609)、IL-4(r=0.632、0.614)、TNF-α(r=0.585、0.566)、CRP(r=0.619、0.587)水平与COVID-19感染及COVID-19型ARDS患者病情严重程度均呈正相关(P<0.05),CD3^(+)(r=-0.539、-0.505)、CD4^(+)(r=-0.592、-0.554)、CD8^(+)(r=-0.588、-0.570)、NK细胞(r=-0.601、-0.592)水平与COVID-19感染及COVID-19型ARDS患者病情严重程度均呈负相关(P<0.05);偏回归分析结果显示,血清IL-6、IL-4、TNF-α、CRP、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、NK细胞水平均是COVID-19型患者发生ARDS的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论炎症及细胞免疫相关因子表达在COVID-19型及非COVID-19型ARDS患者中存在差异性,且与COVID-19感染及COVID-19型ARDS病情严重程度均具有一定相关性,可辅助临床识别COVID-19感染,评估病情严重程度。

玉屏风颗粒联合粉尘螨滴剂舌下脱敏治疗小儿变应性鼻炎肺脾气虚证临床研究

目的:观察玉屏风颗粒联合粉尘螨滴剂舌下脱敏治疗小儿变应性鼻炎肺脾气虚证的临床疗效。方法:选择90例变应性鼻炎肺脾气虚证患儿为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。对照组给予粉尘螨滴剂舌下脱敏治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予玉屏风颗粒冲服。1周为1个疗程,连续治疗6个疗程。比较2组临床疗效、鼻部症状评分、体液免疫功能指标及炎性因子水平。结果:观察组总有效率为97.78%,高于对照组86.67%(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组鼻塞、鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组各项评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组血清免疫球蛋白M (IgM)、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)水平高于治疗前,免疫球蛋白E (IgE)水平低于治疗前(P<0.05);且观察组IgM、IgG水平高于对照组,IgE水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组血清白细胞介素-4 (IL-4)、白细胞介素-13 (IL-13)、血管细胞黏附因子-1 (VCAM-1)水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组血清IL-4、IL-13、VCAM-1水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:玉屏风颗粒联合粉尘螨滴剂舌下脱敏治疗小儿变应性鼻炎肺脾气虚证的疗效显著,有利于改善患儿临床症状,提高机体免疫力,减轻炎症反应。