Immune-modulating therapy in acute pancreatitis:Fact or fiction

Acute pancreatitis(AP) is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract,bearing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Current treatment of AP remains unspecific and supportive and is mainly targeted to aggressively prevent systemic complications and organ failure by intensive care.As acute pancreatitis shares an indistinguishable profile of inflammation with sepsis,therapeutic approaches have turned towards modulating the systemic inflammatory response.Targets,among others,have included pro- and antiinflammatory modulators,cytokines,chemokines,immune cells,adhesive molecules and platelets.Even though,initial results in experimental models have been encouraging,clinical implementation of immuneregulating therapies in acute pancreatitis has had a slow progress.Main reasons include difficulty in clinical translation of experimental data,poor understanding of inflammatory response time-course,flaws in experimental designs,need for multimodal approaches and commercial drawbacks.Whether immune-modulation in acute pancreatitis remains a fact or just fiction remains to be seen in the future.

New Erra with Auto-Haemotherapy

The active researchers, till now, did not find a curative treatment for many diseases threatening lives of the patients. Proper management and treatment for those patients can give them longer and healthier lives. Over the years, auto-haemotherapy has been used to treat illnesses and diseases such as： arterial circulatory disorders, autoimmune diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bronchitis, allergies, ache vulgaris, skin eczema, leg ulcers, chronic sinusitis, skin lesions, HIV infection, HCV, Lyme disease, connective tissue diseases, fibromyalgia, asthma, history of heart attack and fungal infections. It helps in cessation of smoking, treatment of drug and alcohol addiction, decreasing the appetite, losing weight in obese patients and speeding up the recovery after a long period of illness. It has also been used in combination with conventional cancer treatment. Auto-haemotherapy is a simple technique where the blood is drawn from a vein and re-injected into a muscle. The blood in the muscle works as a foreign body that will be rejected by the reticulo-endothelial system. It stimulates the immune system and the bone marrow to increase the production of macrophages which are the body＇s cleaners. The macrophages cleanse everything, they eliminate bacteria, viruses, cancerous cells called neoplastic cells, this is a spring cleaning, and they even eliminate fibrin which is a clotted blood. Auto-haemotherapy is a very powerful technique with a low cost. It requires a syringe and a physician who knows how to withdraw blood from a vein and straight away does an intra-muscular injection with this blood under aseptic condition which increases and stimulates the immune system. Minor auto-haemotherapy technique was applied to 176 patients suffering from different diseases such as： Type I diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, chronic sinusitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, skin problems （vesicles, eczema, ulcer）, finger nail problem （infection, paronychia）, acne vulgaris, gastro-intestinal tract problem, lactose intolerance, connective tissue disease, AFS （adrenal fatigue syndrome）~ myasthenia gravis, fibromyalgia, gout, generalized osteoarthritis, joint osteoarthritis, low back pain with MODIC changes Type 1 on MRI （with or without spinal canal stenosis）, auto-immune diseases （ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis）, and infectious vaginal discharge. Also it has been applied to patients in order to stop smoking, and to other patients in order to lose weight. Results showed that the patients suffering from the previous different diseases improved significantly after being treated with auto-haemotherapy. In addition, the heavy smokers were able to decrease dramatically the number of cigarettes they were smoking, and the obese patients were able to lose their weight and they had less appetite.

Synergistic immunoreaction of acupuncture-like dissolving microneedles containing thymopentin at acupoints in immune-suppressed rats

Dissolving microneedles carried drug molecules can effectively penetrate the stratum corneum of skin to improve the transdermal drug delivery. The traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture is based on the needle stimulation at a specific location(acupoint) to generate and transmit biochemical and physiological signals which alter the pathophysiological state of patients. However, the pain associated with conventional acupuncture needles and the requirement of highly trained professionals limit the development of acupuncture in non-Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the dissolving microneedles can be utilized as a self-administered painless replacement for acupuncture and locally released drug molecules can achieve expected therapeutic outcomes. Immunosuppressive rats were treated with acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) acupoint using microneedles containing thymopentin.The immune functions and psychological mood of the immunosuppressed animals were examined. The proliferation of splenocytes was examined by CCK-8 assay. CD4 and CD8 expression patterns in spleen cells were detected by flow cytometry. The current study showed that use of either microneedles containing thymopentin or conventional acupuncture both resulted in immune cell proliferation, which was confirmed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, either conventional acupuncture or microneedles were able to effectively mitigate the anxiety caused by immune-suppression when applied on the ST36.