Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2:A promising biomarker for colorectal cancer

According to the latest global cancer statistics,colorectal cancer(CRC)has emerged as the third most prevalent malignant tumor across the globe.In recent decades,the medical field has implemented several levels of CRC screening tests,encompassing fecal tests,endoscopic examinations,radiological examinations and blood tests.Previous studies have shown that leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)is involved in inhibiting immune cell function,immune evasion,and promoting tumor progression in acute myeloid leukemia and nonsmall cell lung cancer.However,its interaction with CRC has not been reported yet.Recently,a study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology revealed that LILRB2 and its ligand,angiopoietin-like protein 2,are markedly overexpressed in CRC.This overexpression is closely linked to tumor progression and is indicative of a poor prognosis.The study highlights the potential of utilizing the concentration of LILRB2 in serum as a promising biomarker for tumors.However,there is still room for discussion regarding the data processing and analysis in this research.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 overexpression as a promising therapeutic target and noninvasive screening biomarker for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)has become the second most deadly malignancy in the world,and the exploration of screening markers and precise therapeutic targets is urgent.Our previous research identified leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)protein as a characteristic protein of CRC,but the association between LILRB2 expression and clinicopathological features,the internal mechanism related to CRC progression,and screening diagnostic efficacy are not clear.Therefore,we hypothesized that LILRB2 is significantly highly expressed in CRC tissues,correlated with advanced stage and a poor prognosis,and could be used as a therapeutic target and potential screening biomarker for CRC.AIM To explore whether LILRB2 can be used as a potential therapeutic target and noninvasive screening biomarker for CRC.METHODS Patients who underwent radical surgery for CRC at China-Japan Friendship Hospital between February 2021 and October 2022 were included.Cancer and paracancerous tissues were collected to verify LILRB2 expression,and the association between LILRB2 expression and clinicopathological features was analysed.Serum was collected from CRC patients,adenoma patients and healthy controls during the same period to assess the diagnostic value of LILRB2 as a noninvasive screening biomarker,and its diagnostic value was further compared with that of the traditional markers carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9).RESULTS A total of 58 CRC patients were included,and LILRB2 protein was significantly overexpressed in cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues(P<0.001).Angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2)protein,as the ligand of LILRB2,was synergistically overexpressed in CRC tissues(P<0.001),and overexpression of LILRB2 and ANGPTL2 protein was significantly correlated with poor to moderate differentiation,vascular involvement,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage and a poor prognosis(P<0.05),which suggested that LILRB2 and ANGPTL2 are closely associated with CRC progression.In addition,serum LILRB2 concentrations increased stepwise in healthy individuals,adenoma patients and CRC patients with statistically significant differences.The sensitivity of serum LILRB2 for the diagnosis of CRC was 89.74%,the specificity was 88.89%,the area under the curve was 0.95,and the diagnostic efficacy was better than that of conventional CEA and CA19-9.CONCLUSION LILRB2 protein can be used as a potential novel therapeutic target and noninvasive screening biomarker for CRC,which is beneficial for early screening and precise treatment.

Importance of human leukocyte antigen antibodies and leukocyte antigen/killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in liver transplantation

Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the hypothetical state of hepatic tolerance,which is described by eventual imbalances or deregulation in the balance of cytokines,mediators,effectors,and regulatory cells in the complex milieu of the liver.In this section,we will comment on the importance of donorspecific anti-human leukocyte antigen(HLA)antibodies(DSA)as well as the compatibility and pairings of HLA and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor(KIR)genotypes in the evolution of liver transplantation.Thus,HLA compatibility,viral infections,and HLA-C/KIR combinations have all been linked to liver transplant rejection and survival.There have been reports of increased risk of acute and chronic rejection with ductopenia,faster graft fibrosis,biliary problems,poorer survival,and even de novo autoimmune hepatitis when DSAs are present in the recipient.Higher mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)values of the DSAs and smaller graft size were associated with poorer patient outcomes,implying that high-risk patients with preformed DSAs should be considered for selecting the graft placed and desensitization methods,according to the investigators.Similarly,in a combined kidney-liver transplant,a pretransplant with a visible expression of several DSAs revealed that these antibodies were resistant to treatment.The renal graft was lost owing to antibody-mediated rejection(AMR).The HLA antigens expressed by the transplanted liver graft influenced antibody elimination.Pathologists are increasingly diagnosing AMR in liver transplants,and desensitization therapy has even been employed in situations of AMR,particularly in patients with DSAs in kidney-hepatic transplants and high-class II MFI due to Luminex.In conclusion,after revealing the negative impacts of DSAs with high MFI,pretransplant virtual crossmatch techniques may be appropriate to improve evolution;however,they may extend cold ischemia periods by requiring the donor to be typed.

Novel Association of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genes with EBV-infectious Diseases in Children

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors （KIRs） which are mainly expressed on natural killer （NK） cells are implicated in many virus infections. However, it is unclear whether or not KIRs are associated with susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） infection related diseases. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate possible correlation between polymorphisms of KIR genes and infectious mononucleosis （IM）/EBV-associated hemophagocytic Iymphohistiocytosis （EBV-HLH）. The polymorphisms of KIR genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers （PCR-SSP）. The results would contribute to clarify the association of KIRs with EBV induced diseases, and provide new insights into the role of NK cells and innate immune response against viral infections and/or subsequent progression.

Axon regeneration impediment: the role of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B

Regenerative capacity is weak after central nervous system injury because of the absence of an enhancing microenvironment and presence of an inhibitory microenvironment for neuronal and axonal repair. In addition to the Nogo receptor（Ng R）, the paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B（Pir B） is a recently discovered coreceptor of Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Concurrent blocking of Ng R and Pir B almost completely eliminates the inhibitory effect of myelin-associated inhibitory molecules on axonal regeneration. Pir B participates in a key pathological process of the nervous system, specifically axonal regeneration inhibition. Pir B is an inhibitory receptor similar to Ng R, but their effects are not identical. This study summarizes the structure, distribution, relationship with common nervous system diseases, and known mechanisms of Pir B, and concludes that Pir B is also distributed in cells of the immune and hematopoietic systems. Further investigations are needed to determine if immunomodulation and blood cell migration involve inhibition of axonal regeneration.

Distribution of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B in the nervous system related to regeneration difficulties after unilateral lumbar spinal cord injury

Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B（Pir B） is a functional receptor of myelin-associated inhibitors for axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system, and thus suppresses nerve regeneration. The regulatory effect of Pir B on injured nerves has received a lot of attention. To better understand nerve regeneration inability after spinal cord injury, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of Pir B（via immunofluorescence） in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system 10 days after injury. Immunoreactivity for Pir B increased in the dorsal root ganglia, sciatic nerves, and spinal cord segments. In the dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves, Pir B was mainly distributed along neuronal and axonal membranes. Pir B was found to exhibit a diffuse, intricate distribution in the dorsal and ventral regions. Immunoreactivity for Pir B was enhanced in some cortical neurons located in the bilateral precentral gyri. Overall, the findings suggest a pattern of Pir B immunoreactivity in the nervous system after unilateral spinal transection injury, and also indicate that Pir B may suppress repair after injury.

Expression and sub-cellular localization of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains are related to antioxidant enzymes in human ependymoma and oligodendroglioma

The current study investigated correlations between the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain 1 （LRIG1） and antioxidant enzymes and related proteins, including manganese superoxide dismutase, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic or regulatory subunit, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, in both human ependymoma and oligodendroglioma. Results revealed that the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit in the human ependymoma, while the nuclear expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of thioredoxin reductase. In human oligodendroglioma, the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. Both the nuclear and perinuclear expressions of LRIG1 were associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit. These results indicated that several antioxidant enzymes and related proteins contributed to LRIG1 expression, and that these may participate in the antioxidation of the cells.

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 as a potential therapeutic target for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has become the third-leading cause of death worldwide,which is a severe economic burden to the healthcare system.Chronic bronchitis is the most common condition that contributes to COPD,both locally and systemically.Neutrophilic inflammation predominates in the COPD airway wall and lumen.Logically,repression of neutrophilia is an essential fashion to COPD treatment.However,currently available anti-neutrophilic therapies provide little benefit in COPD patients and may have serious side effects.Thus,there is an urgent need to explore an effective and safe anti-neutrophilic approach that might delay progression of the disease.Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin(Siglec)-9 is a member of the Siglec cell surface immunoglobulin family.It is noteworthy that Siglec-9 is highly expressed on human neutrophils and monocytes.Ligation of Siglec-9 by chemical compounds or synthetic ligands induced apoptosis and autophagic-like cell death in human neutrophils.Furthermore,administration of antibody to Siglec-E,mouse functional ortholog of Siglec-9,restrained recruitment and activation of neutrophils in mouse models of airway inflammation in vivo.Given the critical role that neutrophils play in chronic bronchitis and emphysema,targeting Siglec-9 could be beneficial for the treatment of COPD,asthma,fibrosis,and related chronic inflammatory lung diseases.

Variations in killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen genes and immunity to malaria

Malaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum malaria vary among individuals and between populations. Human genetic variation in immune system genes is likely to play a role in this heterogeneity. Natural killer (NK) cells produce inflammatory cytokines in response to malaria infection, kill intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites by cytolysis, and participate in the initiation and development of adaptive immune responses to plasmodial infection. These functions are modulated by interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). Therefore, variations in KIR and HLA genes can have a direct impact on NK cell functions. Understanding the role of KIRs and HLAs in immunity to malaria can help to better characterize antimalarial immune responses. In this review, we summarize the different KIRs and HLAs associated with immunity to malaria thus far.

Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in cancer development

Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors(LILRB1-5) signal through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs(ITIMs) in their intracellular domains and recruit phosphatases protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6(PTPN6, SHP-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6(PTPN6, SHP-2), or Src homology 2 domain containing inositol phosphatase(SHIP) to negatively regulate immune cell activation. These receptors are known to play important regulatory roles in immune and neuronal functions. Recent studies demonstrated that several of these receptors are expressed by cancer cells. Importantly, they may directly regulate development, drug resistance, and relapse of cancer, and the activity of cancer stem cells. Although counterintuitive, these findings are consistent with the generally immune-suppressive and thus tumor-promoting roles of the inhibitory receptors in the immune system. This review focuses on the ligands, expression pattern, signaling, and function of LILRB family in the context of cancer development. Because inhibition of the signaling of certain LILRBs directly blocks cancer growth and stimulates immunity that may suppress tumorigenesis, but does not disturb normal development, LILRB signaling pathways may represent ideal targets for treating hematological malignancies and perhaps other tumors.

唾液酸结合免疫球蛋白样凝集素-15在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨免疫检查点唾液酸结合免疫球蛋白样凝集素-15(Siglec-15)在食管鳞癌中的表达及意义。方法免疫组化检测食管鳞癌组织、癌旁正常食管组织中Siglec-15表达情况,并比较分析其与食管鳞癌患者临床病理特征的关系。结果Siglec-15在食管鳞癌组织中表达阳性率为60.0%(48/80),高于癌旁正常食管组织中的23.75%(19/80)(χ^(2)=21.595,P<0.001)。食管鳞癌组织中Siglec-15蛋白表达与患者肿瘤直径、T分期、TNM分期、N分期及分化程度有关(χ^(2)=7.500,P=0.006;χ^(2)=10.342,P=0.001;χ^(2)=22.547,P=0.016;χ^(2)=20.508,P<0.001;χ^(2)=12.586,P=0.002)。结论Siglec-15在食管鳞癌组织中高表达,与患者的疾病进展显著相关。

新型免疫检查点SIGLEC9在宫颈癌中的表达及临床相关性分析

目的:探讨新型免疫检查点SIGLEC9及SIGLEC9^(+)T细胞在宫颈癌中的表达情况及SIGLEC9与临床相关性分析。方法:前瞻性收集2022年5月至2023年10月,于新疆医科大学第一附属医院行手术治疗或病理活检的宫颈癌患者的宫颈组织石蜡标本132例作为宫颈癌组,选取同期收治的良性子宫肌瘤行子宫全切患者的正常宫颈组织石蜡标本58例作为正常对照组;同时收集行手术治疗或病理活检的宫颈癌患者的外周血108例为宫颈癌组,选取同期健康人群的外周血86例为正常对照组。使用生物信息学技术和免疫组织化学染色、流式细胞术及双重免疫荧光染色检测SIGLEC9及SIGLEC9^(+)T细胞在宫颈癌中的表达情况,并与临床指标进行相关性分析。结果:免疫组织化学染色及双重免疫荧光染色结果显示SIGLEC9及SIGLEC9^(+)T细胞在宫颈癌组织中高表达(P<0.05);流式细胞术结果显示SIGLEC9^(+)CD4^(+)T和SIGLEC9^(+)CD8^(+)T细胞在宫颈癌外周血中表达增高(P<0.05)。SIGLEC9高表达与肿瘤直径、FIGO分期、淋巴结转移、HPV感染情况相关(P<0.05)。结论:新型免疫检查点SIGLEC9在宫颈癌组织中高表达,且在宫颈癌组织中SIGLEC9^(+)T细胞浸润较多。SIGLEC9为宫颈癌的免疫逃逸机制提供新的研究方向,并为宫颈癌的免疫治疗提供新的治疗靶点。

应用Q-PCR定性检测KIR基因有无方法的建立

目的建立定性检测KIR基因有无的Q-PCR方法。方法根据高分辨水平中国人群KIR等位基因的多态性,并参考国际IPD-KIR数据库,针对16种KIR基因及2DS4-Normal、2DS4-Deleted两种亚型,设计KIR基因特异性引物用于Q-PCR扩增反应;同时设置一孔阴性对照、一孔阳性对照(特异性扩增人体生长激素HGH基因片段),以监控假阳性、假阴性的结果。为验证Q-PCR方法的可靠性,随机选择302份已采用KIR PCR-SSP商品化试剂盒检测的标本,采用Q-PCR方法盲检和对比。结果300人份的Q-PCR检测结果与已知的PCR-SSP检测结果相符,有2份标本结果不一致,其中1例标本的2DS5基因Q-PCR检测结果为阴性,而PCR-SSP检测结果为阳性;另一例标本2DS1基因Q-PCR检测结果为阳性,而PCR-SSP检测结果为阴性。对2份标本分别进行2DS5、2DS1基因测序分型,证实Q-PCR定性检测结果正确。结论本文建立的KIR Q-PCR方法结果准确、可靠,可用于KIR基因有无的定性检测。

LAIR-1通过阻断JAK2 V617F突变的人HEL细胞JAK/STAT和PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路抑制其增殖并促进其凋亡

目的研究人白细胞相关免疫球蛋白样受体1(LAIR-1)对Janus激酶2(JAK2)V617F突变的人急性髓系白血病HEL细胞JAK/信号转导子与转录激活子(STAT)和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/AKT/mTOR)信号通路的调节作用,以及对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法采用反转录PCR和基因测序鉴定JAK2 V617F突变;应用免疫共沉淀和Western blot法鉴定LAIR-1募集的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(PTP)种类;采用CCK-8法检测HEL细胞的增殖;采用异硫氰酸荧光素标记的膜联素Ⅴ/碘化丙啶(annexinⅤ-FITC/PI)双标记结合流式细胞术检测HEL细胞的凋亡率;采用Western blot法检测JAK/STAT和PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平及细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、Bcl2相关X蛋白(BAX)和B细胞淋巴瘤因子2(Bcl2)的蛋白表达。结果在JAK2 V617F突变的HEL细胞中,LAIR-1与其配体胶原蛋白结合后可募集含Src同源域2磷酸酶2(SHP-2);LAIR-1可以下调HEL细胞JAK2、STAT1、STAT3、STAT5、AKT和mTOR的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平,并能够显著抑制cyclin D1和Bcl2的表达,而对BAX的表达水平未见显著影响;LAIR-1能够明显抑制HEL细胞的增殖,促进HEL细胞凋亡。结论在JAK2 V617F突变的人白血病HEL细胞中,LAIR-1可通过募集SHP-2抑制JAK/STAT和PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的活化,进而抑制HEL细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡。

陕西地区汉族人群KIR 基因多态性的研究

目的研究陕西地区汉族人群自然杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)基因多态性及基因型特点。方法随机抽取474名陕西地区造血干细胞无偿捐献者外周血,KIR基因分型采用聚合酶链式反应-序列特异性引物扩增技术;基因型参照等位基因频率网络数据库(AFND)中的命名序号。结果陕西地区汉族人群中,存在于所有个体的基因有KIR 3DP 1、3DL 2、3DL 3、2DL 3和2DL 4。KIR 2DS 4、3DL 1、2DL 1、2DP 1、2DS 3、2DL 2、2DS 2、2DS 5、2DS 1、3DS 1、2DL 5基因频率分别为67.51%、96.20%、98.52%、99.37%、15.61%、20.89%、25.74%、29.32%、37.55%、37.76%、40.30%。共发现44种KIR基因型,其中以ID号为1、195、2、10、79最为常见,其频率分别为29.96%、13.08%、8.02%、5.91%、5.48%。结论陕西地区汉族人群KIR基因和基因型与中国汉族人群KIR分布有一些共同特点,同时有自身的分布特征。

子痫前期孕妇血清LAIR2、HK2水平及其诊断、妊娠结局预测价值

目的 探究子痫前期孕妇血清白细胞相关免疫球蛋白样受体-2(leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-2,LAIR2)、己糖激酶2(hexokinase 2,HK2)水平对子痫前期的诊断价值和对产妇妊娠结局的预测价值。方法 按照巢式病例对照研究的方法选择2020年5月至2022年3月在延安市人民医院产检并分娩的800例孕妇作为观察队列,其中有88例孕妇最终确诊为子痫前期,纳入研究组,根据妊娠结局分为不良组和正常组;并筛选与之年龄、孕周相匹配的60例未发生子痫前期的健康孕妇作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测前期留存的各组孕妇血清LAIR2、HK2水平,同时收集各组孕妇的基线资料,比较组间差异;Pearson法分析LAIR2与HK2表达的相关性;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析血清中LAIR2、HK2水平对子痫前期的诊断价值以及对妊娠结局的预测价值。结果 研究组孕妇血清LAIR2、HK2水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);子痫前期妊娠结局不良组血清LAIR2、HK2水平显著低于正常组(P<0.05);子痫前期孕妇血清LAIR2、HK2水平呈正相关(r=0.248,P<0.05)。血清LAIR2、HK2诊断子痫前期的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.738、0.822,敏感性分别为65.91%、80.68%,特异性均为75.00%,截断值分别为5.22μg/L、24.57 ng/L;血清LAIR2、HK2预测子痫前期孕妇妊娠结局的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.738、0.768,敏感性分别为87.50%、65.62%,特异性分别为55.36%、80.36%,截断值分别为5.00μg/L、20.09 ng/L。结论 子痫前期孕妇血清LAIR2、HK2表达水平均下调,两者表达呈正相关,对子痫前期具有一定的诊断价值,且对子痫前期孕妇的妊娠结局具有一定的预测价值。

当归拈痛汤调控PERK/Bip通路减轻膝关节骨性关节炎大鼠软骨损伤实验研究

目的观察当归拈痛汤对膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)大鼠软骨损伤的影响,并分析其作用机制。方法50只SD雄性大鼠通过随机数表法分为对照组(n=10)与造模组(n=40),通过木瓜蛋白酶关节腔内注射法建立KOA大鼠模型。将造模成功大鼠随机分为模型组(n=10),当归拈痛汤组(低、中、高剂量,n=10)。当归拈痛汤组分别按照低剂量6.5 g/kg、中剂量13.0 g/kg、高剂量26.0 g/kg的药量进行灌胃,对照组与模型组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,连续给药1个月。采用游标卡尺测量大鼠双侧膝关节直径;通过酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平;采用甲苯胺蓝染色观察各组大鼠膝关节软组织病理变化;通过实时荧光定量PCR(Real time-PCR)与免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测各组大鼠蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶(PERK)、免疫球蛋白结合蛋白(Bip)、半胱胺酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-9(Caspase-9)mRNA与蛋白表达水平。结果给药期间对照组大鼠未见膝关节肿胀,与对照组比较,模型组大鼠双侧膝关节直径显著增加,采用中、高剂量当归拈痛汤治疗后大鼠膝关节直径显著缩短(P<0.05);病理观察结果显示模型组大鼠膝关节软骨局部裂隙缺损,采用中、高剂量当归拈痛汤治疗后大鼠膝关节软骨局部裂隙缺损症状显著改善;与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β含量,PERK、Bip、Caspase-9 mRNA与蛋白表达水平均显著提高,采用当归拈痛汤治疗可以下调大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β含量,PERK、Bip、Caspase-9 mRNA与蛋白表达水平,中、高剂量当归拈痛汤组大鼠以上各项指标与模型组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论当归拈痛汤可以有效减轻KOA大鼠膝关节肿胀程度,降低血清炎性细胞因子含量,减轻软骨损伤,其机制可能与调控PERK/Bip通路,下调PERK、Bip、Caspase-9 mRNA与蛋白表达水平有关。

肺炎支原体肺炎合并哮喘患儿血清维生素D、CD5L、补体C3、IgE水平变化及与病情和炎症反应程度的关系

目的探讨肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)合并哮喘患儿血清维生素D、CD5抗原样蛋白(CD5L)、补体C3、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)的水平变化及其临床意义。方法回顾性选取2020年1月—2022年6月长江大学附属荆州医院确诊的55例MPP合并支气管哮喘患儿作为观察组,另随机选取同期来该院就诊的55例MPP但无支气管哮喘患儿作为对照组。比较两组维生素D、CD5L、补体C3、补体C4、IgG、IgM、IgE、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、MMP-9。结果观察组维生素D、CD5L低于对照组,补体C3、补体C4、IgG、IgM、IgE高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组FVC、FEV1、PEF低于对照组,TNF-α、MMP-2、MMP-9高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组TGF-β_(1)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高滴度组维生素D低于低滴度组,补体C3、IgG、IgM、IgE高于低滴度组(P<0.05)。高滴度组与低滴度组CD5L、补体C4水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高滴度组FVC、FEV1、PEF低于低滴度组患者,TNF-α、MMP-2、MMP-9高于低滴度组(P<0.05)。高滴度组与低滴度组TGF-β_(1)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,MPP合并哮喘患儿的血清维生素D与TNF-α、MMP-2和MMP-9呈负相关(r=-0.471、-0.663和-0.682,均P<0.05);CD5L与TNF-α、MMP-2、MMP-9呈负相关(r=-0.502、-0.610和-0.634,均P<0.05);TNF-α与补体C3、补体C4、IgG、IgM、IgE测定值水平无相关性(r=0.201、0.114、0.238、0.217、0.226,均P>0.05);TGF-β_(1)与维生素D、CD5L、补体C3、补体C4、IgG、IgM、IgE无相关性(r=-0.083、-0.112、0.233、0.172、0.132、0.094和0.104,均P>0.05);MMP-2与补体C3、补体C4、IgG、IgM、IgE无相关性(r=0.182、0.158、0.192、0.216和0.171,均P>0.05);患儿MMP-9与补体C3、补体C4、IgG、IgM、IgE无相关性(r=0.169、0.134、0.207、0.236和0.185,均P>0.05)。结论MPP合并哮喘患儿维生素D、CD5L水平降低,补体C3、IgE水平升高,并与患儿病毒抗体滴度水平、炎症反应程度有一定的关系。

唾液酸-唾液酸结合性免疫球蛋白样凝集素轴在肿瘤发生机制与治疗中的研究进展

唾液酸(sialic acid, Sia)广泛修饰于聚糖、糖蛋白和糖脂等分子末端,保护被修饰细胞免受免疫系统的识别和杀伤。唾液酸结合性免疫球蛋白样凝集素(sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin, Siglec)作为Sia的受体多见于免疫细胞表面,肿瘤细胞能够通过异常的糖基化模式经Sia-Siglec轴调控免疫细胞功能,从而维持抑制性肿瘤免疫微环境(tumor immune microenvironment, TIME)。因此,Sia和Siglec可能是潜在的“免疫检查点”,阻断Sia-Siglec轴是肿瘤免疫治疗的潜在方法。本文综述了Sia-Siglec轴的概况、在肿瘤发生中的作用机制及基于阻断Sia-Siglec轴的治疗方法,以期为更深入的Sia-Siglec轴研究提供参考。

杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体基因检测专家共识

杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)基因家族具有复杂的遗传多态性,既有等位基因水平的多态性,同时还存在KIR单体型组成、基因拷贝数的差异性。为了规范KIR基因检测,中国输血协会人类组织抗原专业委员会与深圳市血液中心组织专家依据国内外文献和实践经验,制定了此专家共识,对KIR基因多态性检测方法、质量控制、检测报告和应用等进行了阐述,旨在提高KIR基因检测的准确性。