Ilizarov technique for treating elbow stiffness caused by myositis ossificans:A case report

BACKGROUND Myositis ossificans(MO)is a rare disease involving the formation of bone outside the musculoskeletal system.While surgical intervention is the main treatment approach,preventing recurrence and standardized rehabilitation are also crucial.Here,we present a surgical strategy to prevent the recurrence of MO.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old female patient was admitted for the first time for a comminuted fracture of the left olecranon.However,incorrect postoperative rehabilitation resulted in the development of elbow joint stiffness with ectopic ossification,causing a loss of normal range of motion.The patient was diagnosed with MO based on physical examination,X-ray findings,and clinical presentation.We devised a surgical strategy to remove MO,followed by fixation with an Ilizarov frame,and implemented a scientifically reasonable rehabilitation plan.The surgery lasted for 3 h with an estimated blood loss of 45 mL.A drainage tube was placed after surgery,and fluid was aspirated through ultrasound-guided puncture.The patient experienced a significant reduction in joint stiffness after surgery.In the final follow-up at 9 mouths,there was evident improvement in the range of motion of the elbow joint,and no other symptoms were reported.CONCLUSION The Ilizarov frame is an advantageous surgical technique for facilitating rehabilitation after MO removal.It offers benefits such as passive recovery,individualized treatment,and prompt recovery.

Non Traumatic Myositis Ossificans Mimicking a Malignant Neoplasm: A Case Report

Myositis ossificans is a benign self limiting condition that usually related to trauma. Despite a clinically and histologically distinct entity, myositis ossificans still causes considerable difficulties in diagnosis. A 33-year-old Moroccan woman presented with a 2-month history of left inguinal inflammatory pain with limping gait, MRI examination suggested a malignant neoplasm such as soft tissue osteosarcoma. A diagnosis of myositis ossificans was made by incisional biopsy. Conservative management with clinical and radiological follow up of 19 months confirm the diagnosis. The symptoms resolved within seven months. Myositis ossificans should be considered by clinicians as a possible diagnosis for a soft tissue lesion.

Giant nontraumatic myositis ossificans in a child:A case report

BACKGROUND Nontraumatic myositis ossificans is a rare disease whose specific pathogenesis is unclear.Early diagnosis of this disease is very difficult in children because of difficulties in determining medical history and nonspecific early clinical manifestations,which may lead to the failure of timely and effective diagnosis and treatment in some patients.We report the diagnosis and treatment of a child with nontraumatic myositis ossificans and summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of the disease.CASE SUMMARY An 8-year-old girl first came to our hospital for more than a week with pain in the right lower limb.There was no history of trauma or strenuous activities.On physical examination,no mass on the right thigh was found,and the movement of the right lower extremity was limited.Ultrasonography showed synovitis of the hip,and bed rest was recommended.Three days later,the child’s pain persisted and worsened,accompanied by fever and other discomforts.She came to our hospital again and a mass was found on the right thigh with redness and swelling on the surface.The images showed a soft tissue tumor on the right thigh with calcification.Routine blood tests revealed that the inflammation index was significantly increased.In case of infection,the patient was given antibiotics,and the pain was relieved soon after,without fever.However,the right thigh mass persisted and hardened.The patient underwent incision biopsy more than 1 mo later,and the postoperative pathology showed nontraumatic myositis ossificans.After approximately 9 mo of observation,the tumor still persisted,which affected the life of the child,and then resection was performed.Since follow-up,there has been no recurrence.CONCLUSION Due to the difficulty in discerning a child’s medical history and the diverse early manifestations,it is difficult to diagnose nonossifying muscle disease in children in its early stage.Measures such as timely follow-up and periodic image monitoring are conducive to early diagnosis of the disease.The disease has a certain degree of self-limitation,and it can be observed and treated first.If the tumor persists in the later stage or affects functioning,then surgery is considered.

Proposed criteria to differentiate heterogeneous eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders of the esophagus, including eosinophilic esophageal myositis

AIM To define clinical criteria to differentiate eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder(Eo GD) in the esophagus. METHODS Our criteria were defined based on the analyses of the clinical presentation of eosinophilic esophagitis(Eo E), subepithelial eosinophilic esophagitis(s Eo E) and eosinophilic esophageal myositis(Eo EM), identified by endoscopy, manometry and serum immunoglobulin E levels(s-Ig E), in combination with histological and polymerase chain reaction analyses on esophageal tissue samples.RESULTS In five patients with Eo E, endoscopy revealed longitudinal furrows and white plaques in all, and fixed rings in two. In one patient with s Eo E and four with Eo EM, endoscopy showed luminal compression only. Using manometry, failed peristalsis was observed in patients with Eo E and s Eo E with some variation, while Eo EM was associated with hypercontractile or hypertensive peristalsis, with elevated s-Ig E. Histology revealed the following eosinophils per high-power field values. Eo E = 41.4 ± 7.9 in the epithelium and 2.3 ± 1.5 in the subepithelium; s Eo E = 3 in the epithelium and 35 in the subepithelium(conventional biopsy); Eo EM = none in the epithelium, 10.7 ± 11.7 in the subepithelium(conventional biopsy or endoscopic mucosal resection) and 46.8 ± 16.5 in the muscularis propria(peroral esophageal muscle biopsy). Presence of dilated epithelial intercellular space and downward papillae elongation were specific to Eo E. Eotaxin-3, IL-5 and IL-13 were overexpressed in Eo E.CONCLUSION Based on clinical and histological data, we identified criteria, which differentiated between Eo E, s Eo E and Eo EM, and reflected a different pathogenesis between these esophageal Eo GDs.

Myositis and rhabdomyolysis in scrub typhus infection: A case report

Rationale:Fever with myositis and rhabdomyolysis is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and management.Scrub typhus associated myositis with rhabdomyolysis is rare.Patient concerns:A 36-year-old female presented with intermittent fever up to 38.6℃,jaundice and progressive weakness of all four limbs.Diagnosis:Scrub typhus associated myositis and rhabdomyolysis.Intervention:Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily and injection of ceftriaxone 1 gm twice daily along with continuous intravenous fluids.Outcome:Fever resolved with normalization of liver function and recovery of muscle power.Lessons:Presence of myositis and rhabdomyolysis is uncommon in scrub typhus;high clinical suspicion should be kept in patients with atypical manifestations of scrub typhus.

Left abdominal wall proliferative myositis resection and patch repair:A case report

BACKGROUND Proliferative myositis is a rare benign tumor that is typically self-limiting and does not become malignant.It can be cured by simple resection without reported recurrence.Due to its rapid growth,hard structure and ill-defined borders,it can however be mistaken for malignant tumors such as sarcomas.CASE SUMMARY We investigate the case of a 64-year-old male with proliferative myositis of the abdominal wall,who was preoperatively administered a needle aspiration biopsy and given a simple excision and patch repair.We then compared it with other similar cases to determine the effectiveness of this treatment method.CONCLUSION Resection with follow-up observation has shown to be an effective treatment method for proliferative myositis.To avoid unnecessarily extended or destructive resection,a thorough and conclusive diagnosis is crucial,which requires adequate imaging and pathological knowledge.

Infective myositis A one-case report

BACKGROUND： Infective myositis is rare. The retrospective report of clinical data and symptoms from one patient with infective myositis will hopefully provide more information for clinicians in the diagnosis of this disease. METHODS： A male patient, 65 years old, was admitted with ＂fever and muscle pain since four days ago, accompanied by inertia of all limbs for one day＂, to the First Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine on April 25th, 2005. Following admission, a history of diseases was record, and detailed physical and neurological examinations were performed. During the examination, symmetrical myasthenia appeared, tendon reflex disappeared, and creatine kinase levels were increased 500 times higher than normal. The patient was primarily diagnosed with hypokalemic periodic paralysis, myositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and upper respiratory infection. Subsequently, the patient was treated with the following： cefuroxime for infection, potassium supplements, breviscapin for promoting blood circulation through the removal of stasis, and ATP/CO-A for myocardial nutrition. Antiviral drugs were not administered. However, laboratory samples were continuously monitored. Creatine kinase levels decreased to normal, and muscle pain was obviously relieved following antibiotics treatment. The results led to a final diagnosis of infective myositis. RESULTS： Four days after treatment （April 29th）, muscular tenderness and throat congestion were obviously improved （＋/-）. The neurological examination showed the patient was conscious, cooperated with treatment, and had normal intellect. No abnormalities of the cranial nerve were observed upon examination. Proximal and distal muscle strength and muscular tensions of the four limbs were all normal. Reflexes of the right biceps brachii muscle and its tendon were decreased, and knee tendon and Achilles tendon reflex were not induced. A Babinski reflex was not detected. The neurological examination presented no abnormalities, and the related creatine kinases were within normal range by re-examination at 2 weeks, and l and 3 months after discharge. CONCLUSION： A diagnosis of infective myositis should be considered for patients with clear prodromes of infection, that include symptoms of periodic paralysis and elevated creatine kinase levels. Treatment with sufficient antibiotics can obtain good results.

Giant Myositis Ossificans Circumscribed Post Traumatic of Gluteus and Adductor Muscles: Case Report

Myositis ossificans circumscribed is a bone and cartilage heterotopic non neoplastic proliferation inside the soft tissues. It is a benign focal heterotopic ossification process of soft tissues, and a rare disorder that occurs spontaneously or after local trauma. Clinical and radiographic appearances are quite hustler. A careful histological examination of biopsy straightens diagnosis is necessary. There is no consensus in support (surgical or/and medical). From Benign prognosis, evolution of this pathology is usually favorable. The authors report a case of giant myositis ossificans circumscribed post-traumatic localized on gluteus and adductor muscles of the right hip on a 26-year-old man. Through a review of literature the mechanism, the diagnostic methods and therapeutic will be discussed.

Tofacitinib as a Treatment for Refractory Dermatomyositis: A Case Report

In very scarce case reports and case series, tofacitinib has been a therapeutic alternative for dermatomyositis. To corroborate the literature, we described a refractory dermatomyositis that had a good outcome with tofacitinib. Case Report: An adult female patient presented with definite dermatomyositis and with refractoriness to high doses of intravenous and oral glucocorticoids, intravenous human immunoglobulin, several immunosuppressive drugs (methotrexate, azathioprine, and leflunomide) and two previous immunobiological drugs (rituximab and abatacept). However, the patient had a good outcome with tofacitinib. Conclusions: Tofacitinib appears to be a promising alternative therapy for refractory dermatomyositis.

An early complication of Transobturator tape: Non-infective adductor internus myositis

The transobturator tape (TOT) procedure is generally felt to be a safer surgical alternative to the ten sion-free vaginal tape procedure for women with stress urinary incontinence. We report a case of adductor internus myositis not associated with infection following the TOT procedure. To our knowledge this is the first case of this type reported in the literature. A 43 year old lady underwent a straightforward elective TOT procedure. There were no intraoperative complications. Immediately following the procedure she complained of pain in her right thigh. MRI confirmed abnormal oedema within the antero-inferior aspect of the right obturator internus muscle consistent with myositis secondary to tape insertion. The tape was removed the following day in theatre, following which her pain resolved. This case highlights a previously unreported complication as a result of the TOT procedure.

Predictive Models of Clinical Improvement in Rituximab-Treated Myositis Patients Using Clinical Features, Autoantibodies, and Biomarkers

Background: Response to rituximab so far is unpredictable in patients with refractory myositis. Predictive models of clinical improvement are developed using clinical, laboratory, and gene expression/cytokine/chemokine variables in rituximab-treated refractory myositis patients. Methods: We analyzed data for 200 myositis patients (76 with adult polymyositis (PM), 76 with adult dermatomyositis (DM), and 48 with juvenile (DM)) in the rituximab in myositis trial. Clinical improvement is defined as the change from baseline to 24 weeks in Physician Global Visual Analog Scale (VAS). We analyze the association of baseline variables with improvements: demographics, myositis subtype, clinical and laboratory parameters, autoantibody status, and interferon (IFN)- regulated chemokines. Multivariable linear regression models are developed by using stepwise variable selection methods. Results: A “base” multivariable model to predict improvement with clinical and laboratory variablesonly is built with modest predictive ability (adjusted R2 = 0.21). This model includes two significant factors at baseline: Physician Global VAS and Muscle Disease Activity VAS. A “final” multivariable model to predict improvement including non-standard laboratory measures is developed and demonstrated better predictive ability (adjusted R2 = 0.32). This model includes Physician Global VAS, IFN chemokine score and IL-2 levels. The “final” model explained 11% more variability than the “base” model. Conclusions: Changes in disease activity over time following treatment with rituximab in refractory myositis can be predicted. These models can be clinically useful to optimize treatment selection in myositis.

Nontraumatic Myositis Ossificans in a Muscle of Mastication

Myositis ossificans (MO) is an extraskeletal tumor-like lesion with bone formation, and is relatively rare in the head and neck region. We report herein a clinicopathological analysis of MO associated with a muscle of mastication. The patient was a 70-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a tumorous mass in the right parotid area and no history of trauma. The surgically excised tumorous lesion consisted of proliferating fibroblastic cells with no atypia in the central portion, and a formation of trabecular osteoid and/or bony tissue in the peripheral portion as the so-called “zonal phenomenon”. The final histological diagnosis was MO, and the lesion was located in the posterior belly of the digastric muscle on computer tomography. A review of the literature showed that many cases of MO predominantly affected the medial pterygoid and masseter muscle and showed a history of previous trauma. The present case represents a rare case of nontraumatic MO in the uncommon location of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Trismus originating from rare fungal myositis in pterygoid muscles:A case report

BACKGROUND Trismus is a common problem with various causes.Any abnormal conditions of relevant anatomic structures that disturb the free movement of the jaw might provoke trismus.Trismus has a detrimental effect on the quality of life.The outcome of this abnormality is critically dependent on timely diagnosis and treatment,and it is difficult to identify the true origin in some cases.We present a rare case of trismus due to fungal myositis in the pterygoid muscle,excluding any other possible pathogenesis.CASE SUMMARY The patient presented with a 2-mo history of restricted mouth opening.Computed tomography showed obvious enlargement of the left pterygoid muscles.Furthermore,the patient had trismus without obvious predisposing causes.The primary diagnosis was pterygoid myosarcoma.Consequently,lesionectomy of the left pterygoid muscle was performed.Intraoperative frozen biopsy implied the possibility of an uncommon infection.Postoperative pathologic examination confirmed myositis and necrosis in the pterygoid muscle.Fungi were detected in both muscle tissue and surrounding necrotic tissue.The patient recovered well with antifungal therapy and mouth opening exercises.The rarity of fungal myositis may be responsible for the misdiagnosis.Although the origin of pathogenic fungi is still unknown,we believe that both hematogenous spread and local invasion could be the most likely sources.To the best of our knowledge,this is the
rst case in the literature that reported fungal myositis in pterygoid muscles as the only reason that results in trismus.CONCLUSION Surgeons should remain vigilant to the possibility of trismus originating from fungal myositis.

Intra-abdominal myositis ossificans-a clinically challenging disease:A case report

BACKGROUND Myositis ossificans(MO)is an uncommon disorder characterized by heterotopic ossification within soft tissues.Only a few cases of intra-abdominal MO(IMO)have been described in the literature.Histology could be difficult to understand and a wrong diagnosis could lead to an improper cure.CASE SUMMARY We herein report the case of IMO in a healthy 69-year-old man.The patient presented with an abdominal mass in the left lower quadrant.A computed tomography scan showed an inhomogeneous mass with multiple calcifications.The patient underwent radical excision of the mass.Histopathological findings were compatible with MO.Five months later the patient showed a recurrence causing hemorrhagic shock due to intractable intralesional bleeding.The patients eventually died within three months since recurrence.CONCLUSION The case described could be classified as post-traumatic MO that developed close to the previously fractured iliac bone.The subsequent surgical procedure was ineffective and the disease rapidly recurred.The misleading intraoperative diagnosis led to improper surgical treatment with a dramatic evolution.

Previous Pulmonary Fibrosis in Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis: A Predictive Factor for Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective: With scant studies in the literature, little is known about the risk factors for tuberculosis in patients with dermatomyositis/polymyositis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the predictive factors for tuberculosis development in dermatomyositis/polymyositis. Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cohort study initially included 290 patients with dermatomyositis/polymyositis, from 2002 to 2016. Tuberculosis (pulmonary and/or extra-pulmonary) was confirmed after dermatomyositis/polymyositis diagnosis in 12 patients (4.1%) (Tuberculosis+ group). For the control group (Tuberculosis−), 24 patients without tuberculosis were arbitrarily selected in the same period and matched for age, ethnicity, gender, age at disease diagnosis, disease duration and type (dermatomyositis or polymyositis). Results: Tuberculosis occurred for a median of 16 months after dermatomyositis/polymyositis diagnosis. Clinical, laboratory and treatment features were similar in Tuberculosis+ and Tuberculosis−groups (P > 0.05). However, previous pulmonary fibrosis in dermatomyositis/polymyositis was more prevalent in the Tuberculosis+ group (41.7 vs. 8.3%;P = 0.029). Moreover, on a multivariate logistic regression model, pulmonary fibrosis was significantly associated with Tuberculosis (Odds ratio: 9.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.17 - 78.82). Tuberculosis affected 3 dermatomyositis cases for every 1 polymyositis case, with predominantly pulmonary followed by extra-pulmonary involvement (pleura, cutaneous, muscular, joint, soft tissue and hematologic). Two or more sites were affected in 41.7% of cases. Conclusions: Previous pulmonary fibrosis in dermatomyositis/polymyositis was a predictive factor associated with tuberculosis development. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

A new feature of importance for the TNF-alpha system in inflammation—Bilateral myositis that develops early in response to unilateral overuse shows a marked involvement of TNF-alpha not only in the exercised side but also contralaterally

Using a rabbit model leading to myositis in response to exercise-induced muscle overuse, we have previously observed that TNF-alpha is involved in the exercised muscle in early developing myositis as well as both ipsiand contralaterally in the myositis which develops in response to a lengthened period of overuse. It is unknown if TNF-alpha can also be engaged contralaterally in early stages of myositis. The hypothesis was that this is the case. It was therefore evaluated whether the TNF-alpha system is early involved contralaterally. An experimental model of 1 week of overuse of the soleus muscle on one side leading to myositis was used, and in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were applied to study the expression patterns of TNF-alpha in the soleus muscle in the contralateral side. TNF-alpha was expressed in the myositis process which occurred contralaterally. There were thus TNF-alpha mRNA reactions in the cells of the inflammatory infiltrates, in blood vessel walls and in certain of the muscle fibers. Parts of the latter were necrotic fibers, whereas others were interpreted to be in a regenerative stage. TNF-alpha immunoreactions were seen for infiltrating white blood cells. The observations show that the TNF-alpha system is early involved in the cross-over effects that occur in response to unilateral muscle overuse leading to myositis bilaterally. TNF-alpha is likely to have pro-inflammatory and destructive effects but also to have effects in the muscle regenerative processes. The occurrence of an early involvement of the TNF-alpha system contralaterally to the injury side shows a new aspect of importance of this system in inflammation.

Clinical Phenotype of Japanese Patients with Dermatomyositis—Classification Based on Dermatomyositis-Specific Autoantibodies

Objectives: To correlate the precise specificity of autoantibodies in Japanese dermatomyositis (DM) patients with their clinical phenotypes. Methods: Serum samples from 94 adult DM patients (67 with classical DM and 27 with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis, CADM) were screened for autoantibodies using immunoprecipitation assays. Patients with antibodies against aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase (ARS), Mi-2 or who had other autoantibodies were assessed for clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. Results: Sera from 27 of 94 DM patients (29%) were found to have anti-ARS antibodies. Nineteen (20%) had anti-CADM-140/MDA5, 5 (5%) had anti-Mi-2, and 8 (6%) had anti-p155/TIF1-γ. Anti-MJ/NXP-2 was not found in our series of adult DM. Seventeen patients with anti-ARS had fever and 22 had arthritis and interstitial lung disease (ILD), compatible with a diagnosis of anti-ARS syndrome. Seventeen of 19 (89%) with anti-CADM-140/MDA5 had ILD, 16 (84%) of whom developed rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD). Four of 5 (80%) with anti-Mi-2 had heliotrope rash and/or Gottron’s sign/papules, and 2 (40%) had V-sign and/or shawl-sign rash, whereas no ILD or malignancy was detected. As seen with anti-Mi-2-positive patients, a low frequency of ILD (13%) was found in patients with anti-p155/TIF1-γ but 6 of 8 (75%) had malignancy during their course. The frequency of ILD was significantly higher in patients with anti-ARS or anti-CADM-140/MDA5 compared with anti-Mi-2 or anti-p155/TIF1-γ (81% and 89%, respectively). It should be noted that anti-CADM-140/MDA5-positive patients suffered significantly more RP-ILD compared to patients with anti-ARS (84% vs. 7%, P < 0.0001). On the other hand, anti-p155/TIF1-γ positive patients had a significantly higher rate of malignancy compared with anti-ARS-, anti-CADM-140/MDA5-and anti-Mi-2-positive patients (75% vs. 7%: P = 0.0004, 5%: P = 0.0006, 0%: P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: These results indicate that in addition to antibodies previously identified as specific for DM, autoantibodies newly found in these patients are useful for stratifying them into clinical subgroups.

散发性包涵体肌炎1例

回顾性分析1例散发性包涵体肌炎(sporadic inclusion body myositis, sIBM)患者的临床表现、肌肉影像学、肌肉组织病理学与免疫病理学、超微结构及肌炎抗体谱等特点。患者,男,69岁,双下肢无力3年余,逐渐出现握力差、吞咽费力感;肌酸激酶轻度升高;EMG示肌源性损害;大腿肌肉MRI示双侧股外侧肌、股内侧肌及股中间肌脂肪浸润,股直肌、半膜肌及半腱肌相对保留;肌肉组化示中度炎症性肌病改变,伴镶边空泡及p62(Sequestosome-1)、TDP-43(TAR DNA binding protein-43)在胞内聚集;电镜下肌丝间可见中等量涡轮状髓样小体;肌炎抗体谱示cN1A(cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase 1A)抗体阳性。sIBM的起病年龄及肌群受累模式有其特殊性,但早期临床表现缺乏特异性,诊断困难,分子生物标记物有助于确诊及机制研究。

特发性炎症性肌病患者电生理表现及其与肌力、肌酸激酶、肌痛、病程的相关性研究

目的:观察特发性炎症性肌病(IIM)患者电生理的变化特征及其与肌力、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌痛、病程的关系,更好地描述IIM的电生理特征,探讨电生理在IIM诊断中的临床价值。方法:选取2014年4月—2019年4月样本医院收治的103例IIM患者作为研究对象,分析肌电图各参数变化特征及其与肌力、CK行Spearman相关性分析。结果:103例IIM患者肌源性损害68例,肌源性损害合并周围神经损害27例,神经源性损害(周围神经损害)10例,未见异常25例;所检测肌肉异常率比较,胫前肌>三角肌>股四头肌>小指展肌;不同肌肉各参数总的出现率排序,动作电位(MUP)时限缩短>去多相波时限缩短>多相波增多>MUP波幅下降>自发电位>病理干扰相。MUP时限缩短和去多相波时限缩短出现率分别高于多相波增多出现率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MUP时限缩短出现率高于去多相波时限缩短,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三角肌与股四头肌的MUP时限与肌力呈正相关,三角肌MUP波幅与肌力呈正相关,三角肌、股四头肌及胫前肌的多相波百分比与肌力呈负相关,三角肌、股四头肌及胫前肌的募集相波幅与肌力呈正相关;股四头肌MUP时限、MUP波幅及去多相MUP时限均与CK呈负相关,所检测各肌肉按自发电位的“有”或“无”分两组,其中三角肌和股四头肌两组间CK比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于IIM患者针电极肌电图应选择上下肢远近端的不同肌肉分别检测,以免漏诊,三角肌和胫前肌异常率最高,各参数中MUP时限缩短和去多相MUP时限缩短出现率最高,同时IIM患者可合并周围神经损害。IIM患者肌电图呈肌源性损害与肌力、CK有关,而与肌痛、病程无关。

呼吸道感染相关儿童良性急性肌炎的临床特点

目的 分析儿童呼吸道感染后出现良性急性肌炎的疾病特点及急诊治疗。方法 回顾性分析2021年5月1日至2022年6月1日因肌痛/跛行、拒走就诊于急诊科的儿童病例40例,收集患儿的一般资料和临床表现,血常规、心肌酶、呼吸道病原抗原检测,治疗及预后。以发病中热峰38.5℃分界,≥38.5℃为中高热组,<38.5℃为中低热组。结果 男29例,女11例;年龄3~12岁,3~6岁18例,6~12岁22例,中位年龄6(5,7)岁,学龄前及学龄儿童多见。发病时间正值冬季,所有病例均为首次发病,且发生于呼吸道感染后。中高热组与中低热组下肢痛持续时间分别为3(3,4.5)d, 3(3,4)d,平均3.63 d,最短1 d,最长6 d,体温变化时间及疼痛程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与疼痛持续时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中高热组患儿以心肌酶升高为主,中低热组升高不明显,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),心肌酶升高程度与下肢痛持续时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。乙型流感病毒抗原阳性16例,肺炎支原体抗原阳性6例(乙流与支原体同时阳性1例),阴性18例,乙流多见,肺炎支原体次之,不同病原患儿的心肌酶升高程度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采取对症治疗为主,急诊留观及门诊治疗病程3~5 d,与住院时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),本病预后好,随访3个月无复发。结论 儿童在呼吸道感染后,特别是乙流感染后突然出现下肢痛及心肌酶异常,需警惕儿童良性急性肌炎,该病具有自限性及预后良好的特点。