Kevlar is the most commonly used material as armour for protection against bullets used in hand guns because of its impact resistance, high strength and low weight. These properties make Kevlar an ideal material to be...Kevlar is the most commonly used material as armour for protection against bullets used in hand guns because of its impact resistance, high strength and low weight. These properties make Kevlar an ideal material to be used in bullet-proof vests as compared to other materials. In the present study, different numbers of layers of Kevlar with different weights are tested to determine the weights and the number of layers needed to design a safe bullet-proof vest. For this purpose, several ballistic tests were performed on combinations of ballistic gel and Kevlar layers of different weights. Ballistic impacts are generated by 9 mm Parabellum ammunition. The objective is to assess the characteristics of high-speed ballistic penetration into a combination of a gel and Kevlar and determine the number of layers needed to safely stop the 9 mm bullet and thereby contribute to the design of safe bullet-proof vests. The tests provide information on the distances the bullets can travel in a gel/Kevlar medium before they are stopped and to identify the resistance capabilities of Kevlar of different grams per square meter(GSM). The tests were conducted with the use of a chronograph in a controlled test environment. Specifically, results identify the number of layers of Kevlar required to stop a 9 mm Parabellum projectile, and the effectiveness of using different number of layers of GSM Kevlar material.展开更多
The formation of plasma bullets’ring-shaped structure in atmospheric pressure helium is analyzed by using a coupled fluid model.The model consists of a two-dimension neutral gas flow module and a one-dimension plasma...The formation of plasma bullets’ring-shaped structure in atmospheric pressure helium is analyzed by using a coupled fluid model.The model consists of a two-dimension neutral gas flow module and a one-dimension plasma dynamics module.The obtained radial distributions of the electron’s number density and the nitrogen’s metastable number density have different structures under different types of reactions or air contents in the model.It shows that total electron impact ionization plays an important role in sustaining the discharge,and together with Penning process,they lead to the shifted-off structure of electron number density.Meanwhile,the ring structure of plasma bullets forms mainly due to the excitation reaction of nitrogen molecule on air contents.展开更多
软质防弹衣可有效拦截常规手枪弹和低速破片,是警察等执法人员的主要防护装备。为研究某超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)软质防弹衣在枪弹冲击下的动态力学响应,使用三维数字图像相关技术(three-dimensional digital image correlation,3D-DIC...软质防弹衣可有效拦截常规手枪弹和低速破片,是警察等执法人员的主要防护装备。为研究某超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)软质防弹衣在枪弹冲击下的动态力学响应,使用三维数字图像相关技术(three-dimensional digital image correlation,3D-DIC)进行了9 mm手枪弹侵彻软质防弹衣试验。试验获得了软质防弹衣背后鼓包(back face signature,BFS)的变形场、速度场和应变场等数据。结果表明:软质防弹衣在受子弹撞击后1 000μs内BFS高度急剧增加,达到了34.2 mm;随后增长变缓,约在3 000μs时BFS高度达到最大值60.2 mm;BFS形状由最初的四棱锥形变为最后的“金字塔形”;BFS速度在受撞击后200μs内迅速增长,达到最大值约为126.3 m/s,随后缓慢下降并趋向于0;防弹衣背后vonmises应变场分为4个L型区域,应变最大值出现在“L”的拐点处,400μs时防弹衣的最大vonmises应变为0.27。最后,采用改进的Gauss函数对不同时刻的BFS轮廓进行了曲面拟合,为快速估算任意时刻BFS形状提供了一种有效技术手段。展开更多
对防弹插板在高速冲击下的动态力学响应进行研究,不仅可为新型单兵防弹护装备研发提供指导,也可为高性能穿甲枪弹设计提供参考。首先建立了5.56 mm SS109步枪弹侵彻NIJⅢ级SiC/UHMWPE防弹插板的数值模型,采用JHB(Johnson-Holmquist-Beis...对防弹插板在高速冲击下的动态力学响应进行研究,不仅可为新型单兵防弹护装备研发提供指导,也可为高性能穿甲枪弹设计提供参考。首先建立了5.56 mm SS109步枪弹侵彻NIJⅢ级SiC/UHMWPE防弹插板的数值模型,采用JHB(Johnson-Holmquist-Beissel)本构和基于ABAQUS较件二次开发的VUMAT本构分别模拟SiC陶瓷和UHMWPE层合板,通过与基于3D-DIC的防弹插板试验结果对比验证了数值模型的准确性,获得了防弹插板背面变形(back face deformation,BFD)的动态响应过程,并开展了弹丸斜侵彻防弹插板的研究。仿真结果表明:弹丸在侵彻防弹插板40μs后速度从810m/s衰减至218 m/s,防弹插板与弹丸接触的陶瓷块严重碎裂;弹丸仅穿透了两层UHMWPE等效层,UHMWPE层合板弹着点区域产生纤维和基体损伤及分层,到700μs时BFD达到最大,为18.72 mm;防弹插板背面剪应变以弹着点为中心呈“L形”分布,UHMWPE层合板等效应力场呈“菱形”分布,且中间层等效应力水平最高。当弹丸以30°和45°角入射时,防弹插板的BFD峰值分别为11.59 mm和6.84 mm,比垂直入射时分别减小38.09%和64.46%。展开更多
基金partially funded by the National Research Foundation
文摘Kevlar is the most commonly used material as armour for protection against bullets used in hand guns because of its impact resistance, high strength and low weight. These properties make Kevlar an ideal material to be used in bullet-proof vests as compared to other materials. In the present study, different numbers of layers of Kevlar with different weights are tested to determine the weights and the number of layers needed to design a safe bullet-proof vest. For this purpose, several ballistic tests were performed on combinations of ballistic gel and Kevlar layers of different weights. Ballistic impacts are generated by 9 mm Parabellum ammunition. The objective is to assess the characteristics of high-speed ballistic penetration into a combination of a gel and Kevlar and determine the number of layers needed to safely stop the 9 mm bullet and thereby contribute to the design of safe bullet-proof vests. The tests provide information on the distances the bullets can travel in a gel/Kevlar medium before they are stopped and to identify the resistance capabilities of Kevlar of different grams per square meter(GSM). The tests were conducted with the use of a chronograph in a controlled test environment. Specifically, results identify the number of layers of Kevlar required to stop a 9 mm Parabellum projectile, and the effectiveness of using different number of layers of GSM Kevlar material.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （10775026 11275042）, Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China （A2012201015）.
文摘The formation of plasma bullets’ring-shaped structure in atmospheric pressure helium is analyzed by using a coupled fluid model.The model consists of a two-dimension neutral gas flow module and a one-dimension plasma dynamics module.The obtained radial distributions of the electron’s number density and the nitrogen’s metastable number density have different structures under different types of reactions or air contents in the model.It shows that total electron impact ionization plays an important role in sustaining the discharge,and together with Penning process,they lead to the shifted-off structure of electron number density.Meanwhile,the ring structure of plasma bullets forms mainly due to the excitation reaction of nitrogen molecule on air contents.
文摘对防弹插板在高速冲击下的动态力学响应进行研究,不仅可为新型单兵防弹护装备研发提供指导,也可为高性能穿甲枪弹设计提供参考。首先建立了5.56 mm SS109步枪弹侵彻NIJⅢ级SiC/UHMWPE防弹插板的数值模型,采用JHB(Johnson-Holmquist-Beissel)本构和基于ABAQUS较件二次开发的VUMAT本构分别模拟SiC陶瓷和UHMWPE层合板,通过与基于3D-DIC的防弹插板试验结果对比验证了数值模型的准确性,获得了防弹插板背面变形(back face deformation,BFD)的动态响应过程,并开展了弹丸斜侵彻防弹插板的研究。仿真结果表明:弹丸在侵彻防弹插板40μs后速度从810m/s衰减至218 m/s,防弹插板与弹丸接触的陶瓷块严重碎裂;弹丸仅穿透了两层UHMWPE等效层,UHMWPE层合板弹着点区域产生纤维和基体损伤及分层,到700μs时BFD达到最大,为18.72 mm;防弹插板背面剪应变以弹着点为中心呈“L形”分布,UHMWPE层合板等效应力场呈“菱形”分布,且中间层等效应力水平最高。当弹丸以30°和45°角入射时,防弹插板的BFD峰值分别为11.59 mm和6.84 mm,比垂直入射时分别减小38.09%和64.46%。
