心力衰竭患者ICD植入治疗替代决策者决策困境现状及影响因素

目的调查心力衰竭患者植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)植入治疗替代决策者的决策困境现状及影响因素。方法选取2020年4月至2023年3月在郑州大学第一附属医院心力衰竭中心就诊的ICD植入治疗患者及其替代决策者为调查对象,收集患者及代理决策者的社会人口学资料及患者疾病相关资料,由研究者代理患者填写中文简化版堪萨斯城心肌病问卷(KCCQ),由替代决策者填写决策困境量表、决策参与期待量表、维克森林医师信任量表、领悟社会支持量表和状态焦虑问卷,分析状态焦虑得分、维克森林医师信任得分、领悟社会支持得分、心力衰竭患者健康状况与决策困境的相关性,分析人口学特征与疾病特征与决策困境的关系,通过多重线性回归分析决策困境的影响因素。结果共纳入148例心力衰竭ICD植入治疗患者的替代决策者,决策者决策困境得分为(36.03±8.79)分,70.95%的替代决策者得分≥25分,存在决策困境;单因素分析结果显示决策困境的影响因素包括替代决策者年龄、受教育程度、婚姻、月收入、替代决策者角色、与患者关系、疾病了解程度、患者医疗保险类型、是否参与决策、病程等(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示:患者健康水平(KCCQ得分)、替代决策者焦虑水平、对医生的信任水平、社会支持水平与决策困境相关(P<0.05)。多重线性回归结果显示决策困境的影响因素包括替代决策者焦虑水平、对医生的信任水平、社会支持水平、月收入及患者病程。结论大多数心力衰竭患者ICD植入治疗替代决策者存在决策困境,医护人员在进行ICD植入手术知情同意沟通时应关注替代决策者的心理特征、调动决策者的社会支持力量,采用适当的沟通技巧,必要时采取决策辅助工具进行决策辅助。

NYHA Class II or III Heart Failure: Who Will Need an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)?

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most debilitating and life-threatening complications of heart failure (HF) which has challenged medical care for long. Current guidelines suggest the use of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) in primary prevention of SCD in both New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II and class III heart failure. This paper critically evaluated the evidence underlying the guideline recommendation. In contrast to recent guidelines, the majority of the intervention trials conducted on the topic till date found a promising role of ICD only in the prevention of SCD in NYHA class II HF. One of the trials which found a significant role of ICD in type III heart failure was underpowered. Thus, further trials are needed to validate the use of ICD in the prevention of SCD in type III HF.

结构式心理护理在ICD术后放电患者中的应用

目的:探讨结构式心理护理对埋藏式心脏复律除颤器(ICD)植入术后放电患者负性情绪的影响。方法:研究对象为安徽省某医院急诊科治疗的102例植入ICD术后放电患者,其中2019年1月-2020年12月的51例患者纳入对照组,2021年1月-2022年12月的51例患者纳入观察组。对照组患者给予常规心理干预,观察组患者给予结构式心理护理措施,并使用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、疾病不确定感量表(MUIS)评估和比较两组患者入科时和转科时的相关指标。结果:观察组患者护理干预后的SAS、SDS及MUIS评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:结构式心理护理能有效降低ICD植入术后放电患者的疾病不确定感及焦虑、抑郁情绪,值得临床推广应用。

Small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators:Outcome analysis using telemetry review

AIM:To determine if there were any interactions between cardiac devices and small bowel capsules secondary to electromagnetic interference (EMI) in patients who have undergone small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE).METHODS:Authors conducted a chart review of 20 patients with a cardiac pacemaker (CP) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) who underwent continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during their SBCE from 2003-2008.authors searched for unexplained electrocardiogram (ECG) findings,changes in CP andICD set parameters,any abnormality in transmitted capsule data,and adverse clinical events.RESULTS:There were no adverse events or hemodynamically significant arrhythmias reported.CP and ICD set parameters were preserved.The majority of ECG abnormalities were also found in pre-or post-SBCE ECG tracings and the CP behavior during arrhythmias appeared appropriate.Two patients seemed to have episodes of undersensing by the CP.However,similar findings were documented in ECGs taken outside the time frame of the SBCE.One patient was observed to have a low signal encountered from the capsule resulting in lack of localization,but no images were lost.CONCLUSION:Capsule-induced EMI remains a possibility but is unlikely to be clinically important.CPinduced interference of SBCE is also possible,but is infrequent and does not result in loss of images transmitted by the capsule.

Single lead catheter of implantable cardioverterdefibrillator with floating atrial sensing dipole implanted via persistent left superior vena cava

Persistent left superior vena cava(LSVC) is a congenital anomaly with 0.3%-1% prevalence in the general population. It is usually asymptomatic but in case of transvenous lead positioning, i.e., for pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD), may be a cause for significant complications or unsuccessful implantation. Single lead ICD with atrial sensing dipole(ICD DX) is a safe and functional technology in patients without congenital abnormalities. We provide a review of the literature and a case report of successful implantation of an ICD DX in a patient with LSVC and its efficacy in treating ventricular arrhythmias.

Interference between pacemakers/implantable cardioverter defibrillators and video capsule endoscopy

Our Letter to the Editor, related to the article "Small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Outcome analysis using telemetry" by Cuschieri et al , comments on some small errors, that slipped into the authors discussions. The given informations concerning the pacemakerand implantable cardioverter defibrillators modes were inaccurate and differ between the text and the table. Moreover, as 8 of 20 patient's pacemakers were programmed to VOO or DOO ("interference mode") and one patient was not monitored by telemetry during capsule endoscopy, 9 of 20 patients (45%) lack the informations of possible interference between capsule endoscopy their implanted device. Another objection refers to the interpretation of an electrocardiogram (figure 1, trace B) presented: in contrast to the author's opinion the marked spike should be interpreted as an artefact and not as "undersensing of a fibrillatory wave". Finally, three comments to cited reviews were not complete respectively not quoted correctly.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead-related methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis:Importance of heightened awareness

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) septicemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in patients with immunosuppression,diabetes,renal disease and endocarditis.There has been an increase in implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED) with more cases of devicelead associated endocarditis been seen.A high index of suspicion is required to ensure patient outcomes are optimized.The excimer laser has been very efficient in helping to ensure successful lead extractions in patients with CIED infections.We present an unusual case report and literature review of MRSA septicemia from device-lead endocarditis and the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment.

Antitachycardia pacing programming in implantable cardioverter defibrillator:A systematic review

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD) programminginvolves several parameters. In recent years antitachycardia pacing(ATP) has gained an increasing importance in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, whether slow or fast. It reduces the number of unnecessary and inappropriate shocks and improves both patient's quality of life and device longevity. There is no clear indication regarding the type of ATP to be used, except for the treatment of fast ventricular tachycardias(188 bpm-250 bpm) where it has been shown a greater efficacy and safety of burst compared to ramp; 8 impulses in each sequence of ATP appears to be the best programming option in this setting. Beyond ATP use, excellent clinical results were obtained with programming standardization following these principles: extended detection time in ventricular fibrillation(VF) zone; supraventricular discrimination criteria up to 200 bpm; first shock in VF zone at the maximum energy in order to reduce the risk of multiple shocks. The MADIT-RIT trial and some observational registries have also recently demonstrated that programming with a widespread use of ATP, higher cut-off rates or delayed intervention reduces the number of inappropriate and unnecessary therapies and improves the survival of patients during mid-term follow-up.

Induced atrial fibrillation during defibrillation test on implantation of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator

The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator(S-ICD)has become an alternative to the transvenous ICD in indicated patients.However,inappropriate shock or failed ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation conversion is the most alarming complication of S-ICD.Therefore,defibrillation test(DFT)is recommended for the S-ICD implantation.

Anesthetic management of patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator with a hand fracture

A 26-year-old male with a history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) and ventricular arrhythmias s/p automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator(AICD) placement presented for open reduction and internal fixation of an open third metacarpal fracture and extensor tendon repair. He underwent successful surgery after placement of an ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block with ropivacaine 0.5% as the main anesthetic. This case report discusses the anesthetic management of patients with HCM and AICD, different approaches available for brachial plexus blockade, and potential complications of anesthesia and surgery in this group of patients.

Electrochemotherapy and heart function:Treatment in a patient with implantable cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker

Electrochemotherapy(ECT) is a recently described therapy that relies on the permeation of cancer cell membranes by electrical pulses to enhance cytotoxic drug penetration. It has been successfully used in the treatment of primary and metastatic skin cancer. Systemic chemotherapy is the most commonly used therapeutic strategy, and the prevailing orientation calls for the administration of the maximum tolerated dose; however, considerable limitations exist including toxicities to healthy tissues and low achievable drug concentrations at tumor sites. We reported a case of an 83-years-old patient with a laterocervical metastasis of a squamous epidermoidal lip cancer. The patient had a complex medical history and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD)/pace-maker. The lesion was localized in the supraclavicular right side with a distance from the pace-maker/ICD about 5 cm, but the nodule was not deeply located. The ECT was performed un-der general anesthesia and particular attention we put on the interference with the functioning of the heart. The synchronization algorithm currently implemented in Clinoporator Vitae device coupled with the external triggering device Accu Sync proved to be effective in preventing external stimulation of the heart during the so-called vulnerable period of the ventricles. As a result all electroporation pulses in our study were delivered outside the vulnerable period and no heart arrhythmias or any other pathological morphological changes were observed. The safety of treatment was demonstrated also by absence of side effects during and after ECT.

Critical analysis of ineffective post implantation implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-testing

AIM To test of the implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator is done at the time of implantation. We investigate if any testing should be performed.METHODS All consecutive patients between January 2006 and December 2008 undergoing implantable cardioverterdefibrillator(ICD) implantation/replacement(a total of 634 patients) were included in the retrospective study.RESULTS Sixteen patients(2.5%) were not tested(9 with LA/LVthrombus, 7 due to operator's decision). Analyzed were 618 patients [76% men, 66.4 + 11 years, 24% secondary prevention(SP), 46% with left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) < 20%, 56% had coronary artery disease(CAD)] undergoing defibrillation safety testing(SMT) with an energy of 21 + 2.3 J. In 22/618 patients(3.6%) induced ventricular fibrillation(VF) could not be terminated with maximum energy of the ICD. Six of those(27%) had successful SMT after system modification or shock lead repositioning, 14 patients(64%) received a subcutaneous electrode array. Younger age(P = 0.0003), non-CAD(P = 0.007) and VF as index event for SP(P = 0.05) were associated with a higher incidence of ineffective SMT. LVEF < 20% and incomplete revascularisation in patients with CAD had no impact on SMT.CONCLUSION Defibrillation testing is well-tolerated. An ineffective SMT occurred in 4% and two third of those needed implantation of a subcutaneous electrode array to passa SMT > 10 J.

针药结合治疗ICD植入后心房颤动伴焦虑

心脏性猝死近年来愈发成为临床和公共卫生问题,植入型心律转复除颤器(Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, ICD)是目前预防SCD的一种有效方法,但目前临床文献对ICD植入后的不良反应尤其心房颤动伴焦虑的报道较少。本文结合ICD植入后心房颤动伴焦虑验案1则,对针药联合治疗ICD植入后心房颤动伴焦虑进行介绍,为临床辨证提供参考。

优化药物治疗慢性缺血性心力衰竭及ICD植入状况分析

目的 评价慢性缺血性心力衰竭优化药物治疗效果及植入式心律转复除颤器（ICD）植入状况。方法 纳入2015年1~10月心内科收治的射血分数（EF）≤0.40的慢性缺血性心力衰竭患者81例,接受优化药物治疗3个月后评估EF和脑钠肽（BNP）变化,并分析ICD植入状况。结果 共76例患者完成治疗和随访,EF值较治疗前显著升高,BNP较治疗前显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。有ICD适应证患者植入ICD比例仅29%。结论 优化药物治疗可改善缺血性心力衰竭患者心功能,但ICD植入比例严重不足。

ICD术后患者生存质量及心理状况的调查研究

目的了解植入型心律转复除颤器(implantable cardioverter defibrillator,ICD)置入术后患者生存质量(quality of life,QOL)及心理状况。方法对2012年1月～2013年1月在我院植入ICD的患者及正常人群各67例,应用MOS SF-36量表及SCL-90症状自评量表分别对整体QOL及心理QOL进行调查。结果 ICD术后患者QOL的评分比正常人群低,而心理QOL评分在ICD术后患者中比正常人群高,二者之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在ICD患者中,是否放电、病程长短(以3年为分界点)是QOL及心理状况的影响因素,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两者间性别差异则无统计学意义。结论 ICD术后患者的QOL评分整体低于正常人,心理状况评分高于正常人,说明ICD患者合并心理疾病如压抑、焦虑、恐慌,尤其是ICD植入术后放电的部分患者,需要医护人员在日常临床工作中注意干预。病程长短主要对心理因素产生影响,因此对于病程较长的患者需要加强心理干预,以进一步改善ICD术后患者的QOL。

ICD围术期未停口服抗凝药的临床观察和护理

目的探讨植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)围术期未停口服抗凝药的临床观察和护理。方法回顾ICD植入术35例患者,其中围术期未停抗凝药15例,总结护理要点和并发症的处理方法。结果 35例行ICD植入术患者均痊愈出院,随访患者无不良反应和并发症。结论术前全面评估患者围术期是否停用或替代抗凝剂,同时做好患者教育及凝血监测工作,术后严密观察术区情况,发现异常及时处理。

中国成人肥厚型心肌病患者的猝死风险评估与预防

肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是一种以心肌肥厚为特征的基因遗传病,其中心源性猝死(SCD)是该疾病主要的死亡原因之一,评估HCM患者发生SCD的风险并早期识别和预防对于该疾病的预后至关重要,现结合目前关于HCM的最新相关研究及指南,对于HCM所致的猝死风险评估及预防进行简要阐述,以期对HCM引发SCD有更加深刻的认识。

ICD、CRT、CRT-D对猝死高危人群的疗效比较

目的对比植入型心脏复律除颤器(ICD)、心室再同步(CRT)和心室再同步心脏复律除颤器(CRT-D)在心性猝死高危患者中的疗效及实施技术的可行性与合理性.方法采用逐步纳入研究的方法连续收集109例心性猝死高危患者,分别植入ICD55例,CRT46例,CRT-D 9例.记录患者术前、术后临床相关资料及心功能评价指标等,所有资料进行自身对比与组间比较.结果ICD、CRT-D和CRT组手术成功率分别为100%、100%和86.9%.术后随访5～101(平均29±18)月,ICD组7例死亡(12.7%),CRT组14例死亡(35.0%),CRT-D组无死亡.植入ICD和CRT-D的63例患者中,37例共发生951次室性心动过速(VT)/心室颤动(VF)事件,除1次因电池耗竭失败外,均被ICD/CRT-D有效纠治.植入CRT/CRT-D的49例患者中,37例的左室射血分数(LVEF)、6 min步行距离(6MWT)、心功能分级和左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)等心功能评价指标较术前有不同程度改善且持续致随访结束(75.5%),11例心功能改善,但未持续至随访结束(22.4%).3组患者生活质量(QOL)评分均较术前提高.结论ICD、CRT、CRT-D均对猝死高危患者有明显的保护作用,ICD更适合于充血性心力衰竭(CHF)较轻但有VT/VF发作史或高发倾向的患者,CRT更适合于CHF较重的患者,CRT-D应作为严重心脏器质性疾病有猝死高危患者的首选治疗.

ICD应用临床分析

目的 报告50例植入型心律转复除颤器（ICD）的临床应用观察。方法 对我院1998年5月至2005年11月植入的45例，另有5例更换ICD的患者的临床应用进行观察（3～90个月）．结果 7例患者死亡，其余43例发生千次以上严重心律失常均由ICD成功终止．结论 ICD手术过程安全，术后要密切随访，及时调整工作参数，即可达到较好防治严重心律失常降低猝死的疗效。

三腔ICD临床应用5例报告

目的 三腔ICD治疗5例心衰同时合并室性心动过速结果分析．方法 应用三腔ICD治疗5例心衰同时合并室性心动过速（简称室速）患者，4例为原发性扩张型心脏病，1例为冠心病，2例有昏厥史．4例植入INSYNC 7272埋藏式心脏转复除颤器（ICD），1例植入V-350ICD．结果 随访时间1～14月，心功能得到改善，未发生室速，均未发生昏厥，5例中1例出现室性心动过速和心室颤动发作（简称室颤）均被ICD识别并进行放电除颤治疗，挽救了患者的生命．结论 三腔ICD是治疗猝死、致死性心律失常和心衰的有效措施。