On the Adjoint Semigroup of Implicative BCK-algebras

We prove that the adjoint semigroup of an implicative BCK algebra is an upper semilattice, and the adjoint semigroup of an implicative BCK algebra with condition(s) is a generalized Boolean algebra. Moreover we prove the adjoint semigroup of a bounded implicative BCK algebra is a Boolean algebra.

Some properties of fuzzy positive implicative ideals in a BCK-algebras

In this paper, we use the notion of fuzzy point to study ideal and positive implicative ideal in BCK algebras, then we clarify the links between the fuzzy point approach, the classical fuzzy approach and the ordinary case.

Upper and Lower Bounds of the α-Universal Triple I Method for Unified Interval Implications

Theα-universal triple I(α-UTI)method is a recognized scheme in the field of fuzzy reasoning,whichwas proposed by our research group previously.The robustness of fuzzy reasoning determines the quality of reasoning algorithms to a large extent,which is quantified by calculating the disparity between the output of fuzzy reasoning with interference and the output without interference.Therefore,in this study,the interval robustness(embodied as the interval stability)of theα-UTI method is explored in the interval-valued fuzzy environment.To begin with,the stability of theα-UTI method is explored for the case of an individual rule,and the upper and lower bounds of its results are estimated,using four kinds of unified interval implications(including the R-interval implication,the S-interval implication,the QL-interval implication and the interval t-norm implication).Through analysis,it is found that theα-UTI method exhibits good interval stability for an individual rule.Moreover,the stability of theα-UTI method is revealed in the case of multiple rules,and the upper and lower bounds of its outcomes are estimated.The results show that theα-UTI method is stable for multiple rules when four kinds of unified interval implications are used,respectively.Lastly,theα-UTI reasoning chain method is presented,which contains a chain structure with multiple layers.The corresponding solutions and their interval perturbations are investigated.It is found that theα-UTI reasoning chain method is stable in the case of chain reasoning.Two application examples in affective computing are given to verify the stability of theα-UTImethod.In summary,through theoretical proof and example verification,it is found that theα-UTImethod has good interval robustness with four kinds of unified interval implications aiming at the situations of an individual rule,multi-rule and reasoning chain.

Depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex of the Dengying Formation in the southwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China: Implications for the Ediacaran microbial mound construction and hydrocarbon exploration

Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.

The Semigroup Characterizations of Positive Implicative BCK-algebras

Adjoint semigroups of BCI algebras were introduced by Huang [1] and some of its important properties were obtained. In this paper,some characterizations of positive implicative BCK algebras are given by discussing the adjoint semigroups. Moreover,the semigroup differences between positive BCK algebras and implicative BCK algebras are discussed,and some semigroup characterizations of implicative BCK algebras are given.

Discussion on the Implications of Expansion in Postgraduate Education

This paper explores the development of postgraduate education in China,including the overall situation of postgraduate education,the trend in enrollment expansion in professional degrees as well as in various academic fields;it also triggers the impact and discussion about the postgraduate enrollment expansion,such as over-education and credential inflation,as well as the concerns about the quality of education and talent cultivation and so forth.Although the expansion brings various problems,the challenges may also become new opportunities for higher education reform,this paper also provides some suggestions on the expansion of postgraduate education.

Three Dimensions of Cultivating New Generations: Value Implication, Scientific Connotation, and Cultivation Path

The new generation of the times is the latest requirement for young people in the new era,and it is the latest training goal for young people put forward by the Party and the country in the face of the second centennial goal.At the 19th National Congress,it was put forward by the country that the concept of“new generation of the times”for the first time,indicating the training direction and theoretical guidance for the new generation of the times.The new age requires young people to have firm ideals and beliefs,excellent skills,and a great spirit of responsibility.The proposition of cultivating a new generation of the times is a deep exploration and summary of Marx’s theory of“all-round human development,”Lenin’s youth view and the education view of excellent traditional Chinese culture,and the proposition needs to strengthen the leadership of the Party,give play to the leading role of socialist core values,and the youth themselves should actively act to realize the transformation of theoretical and practical results.

Implicative and Fuzzy Implicative Ideals of Lattice Implication Algebras

In this paper, we defined the concept of implicative and fuzzy implicative ideals of lattice implication algebras, and discussed the properties of them. And then, we pointed out the relations between implicative ideal and LI _ideal, implicative iedal and implicative filter, implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative ideal, fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative filter, and fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy LI _ideal.

关于BL-代数的implicative滤子的一些结果

通过研究BL-代数的implicative滤子的等价条件,得到了normal滤子与implicative滤子之间的关系,并给出了两个公开问题"一个normal滤子在什么合适条件下成为fantastic滤子?"和"在什么合适的条件下,normal滤子的拓展性成立?"结论成立的一种条件。

Implicative Pseudo Valuations on Hoops

The concept of implicative pseudo valuations on hoops is introduced and some related properties are investigated. As an application of properties of pseudo valuations, we find the relationship between a pseudo valuation and an implicative pseudo valuation and obtain some characterizations of implicative pseudo valuations. In particular, we show that a pseudo valuation on regular hoops is implicative if and only if it satisfies φ(x■x') = 0.This result will provide a more general algebraic foundation for pseudo valuations theory on algebraic structures based on substructure logic.

An Update Method of Decision Implication Canonical Basis on Attribute Granulating

Decision implication is a form of decision knowledge represen-tation,which is able to avoid generating attribute implications that occur between condition attributes and between decision attributes.Compared with other forms of decision knowledge representation,decision implication has a stronger knowledge representation capability.Attribute granularization may facilitate the knowledge extraction of different attribute granularity layers and thus is of application significance.Decision implication canonical basis(DICB)is the most compact set of decision implications,which can efficiently represent all knowledge in the decision context.In order to mine all deci-sion information on decision context under attribute granulating,this paper proposes an updated method of DICB.To this end,the paper reduces the update of DICB to the updates of decision premises after deleting an attribute and after adding granulation attributes of some attributes.Based on this,the paper analyzes the changes of decision premises,examines the properties of decision premises,designs an algorithm for incrementally generating DICB,and verifies its effectiveness through experiments.In real life,by using the updated algorithm of DICB,users may obtain all decision knowledge on decision context after attribute granularization.

Fuzzy Ordered Filters in Implicative Semigroups

We fuzzify the concept of ordered filter in implicative negatively partially ordered semigroups and study its properties.

On Boolean elements and derivations in 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebras

A 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebra(2DL-LIA)can build a bridge between logical algebra and 2-dimension fuzzy linguistic information.In this paper,the notion of a Boolean element is proposed in a 2DL-LIA and some properties of Boolean elements are discussed.Then derivations on 2DL-LIAs are introduced and the related properties of derivations are investigated.Moreover,it proves that the derivations on 2DL-LIAs can be constructed by Boolean elements.

Association between Support and Satisfaction with Life among Older Adults in Ekiti, Nigeria: Findings and Implications

Many developing countries like Nigeria lack policy for the care of the older adults and this creates major challenges for the elderly population. The traditional family institution and community support that used to be safety nest are being adversely affected by westernization. This development might have adverse effect on life satisfaction among the older adults. This hospital based cross-sectional study was designed to determine the association between support and life satisfaction among older adults. A total of 128 subjects participated in the study out of which 28.9% were satisfied with life. Expectation of support was mainly from the family, less from the community and very low from the government. The level of support received from all sources generally fell short of expectations. Marital status and source of livelihood were significantly associated with life satisfaction. There is inadequate social support from the government and support from family and community fell below expectations. Expectations of support were the most strongly correlated with life satisfaction. Support for older adults must be addressed in order to meet their expectations and improve their level of satisfaction with life.

Exploring the Implications of Patient Advocacy Outcomes among Practicing Nurses within the Hospital Context: A Qualitative Research

Background: Nurses are expected by their international code of ethics to advocate for patients to enhance safety and quality care. However, there is a limited understanding regarding the implications of specific patient advocacy outcomes experienced by nurses who advocate for patients in the hospital context. Purpose: This study explored the implications of patient advocacy outcomes experienced among practicing nurses in the hospital context. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive study design was utilized. Data was collected through purposive sampling and an in-depth semi-structured interview of 25 Registered Nurses in an acute care hospital. An inductive qualitative content analysis method was used, and the SRQR guidelines for reporting qualitative studies were followed. Results: This study revealed that nurses who succeeded in advocating for patients experienced feelings of happiness, increased confidence levels, increased work output, and job satisfaction. However, nurses who failed to succeed in advocating for patients experienced physical, emotional, and psychological consequences, which contributed negatively to the quality of patient care. Therapeutic communication and nurses’ commitment to intervene for patients emerged as vital qualities and skills required to succeed in the patient advocacy process. Conclusions: This study showed that patient advocacy has advantages. However, when nurses fail to succeed in their attempt to advocate for patients in clinical practice, the outcomes can negatively affect their own well-being and the quality of patient care delivery. These study results could promote awareness and help nurses to develop strategies for improving patient advocacy activities based on their experiences. Additionally, nurses can seek help, including psychological counseling, when necessary to enhance their optimal well-being as they care for their patients. Nursing educational institutions and hospital managers can support, train, and equip nurses with the required skills for enhancing positive advocacy outcomes. .

Influencing mechanism and hydrogeological implications of water level fluctuation of lakes in the northern Qaidam Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qaidam Basin(QB)is a concentrated distribution area and chemical industrial bases of salt lakes in China.Lakes in the QB have been expanding during the past 20 years.Rapid lake expansion resulted in some considerable scientific issues on the protection of salt lake resources and infrastructure,and monitoring of hydrological processes at the lake-basin scale.Although the spatial-temporal trends of lake changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)have been well documented,the underlying influencing mechanism and hydrogeological implications of rapid lake changes in the QB are not well understood.Three lakes in the northern QB were selected to investigate lake water level fluctuations on different time scales based on extensive in-situ monitoring and satellite observations.The influencing mechanism and hydrogeological implications of rapid changes of terminal lakes were discussed in combination with the reported increasing precipitation rate and mass balance of glaciers in the northern QTP.Results reveal the following:(1)the fluctuation pattern of Sugan Lake was asynchronous and out of phase with that of Xiao Qaidam and Toson lakes during the monitoring period;(2)Sugan Lake water rose gradually,and the rise interval was from late April to early July.In contrast,Xiao Qaidam and Toson lakes took on a rapid and steep rise,and the rise intervalwas from late July to September;(3)the influencing mechanisms for rapid lake fluctuations are controlled by different factors:glacier and snow melting with increasing temperature for Sugan Lake and increasing precipitation for Xiao Qaidam and Toson lakes;(4)in accordance with different intervals and influencing mechanisms of rapid lake expansions in the QB,hydrological risk precaution of lakes and corresponding river catchments was conducted in different parts of the basin.This study provided an important scientific basis for assessing the hydrological process and hydrological risk precaution,and protection of salt lake resources along with rapid lake expansions in the arid area.

New Developments in US Arctic Strategy and Their Implications for Arctic Governance

With the increasing strategic relevance of the Arctic region in the international system,the United States,as the global hegemon and also an Arctic country,has gradually viewed the region as an important arena to address its alleged security threats and conduct major-power competition.

Clinical implications of forkhead box M1, cyclooxygenase-2, and glucose-regulated protein 78 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma

BACKGROUND Breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma(BIDC)represents the largest heterotypic tumor group,and an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of BIDC is key to improving its prognosis.AIM To analyze the expression profiles and clinical implications of forkhead box M1(FOXM1),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),and glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)in BIDC.METHODS A total of 65 BIDC patients and 70 healthy controls who presented to our hospital between August 2019 and May 2021 were selected for analysis.The peripheral blood FOXM1,COX-2,and GRP78 levels in both groups were measured and the association between their expression profiles in BIDC was examined.Additionally,we investigated the diagnostic value of FOXM1,COX-2,and GRP78 in patients with BIDC and their correlations with clinicopathological features.Furthermore,BIDC patients were followed for 1 year to identify factors influencing patient prognosis.RESULTS The levels of FOXM1,COX-2,and GRP78 were significantly higher in BIDC patients compared to healthy controls(P<0.05),and a positive correlation was observed among them(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that FOXM1,COX-2,and GRP78 had excellent diagnostic value in predicting the occurrence of BIDC(P<0.05).Subsequently,we found significant differences in FOXM1,COX-2,and GRP78 levels among patients with different histological grades and metastasis statuses(with vs without)(P<0.05).Cox analysis revealed that FOXM1,COX-2,GRP78,increased histological grade,and the presence of tumor metastasis were independent risk factors for prognostic death in BIDC(P<0.001).CONCLUSION FOXM1,COX-2,and GRP78 exhibit abnormally high expression in BIDC,promoting malignant tumor development and closely correlating with prognosis.These findings hold significant research implications for the future diagnosis and treatment of BIDC.

Empress Wu Zetian and the Development of Buddhism:Historical Significance and Contemporary Implications

The paper focuses on Wu Zetian,the only empress in China’s history,and her relationship with Buddhism.This study focuses on the book Zizhi Tongjian and compares the differences in the portrayal of Wu Zetian’s connection with Buddhism with the ancient texts of the Old Tang Book and the New Tang Book.It uses historical contextualism to analyze the epochal implications of these differences in the Northern Song Dynasty.Additionally,the paper discusses how historians downplayed or marginalized Wu Zetian’s achievements while emphasizing the negative aspects of her reign.Notably,historian Sima Guang,who was influenced by Confucianism and his own political situation,produced a biased description of Wu Zetian and the Buddhism which she promoted during her reign.

核心素养培养背景下体验式阅读教学的价值意蕴

基于中国学生语文核心素养培养,围绕当前语文教育存在的问题,分析体验式阅读教学的“一体四面”。从为教师专业化成长开辟“新赛道”、学生转变学习方式等方面探讨体验式阅读教学的价值意蕴。