An Empirical Study of the Socratic Method in Nongraded English Teaching in Senior High School Under the Background of the New National College Entrance Examination

With the reform of the New National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao),the nongraded education will become an inevitable trend.In senior high school,the traditional test-oriented education is popular.The knowledge is mainly taught by the teachers,and the students passively absorb it.This study examines a problem-oriented Socratic experiment in nongraded English teaching in senior high school.The teachers seek output from students,who respond by interpreting questions,fostering critical thinking,and enhancing problem-solving skills.This teaching experiment indicates that the Socratic method has a significant positive effect on cultivating nongraded senior high English students’critical thinking under the New National College Entrance Examination.

Direction finding of bistatic MIMO radar in strong impulse noise

For bistatic multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radar,this paper presents a robust and direction finding method in strong impulse noise environment.By means of a new lower order covariance,the method is effective in suppressing impulse noise and achieving superior direction finding performance using the maximum likelihood(ML)estimation method.A quantum equilibrium optimizer algorithm(QEOA)is devised to resolve the corresponding objective function for efficient and accurate direc-tion finding.The results of simulation reveal the capability of the presented method in success rate and root mean square error over existing direction-finding methods in different application situations,e.g.,locating coherent signal sources with very few snapshots in strong impulse noise.Other than that,the Cramér-Rao bound(CRB)under impulse noise environment has been drawn to test the capability of the presented method.

Aerodynamics of indirect thrust measurement by the impulse method

The aerodynamic aspects of indirect thrust measurement by the impulse method have been studied both experimentally and numerically. The underlying basic aerodynamic principle is outlined, the phenomena in subsonic, supersonic and arc-heated jets are explored, and factors affecting the accuracy of the method are studied and discussed. Results show that the impulse method is reliable for indirect thrust measurement if certain basic requirements are met, and a simple guideline for its proper application is given.

Variational Methods to Nonlinear Differential Equations with Non-instantaneous Impulses

The author aimed to investigate the solvability for nonlinear differential equations with not instantaneous impulses.Variational approach was adopted to obtain the existence of weak solutions as critical points. The findings of this study may serve as a reference for multiplicity of impulsive problems.

Comparison between visual clinical examination and the replica method for assessments of sealant retention over a 2-year period

To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-, 1- and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients. Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation （fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had /〉 1 pit re-exposed） according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38 （95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.35-0.41）. More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination. Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas （P=0.47）. Using the replica method, more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the 2-year period. This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods. When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention, the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination, particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.

Removing Random-Valued Impulse Noises by a Two-Staged Nonlinear Filtering Method

Digital images are frequently contaminated by impulse noise(IN)during acquisition and transmission.The removal of this noise from images is essential for their further processing.In this paper,a two-staged nonlinear filtering algorithm is proposed for removing random-valued impulse noise(RVIN)from digital images.Noisy pixels are identified and corrected in two cascaded stages.The statistics of two subsets of nearest neighbors are employed as the criterion for detecting noisy pixels in the first stage,while directional differences are adopted as the detector criterion in the second stage.The respective adaptive median values are taken as the replacement values for noisy pixels in each stage.The performance of the proposed method was compared with that of several existing methods.The experimental results show that the performance of the suggested algorithm is superior to those of the compared methods in terms of noise removal,edge preservation,and processing time.

Method of effective evaluation for examination of chloride ion in concrete

The chloride ion contained in reinforced concrete seriously corrodes the steel surface and damages concrete, resulting in inferior reinforced concrete that strength seriously compromises the entire structure’s safety. Consequently, the examination of chloride ions contained in reinforced concrete becomes an important part of a complete quality control procedure. To effectively check the concentration of chloride ions in concrete, the evaluation process should be accurate and precise. Laboratory data ob- tained using existing evaluation methods for the examination of chloride ion are not sufficiently objective to yield reliable results with accuracy and consistency for each sample. An evaluation algorithm with capability to define indices of precision degree (Ep) and accuracy degree (Ea) is presented in this paper. The authors established a statistically reliable index of unbiased estimators and equations to critically examine the laboratory methods’ precision, accuracy degrees and application value for measuring chlorine ion concentration in reinforced concrete.

Examination of Potential Energy Curves of CFCl by Multi-reference Configuration Interaction Method

We give a detailed examination of potential energy curves of the singlet and triplet states of CFC1 correlated with the lowest three dissociation limits. The calculations are carried out at the internally contracted multi- reference configuration interaction/cc-pV（T＋d）Z level with the other two geometric parameters fixed at the state equilibrium conformation. The vertical transition energy, the oscillator strength, the main configuration and the electron transition are also investigated at the same level.

中医医院新入职本科护士培训考核评价指标的构建

目的 构建中医医院新入职本科护士培训考核评价指标。方法 通过文献研究、小组讨论,建立中医医院新入职本科护士培训考核评价指标初稿,选取来自7个省份的中华护理学会中医中西医结合护理分会的15名专家进行2轮专家咨询,确定考核评价内容及其权重。结果 2轮专家函询问卷的有效回收率均为100%,专家权威系数分别是0.962、0.980,肯德尔协调系数分别是0.220、0.268(均P<0.05),最终形成的中医医院新入职本科护士培训考核评价指标包括5项一级指标、24项二级指标和77项三级指标。结论 构建的中医医院新入职本科护士培训考核评价指标具有较高的可靠性和科学性,可为中医医院管理者及培训者选拔人才提供参考。

高原地区隧道净空绝缘间隙修正

高原地区雷害频繁,电气外绝缘性能降低。修建高原铁路隧道需要对隧道净空绝缘间隙进行修正,其中隧道-架空接触网气隙间距是确定隧道净空间隙的重要依据,雷电冲击放电电压是确定该气隙最小间距的控制因素。国内外现有高海拔修正系列标准均不适用于3000 m以上地区,考虑放电基本特性和原理,在人工气候实验室搭建铁路隧道的典型结构,并模拟高原地区气候特点,研究300~700 mm 5个短间隙在243~4000 m 5个海拔条件下的正、负极性雷电冲击放电特性。基于大气实际参数提出了3种隧道净空绝缘间隙修正方法,建议在2、3、4 km海拔处分别按照340、390、440 mm进行隧道-架空接触网绝缘间隙修正,从而确定最小隧道净空高度。该方法可为高海拔地区铁路的电气化设计和改造提供指导,具有工程应用意义。

急诊预检分诊岗位护理实习教学方法调查分析

目的探讨适合急诊预检分诊岗位护理实习的带教方法。方法随机选取2022年1—8月于广州医科大学附属第一医院、广州医科大学附属第二医院、广州医科大学附属第三医院、广州市第一人民医院、广东省人民医院等多家三甲医院急诊科实习的112名护理学生进行问卷调查,内容包括一般资料、急诊预检分诊岗位护理实习教学方法调查。结果参与调查的护生中,79名护生(70.5%)实习前已参加过急诊培训,102名(91.1%)护生认为非常有必要学习预检分诊知识,72名(64.3%)护生对学习预检分诊知识及技能非常有兴趣,105名护生(93.8%)自愿安排时间学习预检分诊知识。分别对急诊预检分诊岗位实习教学方法进行对比分析,排名最高的3种教学方法依次为情景教学法、以问题为基础的教学法(problem-basedlearning,PLB)、传统教授法。在校护生对护理实习教学方法的选择构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论护生对急诊预检分诊岗位实习需求较高,更加倾向选择能提高其实践能力、理论与临床结合能力的实习带教方法。情景教学方法在本研究中的分值最高,在急诊预检分诊实习带教中可灵活使用。

林区桥梁墩柱加固虚拟仿真实验教学探索与实践

以林区桥梁墩柱加固为例,基于现代教学理念以及虚拟仿真技术设计桥梁墩柱加固虚拟仿真资源,并实现在线共享。实验解决了土木类大型实验经费高、周期长、存在一定安全隐患的难题。结合虚拟教研室的建设,采取浸入式、自主式、交互式、探究式、反馈式教学方法相结合,探索开展虚拟综合性实验设计、实施以及教学评估,构建了混合教学模式下虚拟仿真实验教学体系。教学实践证明,通过虚拟仿真实验教学有利于混合式教学模式下学生的自主探究以及创新实践,全方面地提升了学生综合素质。

“以考促教”的考核方法设计与实施

在新工科、新农科建设背景下,教育部开展高等教育本科专业认证,明确提出通过过程考核提高课程评价的科学性、客观性和全面性,然而多角度的课程考核方式使得教师的工作强度大幅增加,为深入落实教育部课程改革创新发展理念,缓解教师工作强度过大的问题,东北林业大学电路课程组设计“以考促教”的考试方法,通过健全课程评价机制促进教学质量的提升,合理降低教师工作强度,实施效果显著。

神经外科临床带教中采取案例及任务驱动教学法的效果

目的探讨在神经外科临床带教中运用案例及任务驱动教学法进行带教的实施效果。方法选取2021年9月—2022年7月神经外科临床实习的80名学生为研究对象,将2021学年度采取传统教学法的40名学生纳入对照组,将2022学年度采取案例及任务驱动教学法的40名学生纳入研究组,对比教学效果调查结果、考核成绩、教学满意度评价以及评判性思维能力评分。结果教学前,2组教学效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。教学后,研究组解剖学知识的理解力、临床思维能力、主动学习积极性、解决临床问题能力、口头表达能力及期待临床实习评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组理论考核、临床知识、病例分析评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组基础知识理解、重点内容掌握、教学模式可行、学习兴趣、课堂气氛、教师教学热情以及师生互动评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组评判性思维能力评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论神经外科临床带教采取案例及任务驱动教学法可激发学生学习兴趣,增加师生互动,可提高学生理论知识与操作技能,教学评价效果较好。

肾内科教学中采用SHARP反馈法的效果及对教学满意度的影响

目的探析SHARP反馈法在肾内科教学中的应用效果。方法选取2021年5月至2022年5月皖南医学院弋矶山医院肾内科实习生50名,依据随机数表法分为两组,每组各25名。对照组采用传统教学方法,观察组采用SHARP反馈法。比较两组学习成绩、教学质量评分及教学满意度。结果观察组学生学习成绩、教学质量评分包括学习和学术价值、教师的情操、组织和表达、师生关系和互动、教师知识面评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组教学满意度、学习能力评分包括学生临床思维、课堂氛围、自学能力、临床实践能力、表达能力及知识关联能力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肾内科教学中采用SHARP反馈法教学的效果明显,可提升实习生学习成绩,为实习生提供高质量教学,同时提升实习生对教学方法的满意度,临床教学中可大力推广及应用。

宋代的科举考试立法——敕、令、格、式

宋代科举取士重立法。《贡举条制》是科举考试法的总称,其下又有敕、令、格、式等细化管理。科举条制从宋初沿唐制,至真宗朝始制订本朝《科举条制》,由疏而密。科举条制历经仁宗《庆历贡举条制》,神宗《熙宁科举条制》,哲宗朝元祐、元符条制修订的反复,徽宗朝《政和新修贡士敕令格式》,南宋《绍兴重修贡士敕令格式》的五次改革。宋代仅存的丁度《贡举条式》反映了科举条制在实践中的不断变化。两宋科举敕、令、格、式的延续修订,反映出宋代朝廷重视建立科举考试法,目的在于公正、公平科举考试取士。这种追求与努力也是宋代科举制能延续至元、明、清的一个重要原因。

中医思维在本科教学及考试中的应用——以江西中医药大学《中医思维方法与实训》为例

强化对学生中医思维能力的培养,已成为中医药高等院校教育的迫切共识。江西中医药大学特设《中医思维方法与实训》课程,以着力培养学生中医思维能力,通过在课程教学及考试中,优化教学模式,用中医思维串联所学基础课程,强化经典思维及《伤寒论》病-脉-证思维模式,以中医思维为导向进行课程考试设计,培养及引导学生形成中医思维习惯,清晰建立中医思维模式,取得了良好效果。

线上线下联合教学结合视频反馈教学法在诊断学教学中的应用

目的探讨线上线下联合教学结合视频反馈教学法在诊断学教学中的应用效果。方法选取2022年2—8月中南大学湘雅三医院2019级五年制临床医学专业的136名学生作为研究对象,随机分配68名学生采用线上线下联合教学模式,设为线上线下联合组,其中34名学生进行视频反馈,为线上线下联合视频反馈组;其余不进行视频反馈,为线上线下联合未视频反馈组。另外的68名学生采用传统教学模式,设为传统教学组,其中34名学生进行视频反馈,为传统教学视频反馈组;其余不进行视频反馈,为传统教学未视频反馈组。所有学生由同医院同教师授课,比较各组学生的理论和实践技能考核总成绩。结果线上线下联合组学生的操作成绩[(39.11±7.14)分]和总成绩[(75.67±4.47)分]高于传统教学组学生[(31.58±6.02)分、(67.70±5.87)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。视频反馈组学生的操作成绩[(36.93±6.30)分]和总成绩[(73.24±4.63)分]均高于未视频反馈组[(33.86±7.16)分、(70.33±6.21)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。细分各组学生成绩发现,各组学生理论成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组之间学生的操作成绩和总成绩比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。线上线下联合视频反馈组学生成绩最好,其次为线上线下联合未视频反馈组,然后为传统教学视频反馈组再次,传统教学未视频反馈组最低。结论线上线下联合教学结合视频反馈教学法能提高学生的物理诊断学成绩,激发学生学习兴趣,提高自主学习能力,具有良好的教学效果。

我国民事再审审查程序的反思和优化

民事再审审查程序是民事再审审理程序的前置环节,对于保障当事人、案外人申请再审权,过滤不符合再审条件的申请再审案件具有重要价值。当前,虽然我国立法已从管辖法院、审查方式、申请再审事由等方面对该程序作了较为全面的规定,但仔细审视,民事再审审查程序仍存在再审申请的管辖法院不利于发挥各级法院应有职能、申请再审原则上免交案件受理费不利于控制再审审查案件数量、以书面审查为主的审查方式不利于保障申请人程序参与权以及“新证据”的认定标准不利于统一再审审查的结果等问题。为进一步优化民事再审审查程序,正确定位四级法院的审级职能,应将再审申请的管辖法院统一规定为原审法院,完善申请再审案件的受理费交纳规则,提升询问、听证等审查方式的适用频率,并正确把握再审审查阶段“新证据”的认定标准。

CBL教学法联合微信平台在临床免疫学检验实习教学中的应用研究

目的探讨案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)联合微信平台在临床免疫学检验实习带教中的应用效果。方法选取2020年7月—2022年6月在广西医科大学第一附属医院检验科实习的103名四年制医学检验技术专业本科实习生作为研究对象,根据临床免疫学检验实习带教模式的不同分为对照组(n=52)和试验组(n=51)。对照组采用传统教学模式,试验组采用CBL教学法联合微信平台。实习结束后,采用出科考核成绩和教学满意度调查评价2组实习生教学效果。结果出科考核成绩显示,试验组专业基础知识成绩、临床案例分析成绩和临床操作技能成绩均优于对照组[(44.67±2.12)分vs.(43.13±1.84)分、(39.35±2.61)分vs.(35.04±2.02)分、(43.69±2.24)分vs.(40.46±2.16)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。问卷调查结果显示,试验组在授课内容、带教形式、知识点掌握、提高临床思维能力方面的满意度总评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CBL教学法联合微信平台在临床免疫学检验实习教学中应用效果显著,有助于学生更好地掌握知识点和培养临床思维,并获得了较高的教学评价。