Live births from in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer following the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist without gonadotropins:Two case reports

BACKGROUND The prevalence of female infertility between the ages of 25 and 44 is 3.5%to 16.7%in developed countries and 6.9%to 9.3%in developing countries.This means that infertility affects one in six couples and is recognized by the World Health Organization as the fifth most serious global disability.The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology reported that the global total of babies born as a result of assisted reproductive technology procedures and other advanced fertility treatments is more than 8 million.Advancements in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation procedures led to crucial accomplishments in human fertility treatments.The European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology guideline on ovarian stimulation gave us valuable evidence-based recommendations to optimize ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology.Conventional ovarian stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization(IVF)–embryo transfer are based upon the administration of gonadotropins combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)analogues,either GnRH agonists(GnRHa)or antagonists.The development of ovarian cysts requires the combination of GnRHa and gonadotropins for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.However,in rare cases patients may develop an ovarian hyper response after administration of GnRHa alone.CASE SUMMARY Here,two case studies were conducted.In the first case,a 33-year-old female diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome presented for her first IVF cycle at our reproductive center.Fourteen days after triptorelin acetate was administrated(day 18 of her menstrual cycle),bilateral ovaries presented polycystic manifestations.The patient was given 5000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin.Twenty-two oocytes were obtained,and eight embryos formed.Two blastospheres were transferred in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle,and the patient was impregnated.In the second case,a 37-year-old woman presented to the reproductive center for her first donor IVF cycle.Fourteen days after GnRHa administration,the transvaginal ultrasound revealed six follicles measuring 17-26 mm in the bilateral ovaries.The patient was given 10000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin.Three oocytes were obtained,and three embryos formed.Two high-grade embryos were transferred in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle,and the patient was impregnated.CONCLUSION These two special cases provide valuable knowledge through our experience.We hypothesize that oocyte retrieval can be an alternative to cycle cancellation in these conditions.Considering the high progesterone level in most cases of this situation,we advocate freezing embryos after oocyte retrieval rather than fresh embryo transfer.

Effect of Mitochondrial Function of Ovarian Granulosa Cells on In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Outcomes in Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

Objective:To investigate the effect of abnormal ovarian granulosa cell metabolism on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)outcomes in obese polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)patients.Methods:Patients with PCOS who met the study criteria were screened according to the inclusion criteria.A total of 32 patients with obese PCOS were recruited into the study group,and 39 patients with non-obese PCOS were recruited into the control group.The general data(age,body mass index,and years of infertility),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),granulosa cell mitochondrial function,and IVF-ET outcome of patients in the study group and control group were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The differences in age and years of infertility between the study group and the control group were insignificant(P>0.05),and the body mass index(BMI)of the study group and control group was 30.5±1.24 kg/m2 and 22.3±1.12 kg/m2,respectively,in which the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the HOMA-IR of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the ATP content in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);comparing the FSH and LH levels between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05);the rate of IVF-ET failure was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group.Conclusion:PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder,and obesity is one of the independent risk factors for the development of PCOS.

Untreated Prior Pulmonary Tuberculosis Adversely Affects Pregnancy Outcomes in Infertile Women Undergoing in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective Prior pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) on chest X-ray(CXR) was commonly found in infertile patients receiving examinations before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET). It was unclear whether untreated PTB would affect pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET.Method We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 14,254 infertile patients who had received IVFET at Peking University Third Hospital in 2017. Prior PTB was defined as the presence of signs suggestive of old or inactive PTB on CXR, with or without a clinical TB history. Patients who had prior PTB on CXR but had not received a clinical diagnosis and anti-TB therapy were included for analysis. Live birth,clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage rates were compared between the untreated PTB and non-PTB groups.Results The untreated PTB group had significantly lower clinical pregnancy(31.7% vs. 38.1%) and live birth(23.8% vs. 30.6%) rates than the non-PTB group(both P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that untreated PTB was a risk factor for decreased live birth rate [odds ratio(OR), 0.80;95% confidence interval(CI), 0.66–0.98;P = 0.028] in all patients and for increased miscarriage(OR, 4.19;95% CI,1.69–10.39;P = 0.002) and decreased live birth(OR, 0.45;95% CI, 0.24–0.83;P = 0.011) rates in patients with unexplained infertility.Conclusions Untreated PTB was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET, especially in patients with unexplained infertility, highlighting the clinical significance of PTB in this specific patient population.

Intramural pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer:A case report

BACKGROUND Intramural pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy,which is diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.Management strategies vary depending on the site of the pregnancy,the gestational age and the desire to maintain fertility.The incidence of intramural pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology is higher than that in natural pregnancy.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of intramural pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and elective single embryo transfer following salpingectomy.The patient was completely asymptomatic and her serumβ-human chorionic gonadotropin level increased from 290 m IU/m L to 1759 m IU/m L.Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound indicated a heterogeneous echogenic mass arising from the uterine fundus which was surrounded by myometrium and a slender and extremely hypoechoic area stretching to the uterine cavity which was thought to be a fistulous tract.Therefore,we considered a diagnosis of intramural pregnancy and laparoscopic surgery was conducted at 7 wk gestation.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment of intramural pregnancy is significant for maintaining fertility.

Post-salpingectomy interstitial heterotopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer:A case report

BACKGROUND Heterotopic pregnancy(HP)refers to the coexistence of ectopic pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy.Salpingectomy is proposed as a pretreatment before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)to reduce the risk of HP.HP after IVF-ET occurs in women who had already underwent bilateral salpingectomy,even though it is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY A case of a 29-year-old woman with recurrent interstitial HP after IVF-ET following salpingectomy is presented.The main symptom was a sudden and worsening pelvic pain.Physical examinations revealed signs of peritoneal bleeding and irritation with stable vital signs.Transvaginal ultrasound showed a live intrauterine pregnancy and another live embryo with cardiac activity in the left cornu extending beyond the lateral edge of the uterus.Her hemoglobin concentration was 8.0 g/dL,and serum human chorionic gonadotropin value was 171116.9 mIU/mL.With the diagnosis of ruptured HP with internal bleeding,an emergency laparoscopic resection of left cornu was performed.The interstitial pregnancy was removed with caution to protect the intrauterine pregnancy.After the surgical treatment,the intrauterine pregnancy continued with no complications.A healthy baby was delivered by caesarean section at 39 wk.Outcomes of another three cases are further summarized.CONCLUSION Post-salpingectomy HP is a rare but challenging condition.Surgical treatment is preferred in the case with a viable intrauterine pregnancy.

Effect of different fertilization time after human chorionic gonadotropin injection on fertilization outcome of patients in vitro fertilizationembryo transfer

Objective:To explore the effect of different fertilization time after human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)injection on the outcome of fertilization in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:One thousand one hundred and forty IVF-ET cycles from January 2016 to August 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different fertilization time after injection of HCG divided into four groups:Group A(38.0 h~39.0 h),Group B(39.1 h~40.0 h),Group C(40.1 h~41.0 h),and Group D(41.1 h~42.0 h).The normal fertilization rate,the normal cleavage rate,the embryo utilization rate,the high-quality embryo rate,the clinical pregnancy rate,the implantation rate,and the spontaneous abortion rate were analyzed among the groups.Then we investigated the effect of different promotion methods on the outcome of fertilization during the optimal fertilization time.Results:There was no significant difference in 2PN cleavage rate,available embryo rate,clinical pregnancy rate,implantation rate and abortion rate among the four groups(P>0.05).The high-quality embryo rate in Group D(44.6%)was the highest,and was significantly different among the four groups(P<0.05).The normal fertilization rate in Group D(71.6%)was the highest,and was significantly different among the four groups(P<0.05).The normal fertilization rate(78.1%)of antagonist group was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:The different fertilization time after HCG injection have effects on high-quality embryo rate and normal fertilization rate of patients in IVF-ET.The appropriate fertilization time of patients in IVF-ET was 41 h~42 h after HCG injection in our reproductive center,improved the clinical pregnancy rate and reduced the early abortion rate.The GnRH-ant protocol is superior to other protocol in IVF-ET.

Relationship between lower number of oocytes retrieved and clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

Objective:To explore the clinical outcomes of the infertile women with retrieved oocytes less than or equal to 5 undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer（IVF-ET） or intracytoplasmic sperm injection（1CSI）. Methods:The clinical data of 216 embryo transfer cycles with retrieved oocytes less than or equal to 5 during the procedure of IVF/ICSI in Reproductive Medicine Center of the 105th Hospital of PLA from Jul.2008 to Dec.2011 were analyze retrospectively.All the patients were divided into group A（< 35 years）,group B（35-39 years） and group C（≥40 years） according to the ages,and 409 IVF/ICSI cycles with patients’ age less than 35 years old and 6-15 retrieved oocytes in the same period were served as controlled group.Then the patients≥35 years were subdivided into gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist（GnRH-a） long protocol group,GnRH-a short group and GnRH antagonist group according to the protocols of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation（COH）.The clinical date and the outcomes were analyzed and compared among all groups. Results:There were significantly differences in clinical pregnancy rate（38.3%vs.19.4%） and early abortion rate（16.1%vs.50.0%） between group A and group C（P<0.05）,and there were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate（38.3%vs.41.6%）and early abortion rate（16.1%vs.10.0%） between group A and control group（P>0.05）.There were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rates（29.01%vs.26.1%vs.25.9%） and early abortion rates（33.3%vs.33.3%vs.40.0%） among GnRH-a long protocol group,GnRH-a short group and GnRH antagonist group（P>0.05）. Conclusions:Relatively satisfactory clinical outcomes of IVF/ICSI would still be got for the patients <35 years with retrieved oocytes less than or equal to 5,but whatever COH protocols such as GnRH-a long protocol,GnRH-a short and GnRH antagonist could not improve the outcomes of IVF/ICSI for the patients aged≥35 with retrieved oocytes less than or equal to 5.

Double Pulmonary Embolism and Left Common Iliac Vein Thrombosis after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer： a Case Report

This article discusses the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of a case of double pulmonary embolism and left common iliac vein thrombosis following in vitro fertilization （IVF） and embryo transfer （ET） to arouse vigilance for unexpected thrombosis after ovarian hyperstimulation and to serve as a clinical reference of this condition. This paper reports the case of a woman with double pulmonary embolism and left common iliac vein thrombosis after IVF-ET and the successful management of this condition. The woman had primary infertility, and underwent IVF-ET with 14 ooeytes recovered and two embryos transferred. The patient suffered breathing difficulty 17 days after the ET, and was hospitalized 6 days later as her condition had exacerbated. Computed tomographic （CT） angiography of pulmonary arteries showed double pulmonary embolism, left common iliae vein thrombosis, abnormal density shadow in uterine appendages, and ascites. A healthy baby boy and girl were safely delivered by Caesarean section after successful treatment. Thrombosis after IVF-ET is an uncommon but life-threatening complication and concurrent pulmonary embolism is even rarer. It is suggested that careful thrombosis risk assessment be taken before therapy and particular attention be paid to patients with special body constitutions to develop thrombosis. Whenever patients experience breathing difficulty after IVF-ET, it is strongly advised to examine the possibility of pulmonary embolism. The main treatments for thrombosis are anticoagulant therapy by low-molecular-weight heparin and thrombolysis by urokinase.

The Effect of Insulin Resistance on In-Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer in Women without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Purpose: Insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS);therefore, insulin-sensitizing agents are widely used to improve IR in women with PCOS. However, whether IR in patients without PCOS should be treated remains uncertain. This study aims to clarify whether IR in patients without PCOS affects the outcomes of in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and pregnancy. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2013, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 116 non-PCOS patients who underwent the first IVF–ET cycle. IR was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index [HOMA-IR = (insulin × glucose)/405]. A HOMA index of >2.5 was used to indicate IR. Based on the HOMA index calculation, 28 patients were IR(+) and 88 patients had normal insulin sensitivity. We retrospectively compared the response with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, retrieved oocytes number, fertilization rates, pregnancy rate, live birth rates, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence. Results: There were no significant differences in human menopausal gonadotropin administration, peak estradiol, retrieved oocyte number, fertilized embryo number, good quality embryo number, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, delivery rate, or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and GDM incidences between the groups. Conclusion: IR in non-PCOS patients has no effect on IVF-ET outcomes or perinatal prognosis.

Laparoscopic management of an ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at CHRACERH:A case report

1.Introduction Initially,in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)was designed to solve tubal factors infertility(TFI)by placing the embryo(s)within the uterine cavity.However,in some cases,an ectopic implantation occurs as the embryo can enter the tube.Ectopic pregnancy(EP)is the location of the pregnancy outside the intrauterine cavity.The prevalence of EP following assisted reproductive technology(ART)ranges between 2.1%and 8.6%of all pregnancies and it can reach up to 11%inwomen with tubal factors infertility history.

基于“冲为血海”的分期针灸对肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征患者IVF-ET助孕结局及性激素、子宫内膜血流参数的影响

目的评价基于“冲为血海”的分期针灸对肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕结局及性激素、子宫内膜血流参数的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月于河南中医药大学第一附属医院生殖医学科接受治疗的60例肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征,分为对照组(30例)与联合组(30例)。对照组接受单纯卵泡期长方案促排卵,在阴道B超引导下经阴道穿刺取卵,取卵后72 h移植优质胚胎;联合组在对照组基础上接受基于“冲为血海”的分期针灸,直至取卵,IVF-ET后随访10个月观察妊娠结局。比较两组胚胎获得及种植情况、IVF-ET助孕结局,治疗前和治疗后子宫内膜血流参数、厚度、类型,性激素、中医证候积分,治疗期间不良反应。结果联合组获卵数、优质胚胎率、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、生化妊娠率、活产率更高(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组血流搏动指数(PI)、血流阻力指数(RI),血清睾酮(T)水平降低,且联合组更低(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜分型A型比例,血清孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E_(2))水平升高,且联合组更高(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于“冲为血海”的分期针灸治疗肾虚痰湿型多囊卵巢综合征可缓解中医症候,调节性激素、子宫内膜血流参数,改善子宫内膜形态,促进IVF-ET中胚胎的获得及种植,最终优化IVF-ET助孕结局。

卵巢储备功能低下患者血清AMH、Betatrophin水平与卵巢反应性、IVF-ET妊娠结局关系

目的:探讨卵巢储备功能低下(DOR)患者血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、促代谢因子(Betatrophin)水平与卵巢反应性及体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的关系。方法:收集2019年12月-2022年12月在本院行IVF-ET的DOR患者137例临床资料,根据卵巢反应性将患者分为低反应组(n=112)、正常反应组(n=16)、高反应组(n=9);根据妊娠结局将患者分为妊娠成功组(n=44)和妊娠失败组(n=93)。酶联免疫吸附法检测血清AMH、Betatrophin水平,受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评估2项指标预测IVF-ET妊娠结局价值;多因素logistic回归分析影响妊娠的因素。结果:低反应组、正常组、高反应组血清AMH水平(0.49±0.13 ng/ml、0.98±0.21 ng/ml、1.05±0.26 ng/ml)依次升高,血清Betatrophin水平(156.95±16.33 pg/ml、112.17±13.42 pg/ml、92.64±11.03 pg/ml)依次降低;妊娠成功组血清AMH水平(1.07±0.36 ng/ml)高于妊娠失败组(0.34±0.19 ng/ml),Betatrophin水平(136.29±14.42 pg/ml)低于妊娠失败组(216.16±21.05 pg/ml)(均P<0.05)。血清AMH、Betatrophin预测DOR患者IVF-ET妊娠结局的曲线下面积(AUC)(95%CI)别为0.857、0.771,两项指标联合预测的AUC为0.904。多因素logistic回归分析显示,卵泡刺激素/促黄体生成素比值≥2、卵巢低反应、AMH≤0.71 ng/ml、Betatrophin≥176.23 pg/ml是DOR患者IVF-ET妊娠失败的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:血清AMH、Betatrophin水平与DOR患者卵巢反应性、IVF-ET妊娠结局有关,二者有望作为预测DOR患者IVF-ET妊娠结局的生物标记物。

不孕症患者IVF-ET后不明原因反复种植失败的预测因素分析

目的分析不孕症患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)后不明原因反复种植失败(RIF)的预测因素。方法前瞻性纳入2020年6月至2022年6月无锡市妇幼保健院接诊的82例IVF-ET的不孕症患者作为研究对象,根据RIF发生原因将患者分为RIF组与不明原因RIF组。比较两组患者的基线资料、实验室指标,分析IVF-ET后不明原因RIF的影响因素;分析各项影响因素对不孕症患者IVF-ET后不明原因RIF的预测价值。结果82例患者中不明原因RIF 22例,占比为26.83%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,高水平CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)是不孕症患者IVF-ET后不明原因RIF的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),高水平抗米勒管激素(AMH)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)是其保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线结果显示,AMH、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、FIB、VEGF、G-CSF预测不孕症患者IVF-ET后不明原因RIF的曲线下面积(AUC)>0.70,均具有一定预测价值。结论AMH、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、FIB、VEGF、G-CSF对不孕症患者IVF-ET后不明原因RIF有一定预测价值。

健脾补肾活血汤辅助IVF-ET对不孕患者卵巢储备功能、胚胎质量及妊娠率的影响

目的:探讨健脾补肾活血汤辅助体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)对不孕患者卵巢储备功能、胚胎质量及妊娠率的影响。方法:选取医院2019年11月~2022年11月68例不孕症患者,随机数字表法分为两组,均34例。对照组采用IVF-ET治疗,观察组采用健脾补肾活血汤辅助IVF-ET治疗。观察疗效,对比治疗前后中医证候积分、卵巢储备功能、胚胎质量及妊娠情况。结果:观察组较对照组总有效率升高(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组较对照组中医证候积分降低(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组较对照组卵泡最大直径、子宫内膜厚度均升高,卵巢体积降低(P<0.05);观察组较对照组可用胚胎数、优质胚胎数均升高(P<0.05);观察组较对照组生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率均升高(P<0.05)。结论:健脾补肾活血汤辅助IVF-ET治疗不孕症的疗效显著,能缓解患者症状,改善卵巢储备功能,提高胚胎质量及妊娠率。

中药安胎一号穴位贴敷联合黄体酮治疗IVF-ET术后先兆流产疗效分析

目的探讨中药安胎一号穴位贴敷联合黄体酮治疗IVF-ET术后先兆流产患者的疗效。方法选择2021年5月—2022年5月医院收治的80例IVF-ET术后先兆流产患者,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组使用黄体酮注射液治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上,联合中药安胎一号穴位贴敷治疗,两组均持续治疗2周。2周后比较两组治疗后的临床疗效、中医证候积分、雌二醇(E_(2))、孕酮(P)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)水平及不良反应发生率。结果观察组临床疗效总有效率比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组阴道出血、腰腹疼痛、神疲乏力、头晕耳鸣积分均低于对照组,E_(2)、P、β-HCG水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率相比,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论中药安胎一号穴位贴敷联合黄体酮治疗IVF-ET术后先兆流产患者的疗效明显,缓解临床症状,并改善性激素水平,值得临床推广。

子宫腺肌病病灶位置与IVF-ET结局的相关性研究

目的探讨子宫腺肌病患者病灶位置对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响。方法选取唐山市妇幼保健院2019年10月至2022年10月收治的335例有妊娠意愿的子宫腺肌病患者作为研究对象。所有患者均进行磁共振成像检查,根据病灶位置将患者分为肌层组(病灶累及子宫肌层)、浆膜组(病灶位于子宫浆膜侧)和内膜组(病灶位于子宫内膜侧)。比较三组患者行IVF-ET的妊娠率、流产率和最终活产率。结果最终280例患者纳入研究,包括178例肌层组,70例浆膜组和32例内膜组。浆膜组患者IVF-ET后的流产率显著低于肌层组和内膜组(P<0.05),且最终活产率显著高于肌层组和内膜组(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,与肌层组相比,浆膜组患者IVF-ET后的流产风险小(OR=0.07,95%CI:0.00~0.62,P=0.014)且活产率较高(OR=8.38,95%CI:1.47~31.38,P=0.020)。结论子宫腺肌病病灶位置会影响IVF-ET结局,评估子宫腺肌病病灶位置有助于确定治疗方案。

卵巢低反应人群IVF-ET中采取拮抗剂方案与PPOS方案的疗效比较

目的探讨拮抗剂方案与高孕激素促排卵(PPOS)方案在卵巢低反应人群体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中的应用效果。方法选择该院2018年1月至2022年7月就诊的卵巢低反应患者128例为研究对象,根据促排卵方案不同分为拮抗剂组和PPOS组,每组64例。比较两组重组人绒毛膜促性腺素(HCG)注射日性激素水平[孕酮(P)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E_(2))、促黄体生成素(LH)]、卵泡周围血流参数[搏动指数(PI)、收缩期最大血流速度(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)、动脉收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期血流速度(S/D)]、血清生长分化因子-9(GDF-9)、骨形态发生蛋白-15(BMP-15)及促排卵情况、胚胎质量、妊娠结局。结果PPOS组HCG注射日血清E_(2)、BMP-15水平及PSV、优势卵泡数、可移植胚胎数、获卵数、成熟卵数、优质胚胎数、两原核(2PN)受精数、临床妊娠率、活产率大于或高于拮抗剂组,LH水平、周期取消率、流产率低于拮抗剂组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在卵巢低反应人群IVF-ET中,与拮抗剂方案相比,PPOS方案可通过调节性激素水平,改善卵泡周围血流参数及BMP-15水平,提升促排卵效果,改善胚胎质量及妊娠结局。

Reproductive Outcomes in Women with Prior Cesarean Section Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization:A Retrospective Case-control Study

The impact of prior cesarean section（CS） on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer（IVF-ET） was investigated. A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients with prior CS between January 2013 and December 2015. The pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes of patients who had previous CS delivery and received IVF-ET were analyzed. The control group comprised 166 patients who had only previous vaginal delivery（VD） and received IVF-ET during the same period. The results showed that the basal follicle stimulating hormone level, estradiol level on human chorionic gonadotropin（h CG） day, gonadotrophin dosage, duration of stimulation, retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, multiple birth rate, abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate had no significant difference between the two groups（P〉0.05）. The pregnancy rate（40.28% vs. 54.22%） and implantation rate（24.01% vs. 34.67%） were significantly lower（P〈0.05）, and the ratio of embryo difficulty transfer（9/144 vs. 0/166） was significantly higher in CS group than in VD group. The risk of pernicious placenta previa and postpartum hemorrhage in twin deliveries was significantly increased in CS group as compared with that in VD group（P〈0.05）, and gestational age and neonatal birth weight were significantly reduced in twin deliveries as compared with singleton deliveries in both groups（P〈0.05）. It was suggested that the existence of CS scar may impact embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome, and increase the difficulty of ET. We should limit the number of transfer embryos to avoid multiple pregnancies and strengthen gestational supervision in patients with cesarean scar.

脐周八穴埋线对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征不孕症患者IVF-ET治疗结局的影响

目的:探讨脐周八穴埋线治疗对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响。方法:将90例肥胖型PCOS不孕症患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。对照组患者接受IVF-ET治疗,观察组患者以脐周八穴埋线联合IVF-ET治疗,检测治疗前、后患者抑制素B(INHB)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP-4)、白脂素(Asprosin)、瘦素(LEP)、脂联素(APN)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平,以及卵巢基质血流动力学指标舒张末期流速(EDV)、收缩期最大流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI),记录患者促性腺激素(Gn)使用剂量、获取卵泡个数、MⅡ卵率、受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、流产率。结果:治疗后,两组患者INHB、T、LH、TC、TG、Asprosin、RBP-4、LEP、IL-17水平较治疗前降低,FSH、APN水平较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组INHB、T、LH、TC、TG、Asprosin、RBP-4、LEP、IL-17水平较对照组低,FSH、APN水平较对照组高(P<0.05);治疗后,两组EDV、RI水平均降低,PSV水平升高(P<0.05),且观察组EDV、RI水平较对照组低,PSV水平较对照组高(P<0.05);观察组Gn使用剂量少于对照组(P<0.05),获取卵泡个数多于对照组(P<0.05),受精率、MⅡ卵率、临床妊娠率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:脐周八穴埋线治疗肥胖型PCOS不孕症行IVF-ET患者,可改善患者性激素指标,调节卵巢储备功能与基质血流动力学,改善糖脂代谢与胰岛素敏感性,抑制机体炎症,有利于获取卵泡,改善妊娠结局。

尤昭玲教授诊疗早发性卵巢功能不全患者IVF-ET中医辅助方案的构建与临证实践

早发性卵巢功能不全(premature ovarian insufficiency, POI)是指女性在40岁之前出现性腺功能的减退,临床表现为继发性闭经、不孕,常伴有夜间睡眠过程中出汗、失眠、记忆力减退等围绝经期症状。本文主要介绍尤昭玲教授对患者行中医辅助IVF-ET论证思路及特色治疗。尤教授认为POI患者不孕的主要病因为肾元亏虚、血瘀致病,故在治疗上以固本培元、活血化瘀为主,并根据二期序贯与三期三法,采用尤氏“辨卵调泡八法”,妙用花药随证加减,同时佐以食疗巩固疗效。并附验案1则,以资佐证。