In Senegal, tomato (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum lycopersicum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) cultivation is affected by salinity in...In Senegal, tomato (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum lycopersicum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) cultivation is affected by salinity in many agro-ecological zones. The selection of salt tolerant varieties would be an alternative solution to enhance the production. Thus, germination and growth are studied under axenic conditions for five varieties of tomato subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl [0, 35, 70 and 105 mM], and supplemented in an MS/2 medium for 30 days. The results reveal that salt negatively affects the evaluated parameters. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rodeo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lady Nema </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">varieties have the lowest final germination rates (50%) unlike the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mongal</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety (55%). These last two varieties have a decrease of 71.78% and 81.28% in the height of the stem, respectively, in the presence of NaCl at [105 mM] while that of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rodeo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety is 70%. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Xewel</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety has the greatest average number of leaves in the presence of [NaCl 35 mM] (4.95 leaves) and [NaCl 70 mM] (4.77 leaves). The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lady Nema</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety records the longest taproot length (2.99 cm) unlike the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rodeo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety (2.25 cm) at [NaCl 105 mM]. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ganila</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety reveals the highest number of secondary roots at the concentrations of [0, 35 and 105 mM] of NaCl with, respectively, 44.12, 29.25, and 4.25 roots. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lady Nema</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety records the highest fresh weight of aerial (0.055 g) and root parts (0.014 g) and the lowest root dry weights (0.0023 g). These results allow to conclude that the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lady Nema </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Mongal</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> varieties seem more tolerant, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ganila </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Xewel</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are moderately tolerant and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rodeo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is more sensitive to the presence of salt.</span>展开更多
In the procerebrum (PC), the olfactory center, of the land slug Limax, an oscillation of local field potential (LFP) with 0.5 - 1 Hz is observed by electrophysiological extracellular recording. The oscillation has a p...In the procerebrum (PC), the olfactory center, of the land slug Limax, an oscillation of local field potential (LFP) with 0.5 - 1 Hz is observed by electrophysiological extracellular recording. The oscillation has a phase delay along the distal-proximal axis, resulting in the propagation of waves from the distal to proximal region. One important advantage of nervous systems of mollusks such as Limax is that their nervous systems in vitro retain several types of computational properties found in vivo (e.g. learning and memory). A previous study showed that the LFP frequency in the PC of Limax increased specifically in response to innately aversive and in vitro aversively conditioned odors. In the present study, we examined spatiotemporal neural activity changes induced in the PC by those odors using the fluorescent voltage imaging technique. The results showed that innately aversive (onion and hexanol) and in vitro aversively conditioned (carrot, which is innately attractive) odors specifically induced an increase in propagation speed of the neural activity in the PC, while innately attractive odors did not induce it. The results also suggested that the avoidance behavior by those odors might be induced by the increase of propagation speed and the following increases in the discharges of the partial nerve that transmits the motor output.展开更多
Water is the main limiting factor in the cultivation of tomato (<i>Solanum lyco<span>persicum</span></i><span> L.) in Senegal. Thus, the selection of varieties tolerant to water st</sp...Water is the main limiting factor in the cultivation of tomato (<i>Solanum lyco<span>persicum</span></i><span> L.) in Senegal. Thus, the selection of varieties tolerant to water st</span>ress would be an alternative solution for their production. <i>In vitro </i>germination, growth, total chlorophyll and proline levels were studied in five varieties of tomato subjected to increasing osmotic pressures (0, 5, 10 and 15 kPa) thanks to the PEG-8000 incorporated in an MS/2 medium for 30 days. A strong sen<span>sitivity to water stress for <i>in vitro</i> seed germination in the <i>Rodeo</i> variety (4</span>1%) is recorded at 5 kPa and maintained at 15 kPa (20.83%) while it was only noticed at 15 kPa in the other tomato varieties. The <i>Xewel</i> and <i>Lady Nema</i> varieties obtained the smallest reductions in the number of leaves of vitroplants, with 30.79% and 27.97% at 15 kPa, respectively, and the <i>Rodeo</i> variety recorded a reduction of 35.97%. From 5 kPa, the varieties record reductions in <span>the number of secondary roots of more than 15%. The effect of osmotic pr</span>essures on decreasing the taproot height and length is not significant. The <i>Xewel </i>variety had the highest average fresh (0.483 g) and dry (0.082 g) weights of the aerial part at 15 kPa and the <i>Rodeo</i> variety </span><span style="font-family:"">had </span><span style="font-family:"">the lowest ones (0.308 g and 0.0501 g). The <i>Lady Nema</i> variety had the highest average fresh (0.171 g) and dry (0.039 g) root weights and the <i>Rodeo</i> variety</span><span style="font-family:""> had</span><span style="font-family:""> the lowest ones (0.086 and 0.020 g). The vitroplants of <i>Rodeo </i>variety recorded the highest decreases in total chlorophyll contents at all osmotic pressures and the lowest increase in proline content (53.37%) at 15 kPa. <i>A contrario</i>, the <i>Xewel</i> variety recorded the greatest increase in proline content (116.26%). Ultimately, the vitroplants of <i>Lady Nem</i>a and <i>Xewe</i>l varieties were more tolerant to water stress, the <i>Ganila </i>and<i> Mongal </i>varieties were moderately tolerant and the <i>Rodeo</i> variety was the most sensitive.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to find the effect of three types of donor plants growing conditions (growth chamber, open space + growth chambers and open space) on callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration a...An experiment was conducted to find the effect of three types of donor plants growing conditions (growth chamber, open space + growth chambers and open space) on callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration and productive shoot regeneration from the anthers culture in vitro of four rice hybrid (1-2, 2-1, 7-1, 13-3) developed by Primorsky Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Five variants of N6 medium (N6-I, N6-2, N6-3, Mix-l, N6-4) were used as basal medium. Mean value of callus induction frequency on three types of conditions ranged from 5.68% to 9.44% and the difference was non-significantly. In general, callus derived from donor plants grown on condition of open space + growth chambers showed significantly better performances for plant regeneration (0.23 green regenerants on anther and 3.77 green regenerants on callus) and productive shoot regeneration (0.06 productive regenerants on anther and 0.56 productive regenerants on callus). Favourable conditions for donor plant growth in open space positively affect on callus induction and regenaration. It is possible to get assured results on many hybrids, but not the highest. In growth chamber, frequency of callus induction can be the maximal only on some samples, few hybrids are resulted in deficiency of callus induction.展开更多
文摘In Senegal, tomato (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum lycopersicum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) cultivation is affected by salinity in many agro-ecological zones. The selection of salt tolerant varieties would be an alternative solution to enhance the production. Thus, germination and growth are studied under axenic conditions for five varieties of tomato subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl [0, 35, 70 and 105 mM], and supplemented in an MS/2 medium for 30 days. The results reveal that salt negatively affects the evaluated parameters. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rodeo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lady Nema </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">varieties have the lowest final germination rates (50%) unlike the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mongal</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety (55%). These last two varieties have a decrease of 71.78% and 81.28% in the height of the stem, respectively, in the presence of NaCl at [105 mM] while that of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rodeo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety is 70%. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Xewel</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety has the greatest average number of leaves in the presence of [NaCl 35 mM] (4.95 leaves) and [NaCl 70 mM] (4.77 leaves). The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lady Nema</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety records the longest taproot length (2.99 cm) unlike the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rodeo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety (2.25 cm) at [NaCl 105 mM]. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ganila</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety reveals the highest number of secondary roots at the concentrations of [0, 35 and 105 mM] of NaCl with, respectively, 44.12, 29.25, and 4.25 roots. The </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lady Nema</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variety records the highest fresh weight of aerial (0.055 g) and root parts (0.014 g) and the lowest root dry weights (0.0023 g). These results allow to conclude that the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lady Nema </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Mongal</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> varieties seem more tolerant, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ganila </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Xewel</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are moderately tolerant and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rodeo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is more sensitive to the presence of salt.</span>
文摘In the procerebrum (PC), the olfactory center, of the land slug Limax, an oscillation of local field potential (LFP) with 0.5 - 1 Hz is observed by electrophysiological extracellular recording. The oscillation has a phase delay along the distal-proximal axis, resulting in the propagation of waves from the distal to proximal region. One important advantage of nervous systems of mollusks such as Limax is that their nervous systems in vitro retain several types of computational properties found in vivo (e.g. learning and memory). A previous study showed that the LFP frequency in the PC of Limax increased specifically in response to innately aversive and in vitro aversively conditioned odors. In the present study, we examined spatiotemporal neural activity changes induced in the PC by those odors using the fluorescent voltage imaging technique. The results showed that innately aversive (onion and hexanol) and in vitro aversively conditioned (carrot, which is innately attractive) odors specifically induced an increase in propagation speed of the neural activity in the PC, while innately attractive odors did not induce it. The results also suggested that the avoidance behavior by those odors might be induced by the increase of propagation speed and the following increases in the discharges of the partial nerve that transmits the motor output.
文摘Water is the main limiting factor in the cultivation of tomato (<i>Solanum lyco<span>persicum</span></i><span> L.) in Senegal. Thus, the selection of varieties tolerant to water st</span>ress would be an alternative solution for their production. <i>In vitro </i>germination, growth, total chlorophyll and proline levels were studied in five varieties of tomato subjected to increasing osmotic pressures (0, 5, 10 and 15 kPa) thanks to the PEG-8000 incorporated in an MS/2 medium for 30 days. A strong sen<span>sitivity to water stress for <i>in vitro</i> seed germination in the <i>Rodeo</i> variety (4</span>1%) is recorded at 5 kPa and maintained at 15 kPa (20.83%) while it was only noticed at 15 kPa in the other tomato varieties. The <i>Xewel</i> and <i>Lady Nema</i> varieties obtained the smallest reductions in the number of leaves of vitroplants, with 30.79% and 27.97% at 15 kPa, respectively, and the <i>Rodeo</i> variety recorded a reduction of 35.97%. From 5 kPa, the varieties record reductions in <span>the number of secondary roots of more than 15%. The effect of osmotic pr</span>essures on decreasing the taproot height and length is not significant. The <i>Xewel </i>variety had the highest average fresh (0.483 g) and dry (0.082 g) weights of the aerial part at 15 kPa and the <i>Rodeo</i> variety </span><span style="font-family:"">had </span><span style="font-family:"">the lowest ones (0.308 g and 0.0501 g). The <i>Lady Nema</i> variety had the highest average fresh (0.171 g) and dry (0.039 g) root weights and the <i>Rodeo</i> variety</span><span style="font-family:""> had</span><span style="font-family:""> the lowest ones (0.086 and 0.020 g). The vitroplants of <i>Rodeo </i>variety recorded the highest decreases in total chlorophyll contents at all osmotic pressures and the lowest increase in proline content (53.37%) at 15 kPa. <i>A contrario</i>, the <i>Xewel</i> variety recorded the greatest increase in proline content (116.26%). Ultimately, the vitroplants of <i>Lady Nem</i>a and <i>Xewe</i>l varieties were more tolerant to water stress, the <i>Ganila </i>and<i> Mongal </i>varieties were moderately tolerant and the <i>Rodeo</i> variety was the most sensitive.
文摘An experiment was conducted to find the effect of three types of donor plants growing conditions (growth chamber, open space + growth chambers and open space) on callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration and productive shoot regeneration from the anthers culture in vitro of four rice hybrid (1-2, 2-1, 7-1, 13-3) developed by Primorsky Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Five variants of N6 medium (N6-I, N6-2, N6-3, Mix-l, N6-4) were used as basal medium. Mean value of callus induction frequency on three types of conditions ranged from 5.68% to 9.44% and the difference was non-significantly. In general, callus derived from donor plants grown on condition of open space + growth chambers showed significantly better performances for plant regeneration (0.23 green regenerants on anther and 3.77 green regenerants on callus) and productive shoot regeneration (0.06 productive regenerants on anther and 0.56 productive regenerants on callus). Favourable conditions for donor plant growth in open space positively affect on callus induction and regenaration. It is possible to get assured results on many hybrids, but not the highest. In growth chamber, frequency of callus induction can be the maximal only on some samples, few hybrids are resulted in deficiency of callus induction.