The low melting point metallic tin powder or alloy of tin and lead was blended with polypropylene. A kind of in situ composite has been prepared. The variations of torque were studied when the composites were mixed in...The low melting point metallic tin powder or alloy of tin and lead was blended with polypropylene. A kind of in situ composite has been prepared. The variations of torque were studied when the composites were mixed in Haake torque rheogeniometer. By way of capillary extrusion, effects upon rheology of the in situ composites of the low melting point metals (LMPM) and coupling agent for their different variety and content, were investigated. From flow curves, the results indicate that in situ composites mixed with the LMPM are a kind of pseudoplastic fluid. If the LMPM were melted, the higher the content of the LMPM, the lower apparent viscosity of composites. Meanwhile, when the coupling agent is added into composites , the viscosity of composite will go up first and drop then. This shows that the LMPM have a promoter flow action on the polypropylene.展开更多
To research the influencing rule of severe plastic deformation on Al matrix in situ composites, 10wt%Al3Zr/2024Al in situ particle-reinforced composite was prepared by direct melt reaction (DMR), and then, the compo...To research the influencing rule of severe plastic deformation on Al matrix in situ composites, 10wt%Al3Zr/2024Al in situ particle-reinforced composite was prepared by direct melt reaction (DMR), and then, the composite was hot-forged by one direction with 90% plastic deformation. Then, the microstructure of the forging state composite was observed, and the change law of mechanical properties and friction performances after and before plastic deforming was compared. The results indicate that the Al3Zr-reinforced particle rotates and breaks into smaller size of 10-20μm with the matrix flow; in addition, these smaller particles distribute more orderly in orientation and dispersedly. The 2024 matrix grain changes from as-cast tissue to fibrous tissue with length of 100 μm along the forging direction. Some mechanical properties of composites hot-forged by one direction with 90 % plastic deformation are improved much obviously. For example, the tensile strength is improved by 39.75 %, reaching 225 MPa, and the hardness is improved by 35.84 %, reaching HBW 76.83. Besides, the wear rate reduces, wear depth and area decline, and the wear-resisting property is improved after hot forging.展开更多
Al-Si pistons are frequently damaged by burning piston top surface due to elevated combustion temperature, and by rubbing the first ring groove against the engine cylinder liner. To prevent piston from these damages, ...Al-Si pistons are frequently damaged by burning piston top surface due to elevated combustion temperature, and by rubbing the first ring groove against the engine cylinder liner. To prevent piston from these damages, some technologies were invented, such as mounting high Ni cast iron ring around the first ring groove in Al alloy piston body and thermal resistant steel on piston top surface, and fabricating Al composite pistons by squeeze casting for enhancing the whole or local piston performance. In this paper, composite pistons locally reinforced with in situ primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles are fabricated by centrifugal casting. The microstructure characteristics, hardness and wear resistance of the composite piston are investigated and the motion characteristic of the in situ particles in centrifugal field is analyzed. The results of the experiments show that primary Si and Mg2Si particles mix up with each other in melt and segregate at the regions of piston top and piston ring grooves under the effect of centrifugal force. Particulate reinforced regions have a higher hardness and better wear resistance compared with the unreinforced regions and this performance increases after heat treatment. The analysis result of particle movement shows that, primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles move at approximately the same velocity in the centrifugal field, because of the growth of primary Si and fusion after colliding between primary Si particles, which compromised the velocity difference of primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles caused by the difference of their densities. Research results have some theory significance and applicative value of project in development of new aluminum matrix composites piston products.展开更多
The 6351 wrought aluminum alloy and K2TiF6-CaF2-LiCl components were selected as raw materials to fabricate in situ Al3Ti particulate reinforced aluminum alloy at 720℃via direct melt reaction method with electromagne...The 6351 wrought aluminum alloy and K2TiF6-CaF2-LiCl components were selected as raw materials to fabricate in situ Al3Ti particulate reinforced aluminum alloy at 720℃via direct melt reaction method with electromagnetic stirring(EMS).CaF2 and LiCl acted as fluxes to lower the reaction temperature of the system.It is shown that the electromagnetic stirring and fluxes accelerate the emulsion process of K2TiF6.Optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum were utilized to analyze the microstructure and components of composites.Compared to composites fabricated without EMS and fluxes,the sizes of endogenetic Al3Ti are refined from 10-15μm to 2-4μm,which are often accompanied with silicon element.The morphology of Al3Ti or Al3TiSi0.22 exhibits triangle,quadrilateral and other clumpy patterns. Because of the Ca elements from CaF2,the sizes of Mg2Si decrease from 8-10μm to 1-2μm due to the formation of Ca2Si.展开更多
The main bottleneck against industrial utilization of sodium ion batteries(SIBs)is the lack of high-capacity electrodes to rival those of the benchmark lithium ion batteries(LIBs).Here in this work,we have developed a...The main bottleneck against industrial utilization of sodium ion batteries(SIBs)is the lack of high-capacity electrodes to rival those of the benchmark lithium ion batteries(LIBs).Here in this work,we have developed an economical method for in situ fabrication of nanocomposites made of crystalline few-layer graphene sheets loaded with ultrafine SnO_(2)nanocrystals,using short exposure of microwave to xerogel of graphene oxide(GO)and tin tetrachloride containing minute catalyzing dispersoids of chemically reduced GO(RGO).The resultant nanocomposites(SnO_(2)@MWG)enabled significantly quickened redox processes as SIB anode,which led to remarkable full anode-specific capacity reaching 538 mAh g^(−1)at 0.05 A g^(−1)(about 1.45 times of the theoretical capacity of graphite for the LIB),in addition to outstanding rate performance over prolonged charge–discharge cycling.Anodes based on the optimized SnO_(2)@MWG delivered stable performance over 2000 cycles even at a high current density of 5 A g^(−1),and capacity retention of over 70.4%was maintained at a high areal loading of 3.4 mg cm^(−2),highly desirable for high energy density SIBs to rival the current benchmark LIBs.展开更多
The in situ synthesis method for titanium matrix composites (TMCs) has obvious technical and economical advantages over other traditional methods. Ultrafine reinforcement particles were formed in situ by chemical re...The in situ synthesis method for titanium matrix composites (TMCs) has obvious technical and economical advantages over other traditional methods. Ultrafine reinforcement particles were formed in situ by chemical reaction between elements or between elements and compounds. Using the approach, contamination at the composite matrix/reinforcement particle interface did not occur, interface bonding was good, and the reinforcement particle was thermodynamically stable. The stage of development of the preparation process for in situ TMCs as well as the thermodynamic analysis of the possible in situ reaction systems was described.展开更多
The base structure of in situ TiCp/Fe composites fabricated under industrial condition was changed by different heat treatments. Erosive wear tests were carried out and the results were compared with that of wear-resi...The base structure of in situ TiCp/Fe composites fabricated under industrial condition was changed by different heat treatments. Erosive wear tests were carried out and the results were compared with that of wear-resistant white cast iron. The results suggest that the wear resistance of the in situ TiCp/Fe composite is higher than that of wear-resistant white cast iron under the sand erosive wear condition. The wear mechanism of the wear-resistant white cast iron was a cycle process that base surface was worn and carbides were exposed, then carbides was broken and wear pits appeared. While the wear mechanism of in situ TiCp/Fe composite was a cycle process that base surface was worn and TiC grains were exposed and dropped. The wear resistance of in situ TiCp/Fe composite was lower than that of wear-resistant white cast iron under the slurry erosive wear condition. Under such circumstance, the material was not only undergone erosive wear but also electrochemistry erosion due to the contact with water in the medium. The wear behaviours can be a combination of two kinds of wear and the sand erosive wear is worse than slurry erosive wear.展开更多
The in situ Al 2O 3p TiC p/Al composite was fabricated by XD (exothermic dispersion) process in TiO 2 Al C system, and the effect of carbon content on the microstructure of the fabricated composite and the reactive te...The in situ Al 2O 3p TiC p/Al composite was fabricated by XD (exothermic dispersion) process in TiO 2 Al C system, and the effect of carbon content on the microstructure of the fabricated composite and the reactive temperature characteristics had been studied. The results show that carbon content affects the microstructure and reactive temperature of Al 2O 3p TiC p/Al composite greatly. The quantity of TiC phases in the fabricated composites increases, while the Al 3Ti phases reduces with increasing carbon content. And when C/TiO 2 molecular ratio is equal to one, the Al 3Ti phase nearly disappears. High temperature metallurgical field caused by strong exothermic reaction influences the synthetic reaction greatly, and higher synthetic temperature was favorable to the synthesis of Al 2O 3p TiC p reinforce particles.展开更多
Based on the experiment and the thermodynamics analysis for CuO/Al system, it is founded that the compounding reaction of CuO/Al under low temperature is available. The general equation of adiabatic temperature of the...Based on the experiment and the thermodynamics analysis for CuO/Al system, it is founded that the compounding reaction of CuO/Al under low temperature is available. The general equation of adiabatic temperature of the system is set up, and the influence of resultant concentration and temperature on adiabatic temperature is theoretically analyzed. The values of heat effect of CuO/Al system under different temperature are also caculated.展开更多
Cobalt-phthalocyanine/iron nanocomposite particles have been obtained using method of composite in situ, with the mixture of carbonyl iron and solution of cobalt ( Ⅱ ) - phthalocyanine (Co-Pc) ultrasonic dispersing i...Cobalt-phthalocyanine/iron nanocomposite particles have been obtained using method of composite in situ, with the mixture of carbonyl iron and solution of cobalt ( Ⅱ ) - phthalocyanine (Co-Pc) ultrasonic dispersing in N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF). Structure characterization of their inner and surface have relation with method of carbonyl iron joined in the mixture, contents of carbonyl iron and Co-Pc in the mixture of Co-Pc ultrasonic dispersing in DMF. With a method of composite in situ controlling reasonable experiment condition, it can be obtained that cobalt-phthalocyanine/iron nanocomposite particles has completely been covered with Co-Pc, they had structure of Chinese gooseberry in inner and mere made up of almost regular spherical shape and the average diameter is 1. 4 μm.展开更多
The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon- and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas...The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon- and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas (N2 + C2H2 + NH3) with Al-Mg-Ti melts. The condition for the formation of AlN was that the treatment temperature must be higher than 1373 K, and the amounts of AlN and TiC increased with the increase of the treatment temperature and the gas injection time It was considered that AlN was formed by the direct reaction of Al with nitrogen-containing gas at the interface of the gas bubble and the melt. However, the mechanism of TiC formation is a combination mechanism of solution-precipitation and solid-liquid reaction.展开更多
Graphene reinforced magnesium matrix composites have wide applications in automotive,electronics,aerospace and military fields due to the fascinating mechanical properties.However,it is difficult to realize the high s...Graphene reinforced magnesium matrix composites have wide applications in automotive,electronics,aerospace and military fields due to the fascinating mechanical properties.However,it is difficult to realize the high strength and ductility simultaneously.In this work,the in situ liquid-state method was utilized to prepare GNPs/Mg6Zn composites via CO_(2)/Mg chemical reaction.Tensile strength of the GNPs/Mg6Zn composites was improved with increasing content of the GNPs.Meantime,the composites also exhibit a notable plastic deformation stage,and especially the ductility of 0.12 GNPs/Mg6Zn composites reaches 27.6%.Therefore,this novel preparation method has great potential application for fabricating Mg matrix composites with high strength and high ductility.展开更多
M92Si reinforced Mg-Al based composite with high amount o/silicon was prepared by permanent mould casting, and then extruded by reciprocating extrusion (RE) after the composite was processed by homogenization heat t...M92Si reinforced Mg-Al based composite with high amount o/silicon was prepared by permanent mould casting, and then extruded by reciprocating extrusion (RE) after the composite was processed by homogenization heat treatment. The effect of RE processing on the morphology and size of M92Si and the mechanical properties of the com- posite were investigated, to develop new ways to refine the M928i phase and improve its shape. The result showed that RE was very useful in refining the M92Si phase. The more the RE processing passes, the better the refining effect would be. Moreover, the uniform distribution of M928i phases would be more in the composite. After the composite was processed by RE for 12 passes, most M92Si phases were equiaxed, with granular diameter below 20 μm, and distributed uniformly in the matrix of the composite. The mechanical properties of the composite could be increased prominently by RE processing, and were much higher than that in the as-cast state. As the temperature rises, the tensile strength is reduced. For the composite RE processed for 12 passes, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 325.9 MPa, 211.4 MPa, and 3.3% at room temperature, whereas, 288.2 MPa, ,207.7 MPa, and 7.8%, respectively, at 150℃. In comparison with the properties at room temperature, the tensile strength and yield strength are high and only decrease by 11.6% and 1.8% at 150℃. The M928i reinforced Mg-Al based composite possesses good heat resistance at 150℃. The excellent resistance to effect of heat is attributed to the high melting tempera- ture and good thermal stability of fine Mg2Si phases, which are distributed uniformly in the composite, and effectively hinder the grain boundary gliding and dislocation movement.展开更多
Because of the different conductivities between the primary phase (low electric conduc tivity) and the metal melt, electromagnetic force scarcely acts on the primary phase. Thus, an electromagnetic repulsive force ap...Because of the different conductivities between the primary phase (low electric conduc tivity) and the metal melt, electromagnetic force scarcely acts on the primary phase. Thus, an electromagnetic repulsive force applied by the metal melt exerts on the pri mary phase when the movement of the melt in the direction of electromagnetic force is limited. As a result, the repulsive force exerts on the primary phase to push them to move in the direction opposite to that of the electromagnetic force when the metal melt with primary phase solidifies under an electromagnetic force field. Based on this, a new method for production of in situ surface composite and gradient material by electromagnetic force is proposed. An in situ primary Si reinforced surface composite of Al-15wt%Si alloy and gradient material of Al-l9wt%Si alloy were produced by this method. The microhardness of the primary Si is HV1320. The reinforced phase size is in the range from 40μm to 100μm. The wear resistance of Al-Si alloy gradient material can be more greatly increased than that of their matrix material.展开更多
This study focused on the preparation of magnetic chitusan nanocompesite that has a potential application to bone repair and regeneration using an in situ composite method where chitosan membrane was used as the templ...This study focused on the preparation of magnetic chitusan nanocompesite that has a potential application to bone repair and regeneration using an in situ composite method where chitosan membrane was used as the template and NaOH was used as the precipitant. X-ray diffraction analysis results show the formation of magnetite in the chitosan matrix. From the magnetic measurement, it could be concluded that the magnetic chitosan rods were superparamagnetic,and that this is the unique property of nanomagnetite. Macroscopical layer structure of the magnetic chitosan rods was observed from the photographs after mechanical test, and the microlayer structure of the rods was observed from the images of scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism for preparing the rods was discussed in detail. Transmission electron microscope was used to investigate the magnetite particles in the chitosan matrix and from the images it was concluded that the magnetite particles dispersed well in chitosan matrix with particle size of about 10 nm. The mechanical properties of the magnetic chitosan rods were measured and the blending strength was found to be 98. 8 MPa. The mechanical properties did not decline when compared with those of the pure chitosan materials.展开更多
Based on the continuum model for binary solid-liquid phase change system, the math-ematic model to simulate the process of laser cladding in situ synthesis TiCp/Al composite on the surface of aluminum alloy was formul...Based on the continuum model for binary solid-liquid phase change system, the math-ematic model to simulate the process of laser cladding in situ synthesis TiCp/Al composite on the surface of aluminum alloy was formulated. The additive source method was employed to treat with the heat release of synthetic reaction in powder mixture at certain temperatures, and also to solve the momentum and heat transfer caused by the relative movement between laser beam and the specimen. Two different types of driving forces for flow were considered in the model, i.e., the buoyancy force and the surface tension gradient at the laser pool surface. The three-dimensional transient temperature field simulation program was developed being based upon the commercial software PHOENICS. The calculated and observed fusion boundaries were compared and very good agreement was obtained.展开更多
Polyaniline-barium titanate (PAn-Ba-TiO3) ultrafine composite particles were prepared by the oxidative polymerization of aniline with H2O2 while barium titanate nanoparticles were synthesized with a sol-gel method. Th...Polyaniline-barium titanate (PAn-Ba-TiO3) ultrafine composite particles were prepared by the oxidative polymerization of aniline with H2O2 while barium titanate nanoparticles were synthesized with a sol-gel method. The infrared spectrogram shows that the polymerization of PAn in the hybrid process of PAn-BaTiO3 is similar with the polymeric process of pure aniline, and there is interaction of PAn and BaTiO3 in the PAn-Ba-TiO3. SEM and TEM results show that the average diameter of the composite particles is 1.50μm and the diameters of BaTiO3 nanoparticles are 5 - 15 nm in the composite particle. The electrical conductivity of the ultrafine com-posite particles is transformable from 10°to 10-11S/cm by equilibrium doping or dedoping method using various concentration of HCl or NaOH solutions.展开更多
Titanium matrix composites reinforced with a-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles were fabricated by in situ synthesis from a Ti-Al-B2O3 system. The reaction processes and microstructure were analyzed by using differential scanni...Titanium matrix composites reinforced with a-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles were fabricated by in situ synthesis from a Ti-Al-B2O3 system. The reaction processes and microstructure were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results showed that the reactions in the Ti-Al-B2O3 system can occur spontaneously and consist of three steps: 1) 15 Al + 7B2O3 → 7α-Al2O3 + AlB12 + 2B; 2) 14 B + 2Al → AlB12 + AlB2 and 3) 7Ti + AlB(12) + AlB2 → 7TiB2 + 2Al. The final reinforcements were composed of α-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles, which were uniformly distributed in the titanium matrix.展开更多
The directionally solidified samples of an ultra-high temperature Nb-Si-Ti-Hf-Cr-Al alloy have been prepared with the use of an electron beam floating zone melting (EBFZM) furnace, and their microstructural characteri...The directionally solidified samples of an ultra-high temperature Nb-Si-Ti-Hf-Cr-Al alloy have been prepared with the use of an electron beam floating zone melting (EBFZM) furnace, and their microstructural characteristics have been analyzed. All the primary dendrites of Nb solid solution (Nbss), eutectic colonies of Nba, plus (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 and chains of (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 plates align along the growth direction of the samples. With increasing of the withdrawing rate, the microstructure is refined, and the amounts of Nbss+ (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 eutectic colonies and (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 plates increase. There appear nodes in the (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 plates.展开更多
基金Supported by Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education
文摘The low melting point metallic tin powder or alloy of tin and lead was blended with polypropylene. A kind of in situ composite has been prepared. The variations of torque were studied when the composites were mixed in Haake torque rheogeniometer. By way of capillary extrusion, effects upon rheology of the in situ composites of the low melting point metals (LMPM) and coupling agent for their different variety and content, were investigated. From flow curves, the results indicate that in situ composites mixed with the LMPM are a kind of pseudoplastic fluid. If the LMPM were melted, the higher the content of the LMPM, the lower apparent viscosity of composites. Meanwhile, when the coupling agent is added into composites , the viscosity of composite will go up first and drop then. This shows that the LMPM have a promoter flow action on the polypropylene.
基金financially supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51174098, 51371091, and 51001054)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) (No. CL0002)Jiangsu University Research Start Fund for Senior Talents (No. 15JDG077)
文摘To research the influencing rule of severe plastic deformation on Al matrix in situ composites, 10wt%Al3Zr/2024Al in situ particle-reinforced composite was prepared by direct melt reaction (DMR), and then, the composite was hot-forged by one direction with 90% plastic deformation. Then, the microstructure of the forging state composite was observed, and the change law of mechanical properties and friction performances after and before plastic deforming was compared. The results indicate that the Al3Zr-reinforced particle rotates and breaks into smaller size of 10-20μm with the matrix flow; in addition, these smaller particles distribute more orderly in orientation and dispersedly. The 2024 matrix grain changes from as-cast tissue to fibrous tissue with length of 100 μm along the forging direction. Some mechanical properties of composites hot-forged by one direction with 90 % plastic deformation are improved much obviously. For example, the tensile strength is improved by 39.75 %, reaching 225 MPa, and the hardness is improved by 35.84 %, reaching HBW 76.83. Besides, the wear rate reduces, wear depth and area decline, and the wear-resisting property is improved after hot forging.
文摘Al-Si pistons are frequently damaged by burning piston top surface due to elevated combustion temperature, and by rubbing the first ring groove against the engine cylinder liner. To prevent piston from these damages, some technologies were invented, such as mounting high Ni cast iron ring around the first ring groove in Al alloy piston body and thermal resistant steel on piston top surface, and fabricating Al composite pistons by squeeze casting for enhancing the whole or local piston performance. In this paper, composite pistons locally reinforced with in situ primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles are fabricated by centrifugal casting. The microstructure characteristics, hardness and wear resistance of the composite piston are investigated and the motion characteristic of the in situ particles in centrifugal field is analyzed. The results of the experiments show that primary Si and Mg2Si particles mix up with each other in melt and segregate at the regions of piston top and piston ring grooves under the effect of centrifugal force. Particulate reinforced regions have a higher hardness and better wear resistance compared with the unreinforced regions and this performance increases after heat treatment. The analysis result of particle movement shows that, primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles move at approximately the same velocity in the centrifugal field, because of the growth of primary Si and fusion after colliding between primary Si particles, which compromised the velocity difference of primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles caused by the difference of their densities. Research results have some theory significance and applicative value of project in development of new aluminum matrix composites piston products.
基金Project(2007AA03Z548)supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(207038)supported by the Key Program of Ministry of Education of China+3 种基金Project(06-D-021)supported by the Talents Peak in Six Key Fields of Jiangsu Province in ChinaProject(07JDG084)supported by the Technical Enablement Foundation for the Super Special Talents of Jiangsu UniversityProject(20071108)supported by the Technical Enablement Foundation of Ministry of Education for the Returned ScholarsProject(20060299006)supported by the PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘The 6351 wrought aluminum alloy and K2TiF6-CaF2-LiCl components were selected as raw materials to fabricate in situ Al3Ti particulate reinforced aluminum alloy at 720℃via direct melt reaction method with electromagnetic stirring(EMS).CaF2 and LiCl acted as fluxes to lower the reaction temperature of the system.It is shown that the electromagnetic stirring and fluxes accelerate the emulsion process of K2TiF6.Optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum were utilized to analyze the microstructure and components of composites.Compared to composites fabricated without EMS and fluxes,the sizes of endogenetic Al3Ti are refined from 10-15μm to 2-4μm,which are often accompanied with silicon element.The morphology of Al3Ti or Al3TiSi0.22 exhibits triangle,quadrilateral and other clumpy patterns. Because of the Ca elements from CaF2,the sizes of Mg2Si decrease from 8-10μm to 1-2μm due to the formation of Ca2Si.
基金funded by the Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute,the National Talents Program of China,and Key Innovation Projects of the Zhengzhou Municipal City of China.
文摘The main bottleneck against industrial utilization of sodium ion batteries(SIBs)is the lack of high-capacity electrodes to rival those of the benchmark lithium ion batteries(LIBs).Here in this work,we have developed an economical method for in situ fabrication of nanocomposites made of crystalline few-layer graphene sheets loaded with ultrafine SnO_(2)nanocrystals,using short exposure of microwave to xerogel of graphene oxide(GO)and tin tetrachloride containing minute catalyzing dispersoids of chemically reduced GO(RGO).The resultant nanocomposites(SnO_(2)@MWG)enabled significantly quickened redox processes as SIB anode,which led to remarkable full anode-specific capacity reaching 538 mAh g^(−1)at 0.05 A g^(−1)(about 1.45 times of the theoretical capacity of graphite for the LIB),in addition to outstanding rate performance over prolonged charge–discharge cycling.Anodes based on the optimized SnO_(2)@MWG delivered stable performance over 2000 cycles even at a high current density of 5 A g^(−1),and capacity retention of over 70.4%was maintained at a high areal loading of 3.4 mg cm^(−2),highly desirable for high energy density SIBs to rival the current benchmark LIBs.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50205005)
文摘The in situ synthesis method for titanium matrix composites (TMCs) has obvious technical and economical advantages over other traditional methods. Ultrafine reinforcement particles were formed in situ by chemical reaction between elements or between elements and compounds. Using the approach, contamination at the composite matrix/reinforcement particle interface did not occur, interface bonding was good, and the reinforcement particle was thermodynamically stable. The stage of development of the preparation process for in situ TMCs as well as the thermodynamic analysis of the possible in situ reaction systems was described.
文摘The base structure of in situ TiCp/Fe composites fabricated under industrial condition was changed by different heat treatments. Erosive wear tests were carried out and the results were compared with that of wear-resistant white cast iron. The results suggest that the wear resistance of the in situ TiCp/Fe composite is higher than that of wear-resistant white cast iron under the sand erosive wear condition. The wear mechanism of the wear-resistant white cast iron was a cycle process that base surface was worn and carbides were exposed, then carbides was broken and wear pits appeared. While the wear mechanism of in situ TiCp/Fe composite was a cycle process that base surface was worn and TiC grains were exposed and dropped. The wear resistance of in situ TiCp/Fe composite was lower than that of wear-resistant white cast iron under the slurry erosive wear condition. Under such circumstance, the material was not only undergone erosive wear but also electrochemistry erosion due to the contact with water in the medium. The wear behaviours can be a combination of two kinds of wear and the sand erosive wear is worse than slurry erosive wear.
文摘The in situ Al 2O 3p TiC p/Al composite was fabricated by XD (exothermic dispersion) process in TiO 2 Al C system, and the effect of carbon content on the microstructure of the fabricated composite and the reactive temperature characteristics had been studied. The results show that carbon content affects the microstructure and reactive temperature of Al 2O 3p TiC p/Al composite greatly. The quantity of TiC phases in the fabricated composites increases, while the Al 3Ti phases reduces with increasing carbon content. And when C/TiO 2 molecular ratio is equal to one, the Al 3Ti phase nearly disappears. High temperature metallurgical field caused by strong exothermic reaction influences the synthetic reaction greatly, and higher synthetic temperature was favorable to the synthesis of Al 2O 3p TiC p reinforce particles.
文摘Based on the experiment and the thermodynamics analysis for CuO/Al system, it is founded that the compounding reaction of CuO/Al under low temperature is available. The general equation of adiabatic temperature of the system is set up, and the influence of resultant concentration and temperature on adiabatic temperature is theoretically analyzed. The values of heat effect of CuO/Al system under different temperature are also caculated.
基金Funded by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (No. 29904005), Key Foundation (No. 50038010) and Open Foundation from State Key Lab.of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing.
文摘Cobalt-phthalocyanine/iron nanocomposite particles have been obtained using method of composite in situ, with the mixture of carbonyl iron and solution of cobalt ( Ⅱ ) - phthalocyanine (Co-Pc) ultrasonic dispersing in N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF). Structure characterization of their inner and surface have relation with method of carbonyl iron joined in the mixture, contents of carbonyl iron and Co-Pc in the mixture of Co-Pc ultrasonic dispersing in DMF. With a method of composite in situ controlling reasonable experiment condition, it can be obtained that cobalt-phthalocyanine/iron nanocomposite particles has completely been covered with Co-Pc, they had structure of Chinese gooseberry in inner and mere made up of almost regular spherical shape and the average diameter is 1. 4 μm.
文摘The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon- and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas (N2 + C2H2 + NH3) with Al-Mg-Ti melts. The condition for the formation of AlN was that the treatment temperature must be higher than 1373 K, and the amounts of AlN and TiC increased with the increase of the treatment temperature and the gas injection time It was considered that AlN was formed by the direct reaction of Al with nitrogen-containing gas at the interface of the gas bubble and the melt. However, the mechanism of TiC formation is a combination mechanism of solution-precipitation and solid-liquid reaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51871074,51971078).
文摘Graphene reinforced magnesium matrix composites have wide applications in automotive,electronics,aerospace and military fields due to the fascinating mechanical properties.However,it is difficult to realize the high strength and ductility simultaneously.In this work,the in situ liquid-state method was utilized to prepare GNPs/Mg6Zn composites via CO_(2)/Mg chemical reaction.Tensile strength of the GNPs/Mg6Zn composites was improved with increasing content of the GNPs.Meantime,the composites also exhibit a notable plastic deformation stage,and especially the ductility of 0.12 GNPs/Mg6Zn composites reaches 27.6%.Therefore,this novel preparation method has great potential application for fabricating Mg matrix composites with high strength and high ductility.
基金This study was financially supported by the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Province (No. 07JK358);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50271054); the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Scientific Research Project (No.2003E111); SRF for ROCS, SEM (101-220325).
文摘M92Si reinforced Mg-Al based composite with high amount o/silicon was prepared by permanent mould casting, and then extruded by reciprocating extrusion (RE) after the composite was processed by homogenization heat treatment. The effect of RE processing on the morphology and size of M92Si and the mechanical properties of the com- posite were investigated, to develop new ways to refine the M928i phase and improve its shape. The result showed that RE was very useful in refining the M92Si phase. The more the RE processing passes, the better the refining effect would be. Moreover, the uniform distribution of M928i phases would be more in the composite. After the composite was processed by RE for 12 passes, most M92Si phases were equiaxed, with granular diameter below 20 μm, and distributed uniformly in the matrix of the composite. The mechanical properties of the composite could be increased prominently by RE processing, and were much higher than that in the as-cast state. As the temperature rises, the tensile strength is reduced. For the composite RE processed for 12 passes, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are 325.9 MPa, 211.4 MPa, and 3.3% at room temperature, whereas, 288.2 MPa, ,207.7 MPa, and 7.8%, respectively, at 150℃. In comparison with the properties at room temperature, the tensile strength and yield strength are high and only decrease by 11.6% and 1.8% at 150℃. The M928i reinforced Mg-Al based composite possesses good heat resistance at 150℃. The excellent resistance to effect of heat is attributed to the high melting tempera- ture and good thermal stability of fine Mg2Si phases, which are distributed uniformly in the composite, and effectively hinder the grain boundary gliding and dislocation movement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50001008)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
文摘Because of the different conductivities between the primary phase (low electric conduc tivity) and the metal melt, electromagnetic force scarcely acts on the primary phase. Thus, an electromagnetic repulsive force applied by the metal melt exerts on the pri mary phase when the movement of the melt in the direction of electromagnetic force is limited. As a result, the repulsive force exerts on the primary phase to push them to move in the direction opposite to that of the electromagnetic force when the metal melt with primary phase solidifies under an electromagnetic force field. Based on this, a new method for production of in situ surface composite and gradient material by electromagnetic force is proposed. An in situ primary Si reinforced surface composite of Al-15wt%Si alloy and gradient material of Al-l9wt%Si alloy were produced by this method. The microhardness of the primary Si is HV1320. The reinforced phase size is in the range from 40μm to 100μm. The wear resistance of Al-Si alloy gradient material can be more greatly increased than that of their matrix material.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos. 50173023, 50333020).
文摘This study focused on the preparation of magnetic chitusan nanocompesite that has a potential application to bone repair and regeneration using an in situ composite method where chitosan membrane was used as the template and NaOH was used as the precipitant. X-ray diffraction analysis results show the formation of magnetite in the chitosan matrix. From the magnetic measurement, it could be concluded that the magnetic chitosan rods were superparamagnetic,and that this is the unique property of nanomagnetite. Macroscopical layer structure of the magnetic chitosan rods was observed from the photographs after mechanical test, and the microlayer structure of the rods was observed from the images of scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism for preparing the rods was discussed in detail. Transmission electron microscope was used to investigate the magnetite particles in the chitosan matrix and from the images it was concluded that the magnetite particles dispersed well in chitosan matrix with particle size of about 10 nm. The mechanical properties of the magnetic chitosan rods were measured and the blending strength was found to be 98. 8 MPa. The mechanical properties did not decline when compared with those of the pure chitosan materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59871032)Shanxi Educational Administration (No.AJ04020)
文摘Based on the continuum model for binary solid-liquid phase change system, the math-ematic model to simulate the process of laser cladding in situ synthesis TiCp/Al composite on the surface of aluminum alloy was formulated. The additive source method was employed to treat with the heat release of synthetic reaction in powder mixture at certain temperatures, and also to solve the momentum and heat transfer caused by the relative movement between laser beam and the specimen. Two different types of driving forces for flow were considered in the model, i.e., the buoyancy force and the surface tension gradient at the laser pool surface. The three-dimensional transient temperature field simulation program was developed being based upon the commercial software PHOENICS. The calculated and observed fusion boundaries were compared and very good agreement was obtained.
基金Funded by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (No.29674021) and Key Foundation (No. 59832090). and Open Foundation from State Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing.
文摘Polyaniline-barium titanate (PAn-Ba-TiO3) ultrafine composite particles were prepared by the oxidative polymerization of aniline with H2O2 while barium titanate nanoparticles were synthesized with a sol-gel method. The infrared spectrogram shows that the polymerization of PAn in the hybrid process of PAn-BaTiO3 is similar with the polymeric process of pure aniline, and there is interaction of PAn and BaTiO3 in the PAn-Ba-TiO3. SEM and TEM results show that the average diameter of the composite particles is 1.50μm and the diameters of BaTiO3 nanoparticles are 5 - 15 nm in the composite particle. The electrical conductivity of the ultrafine com-posite particles is transformable from 10°to 10-11S/cm by equilibrium doping or dedoping method using various concentration of HCl or NaOH solutions.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51571118 and 51371098)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20141308)
文摘Titanium matrix composites reinforced with a-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles were fabricated by in situ synthesis from a Ti-Al-B2O3 system. The reaction processes and microstructure were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results showed that the reactions in the Ti-Al-B2O3 system can occur spontaneously and consist of three steps: 1) 15 Al + 7B2O3 → 7α-Al2O3 + AlB12 + 2B; 2) 14 B + 2Al → AlB12 + AlB2 and 3) 7Ti + AlB(12) + AlB2 → 7TiB2 + 2Al. The final reinforcements were composed of α-Al2O3 and TiB2 particles, which were uniformly distributed in the titanium matrix.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50271056)National High Technical Research and Development Programme of China(No.2003AA305810)the Special Research Fund for Doctoral Disciplines in Colleges and Universities of M.0.E,China(No.20020699025).
文摘The directionally solidified samples of an ultra-high temperature Nb-Si-Ti-Hf-Cr-Al alloy have been prepared with the use of an electron beam floating zone melting (EBFZM) furnace, and their microstructural characteristics have been analyzed. All the primary dendrites of Nb solid solution (Nbss), eutectic colonies of Nba, plus (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 and chains of (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 plates align along the growth direction of the samples. With increasing of the withdrawing rate, the microstructure is refined, and the amounts of Nbss+ (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 eutectic colonies and (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 plates increase. There appear nodes in the (Nb, Ti)3 Si/(Nb, Ti)5 Si3 plates.