The commercial antibiotics with inherent AIE feature: In situ visualization of antibiotic metabolism and specifically differentiation of bacterial species and broad-spectrum therapy

The research on pharmacology usually focuses on the structure-activity relationships of drugs,such as antibiotics,to enhance their activity,but often ignores their optical properties.However,investigating the photophysical properties of drugs is of great significance because they could be used to in situ visualize their positions and help us to understand their working metabolism.In this work,we identified a class of commercialized antibiotics,such as levofloxacin,norfloxacin,and moxifloxacin(MXF)hydrochloride,featuring the unique aggregation-induced emission(AIE)characteristics.By taking advantage of their AIE feature,antibiotic metabolism in cells could be in situ visualized,which clearly shows that the luminescent aggregates accumulate in the lysosomes.Moreover,after a structure-activity relationship study,we found an ideal site of MXF to be modified with a triphenylphosphonium and an antibiotic derivative MXF-P was prepared,which is able to specifically differentiate bacterial species after only 10 min of treatment.Moreover,MXF-P shows highly effective broad-spectrum antibacterial activity,excellent therapeutic effects and biosafety for S.aureus-infected wound recovery.Thus,this work not only discovers the multifunctionalities of the antibiotics but also provides a feasible strategy to make the commercialized drugs more powerful.

In Situ Monitoring the Potassium‑Ion Storage Enhancement in Iron Selenide with Ether‑Based Electrolyte

As one of the promising anode materials,iron selenide has received much attention for potassium-ion batteries(KIBs).Nevertheless,volume expansion and sluggish kinetics of iron selenide result in the poor reversibility and stability during potassiation–depotassiation process.In this work,we develop iron selenide composite matching ether-based electrolyte for KIBs,which presents a reversible specific capacity of 356 mAh g^(−1) at 200 mA g^(−1) after 75 cycles.According to the measurement of mechanical properties,it is found that iron selenide composite also exhibits robust and elastic solid electrolyte interphase layer in ether-based electrolyte,contributing to the improvement in reversibility and stability for KIBs.To further investigate the electrochemical enhancement mechanism of ether-based electrolyte in KIBs,we also utilize in situ visualization technique to monitor the potassiation–depotassiation process.For comparison,iron selenide composite matching carbonate-based electrolyte presents vast morphology change during potassiation–depotassiation process.When changing to ether-based electrolyte,a few minor morphology changes can be observed.This phenomenon indicates an occurrence of homogeneous electrochemical reaction in ether-based electrolyte,which results in a stable performance for potassium-ion(K-ion)storage.We believe that our work will provide a new perspective to visually monitor the potassium-ion storage process and guide the improvement in electrode material performance.