Solid phase microextraction(SPME)in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed for the determination of metabolomic profile of mouse melanoma growth within in vitro 2D,in vitro 3D,and in vivo mode...Solid phase microextraction(SPME)in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed for the determination of metabolomic profile of mouse melanoma growth within in vitro 2D,in vitro 3D,and in vivo models.Such multi-model approach had never been investigated before.Due to the low-invasiveness of SPME,it was possible to perform time-course analysis,which allowed building time profile of biochemical reactions in the studied material.Such approach does not require the multiplication of samples as subsequent analyses are performed from the very same cell culture or from the same individual.SPME already reduces the number of animals required for experiment;therefore,it is with good concordance with the 3Rs rule(replacement,reduction,and refinement).Among tested models,the largest number of compounds was found within the in vitro 2D cell culture model,while in vivo and in vitro 3D models had the lowest number of detected compounds.These results may be connected with a higher metabolic rate,as well as lower integrity of the in vitro 2D model compared to the in vitro 3D model resulting in a lower number of compounds released into medium in the latter model.In terms of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation,the in vitro 2D model performed more similar to in vivo model compared to in vitro 3D model;however,it might have been due to the fact that only compounds secreted to medium were investigated.Thus,in further experiments to obtain full metabolome information,the intraspheroidal assessment or spheroid dissociation would be necessary.展开更多
The aim of the study was to develop actarit double-layered osmotic pump tablets to overcome the weak points of actarit common tablets, such as short half-life and large plasma concentration fluctuations. Single factor...The aim of the study was to develop actarit double-layered osmotic pump tablets to overcome the weak points of actarit common tablets, such as short half-life and large plasma concentration fluctuations. Single factor experiment and orthogonal test were applied to optimize the formulation;the pharmacokinetic study was performed in beagle dogs adopting actarit common tablets as reference tablets. The optimal formulation was as follows: drug layer: 150 mg actarit, 240 mg PEO-N80, 50 mg NaCl;push layer: 140 mg PEO-WSR303, 20 mg NaCl;coating solution: 30 g cellulose acetate and 6 g PEG 4000 in 1000 ml 94% acetone solution, 60 mg coating weight gain. The pharmacokinetic study showed that T max was prolonged by the contrast of commercial common tablets with constant drug release rate, but the bioavailability was equivalent. And a good in vivo –in vitro correlation of the actarit osmotic pump tablets was also established. The designed actarit osmotic pump tablets can be applied for rheumatoid arthritis, proposing a promising replacement for the marked common products.展开更多
One purpose of this study was to develop a paliperidone(PAL)tri-layer ascending release pushepull osmotic pump(TA-PPOP)tablet which could meet the needs of clinical applications.And another purpose was to investigate ...One purpose of this study was to develop a paliperidone(PAL)tri-layer ascending release pushepull osmotic pump(TA-PPOP)tablet which could meet the needs of clinical applications.And another purpose was to investigate whether different coating materials influenced in vivo performance of TA-PPOP.The ascending release mechanism of this trilayer delivery system on theory was elaborated.TA-PPOP was prepared by means of coating with cellulose acetate(CA)or ethyl cellulose(EC).Several important influence factors such as different core tablet compositions and different coating solution ingredients involved in the formulation procedure were investigated.The optimization of formulation and process was conducted by comparing different in vitro release behaviors of PAL.In vitro dissolution studies indicated that both the two formulations of different coating materials were able to deliver PAL at an ascending release rate during the whole 24 h test.The in vivo pharmacokinetics study showed that both self-made PPOP tablets with different coating had a good in vitro-in vivo correlation(IVIVC)and were bioequivalent with the brand product,which demonstrated no significant influence of the coating materials on the in vivo release acceleration of TA-PPOP.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to develop a PLGA microspheres-based donepezil(DP)formulation which was expected to sustain release of DP for one week with high encapsulation efficiency(EE).DP derived from donepezil hyd...The purpose of this study was to develop a PLGA microspheres-based donepezil(DP)formulation which was expected to sustain release of DP for one week with high encapsulation efficiency(EE).DP derived from donepezil hydrochloride was encapsulated in PLGA microspheres by the O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation method.The optimized formulation which avoided the crushing of microspheres during the preparation process was characterized in terms of particle size,morphology,drug loading and EE,physical state of DP in the matrix and in vitro and in vivo release behavior.DP microspheres were prepared successfully with average diameter of 30m,drug loading of 15.92±0.31%and EE up to 78.79±2.56%.Scanning electron microscope image showed it has integrated spherical shape with no drug crystal and porous on its surface.Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results suggested DP was in amorphous state or molecularly dispersed in microspheres.The Tg of PLGA was increased with the addition of DP.The release profile in vitro was characterized with slow but continuous release that lasted for about one week and fitted well with first-order model,which suggested the diffusion governing release mechanism.After single-dose administration of DP microspheres via subcutaneous injection in rats,the plasma concentration of DP reached peak concentration at 0.50 d,and then declined gradually,but was still detectable at 15 d.A good correlation between in vitro and in vivo data was obtained.The results suggest the potential use of DP microspheres for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease over long periods.展开更多
This study aimed to develop a suitable topical delivery system containing diethylene glycol monoethyl ether(DGME) for Loperamide hydrochloride(Lop). Two factors, three levels CentralComposite design were applied by ge...This study aimed to develop a suitable topical delivery system containing diethylene glycol monoethyl ether(DGME) for Loperamide hydrochloride(Lop). Two factors, three levels CentralComposite design were applied by generating a quadratic polynomial equation to form contour plots and response surface for prediction of responses as two selected independent variables with EtOH-DGME ratio and EtOH concentration. The response variables flux and skin retention were determined in in vitro hairless mouse skin model. The selected optimum formulation was evaluated for the skin transport characteristics by developing dermatokinetic analysis model and the results demonstrated DGME improved the delivery of Lop into skin deep layers, which was further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)study. In vitro skin permeation was found to have triphasic correlation with plasma AUC in the in vivo pharmacokinetic study. The in vitro–in vivo correlation enabled the prediction of pharmacokinetic profile of Lop from in vitro permeation results. Therefore, the optimum formulation capable of enhancing Lop intracutaneous depot could be a candidate for topical delivery of Lop as analgesics.展开更多
The present study was designed to prepare and compare bio-adhesive pellets of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose(HPMC), chitosan, and chitosan : carbomer, explore the influence of dif...The present study was designed to prepare and compare bio-adhesive pellets of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose(HPMC), chitosan, and chitosan : carbomer, explore the influence of different bio-adhesive materials on pharmacokinetics behaviors of PNSbio-adhesive pellets, and evaluate the correlation between in vivo absorption and in vitro release(IVIVC). In order to predict the in vivo concentration-time profile by the in vitro release data of bio-adhesive pellets, the release experiment was performed using the rotating basket method in p H 6.8 phosphate buffer. The PNS concentrations in rat plasma were analyzed by HPLC-MS-MS method and the relative bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using Kinetica4.4 pharmacokinetic software. Numerical deconvolution method was used to evaluate IVIVC. Our results indicated that, compared with ordinary pellets, PNS bio-adhesive pellets showed increased oral bioavailability by 1.45 to 3.20 times, increased Cmax, and extended MRT. What's more, the release behavior of drug in HPMC pellets was shown to follow a Fickian diffusion mechanism, a synergetic function of diffusion and skeleton corrosion. The in vitro release and the in vivo biological activity had a good correlation, demonstrating that the PNS bio-adhesive pellets had a better sustained release. Numerical deconvolution technique showed the advantage in evaluation of IVIVC for self-designed bio-adhesive pellets with HPMC. In conclusion, the in vitro release data of bio-adhesive pellets with HPMC can predict its concentration-time profile in vivo.展开更多
Lipid-based formulations(LBFs)have demonstrated a great potential in enhancing the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.However,construction of in vitro and in vivo correlations(IVIVCs)for LBFs is quite chall...Lipid-based formulations(LBFs)have demonstrated a great potential in enhancing the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.However,construction of in vitro and in vivo correlations(IVIVCs)for LBFs is quite challenging,owing to a complex in vivo processing of these formulations.In this paper,we start with a brief introduction on the gastrointestinal digestion of lipid/LBFs and its relation to enhanced oral drug absorption;based on the concept of IVIVCs,the current status of in vitro models to establish IVIVCs for LBFs is reviewed,while future perspectives in this field are discussed.In vitro tests,which facilitate the understanding and prediction of the in vivo performance of solid dosage forms,frequently fail to mimic the in vivo processing of LBFs,leading to inconsistent results.In vitro digestion models,which more closely simulate gastrointestinal physiology,are a more promising option.Despite some successes in IVIVC modeling,the accuracy and consistency of these models are yet to be validated,particularly for human data.A reliable IVIVC model can not only reduce the risk,time,and cost of formulation development but can also contribute to the formulation design and optimization,thus promoting the clinical translation of LBFs.展开更多
A novel floating osmotic pump controlled release system (FOP) and traditional matrix sustained release tablets (MT) of dipyridamole (DIP) were characterized in terms of pharmacokinetics, drug release, and in vit...A novel floating osmotic pump controlled release system (FOP) and traditional matrix sustained release tablets (MT) of dipyridamole (DIP) were characterized in terms of pharmacokinetics, drug release, and in vitro-in vivo correlation. In vivo study was performed by a three-crossover study in six beagle dogs relative to the conventional tablet (CT). A HPLC method for the determination of DIP in the plasma was developed. Cumulative percent of absorption fraction was compared to that of in vitro cumulative release. Both FOP and MT displayed obvious extended release characteristic in vivo while FOP showed a better extended release behavior. The bioavailability of FOP was higher than that of MT and a zero-order release linear correlation of DIP between fraction absorbed in vivo and fraction dissolved in vitro was established for FOP while not for MT. The results indicated the existence of an absorption window in upper part of the GI track of DIP, which meant that floating system could be excellent for the drug delivery. In addition, the in vitro model was a good choice for depicting in vivo absorption and for optimization of the formulation of FOP if it is needed to be bio-equivalent to MT.展开更多
基金This work has been funded by the statutory grant from Nicolaus Copernicus University(Grant No.:451).
文摘Solid phase microextraction(SPME)in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed for the determination of metabolomic profile of mouse melanoma growth within in vitro 2D,in vitro 3D,and in vivo models.Such multi-model approach had never been investigated before.Due to the low-invasiveness of SPME,it was possible to perform time-course analysis,which allowed building time profile of biochemical reactions in the studied material.Such approach does not require the multiplication of samples as subsequent analyses are performed from the very same cell culture or from the same individual.SPME already reduces the number of animals required for experiment;therefore,it is with good concordance with the 3Rs rule(replacement,reduction,and refinement).Among tested models,the largest number of compounds was found within the in vitro 2D cell culture model,while in vivo and in vitro 3D models had the lowest number of detected compounds.These results may be connected with a higher metabolic rate,as well as lower integrity of the in vitro 2D model compared to the in vitro 3D model resulting in a lower number of compounds released into medium in the latter model.In terms of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation,the in vitro 2D model performed more similar to in vivo model compared to in vitro 3D model;however,it might have been due to the fact that only compounds secreted to medium were investigated.Thus,in further experiments to obtain full metabolome information,the intraspheroidal assessment or spheroid dissociation would be necessary.
文摘The aim of the study was to develop actarit double-layered osmotic pump tablets to overcome the weak points of actarit common tablets, such as short half-life and large plasma concentration fluctuations. Single factor experiment and orthogonal test were applied to optimize the formulation;the pharmacokinetic study was performed in beagle dogs adopting actarit common tablets as reference tablets. The optimal formulation was as follows: drug layer: 150 mg actarit, 240 mg PEO-N80, 50 mg NaCl;push layer: 140 mg PEO-WSR303, 20 mg NaCl;coating solution: 30 g cellulose acetate and 6 g PEG 4000 in 1000 ml 94% acetone solution, 60 mg coating weight gain. The pharmacokinetic study showed that T max was prolonged by the contrast of commercial common tablets with constant drug release rate, but the bioavailability was equivalent. And a good in vivo –in vitro correlation of the actarit osmotic pump tablets was also established. The designed actarit osmotic pump tablets can be applied for rheumatoid arthritis, proposing a promising replacement for the marked common products.
文摘One purpose of this study was to develop a paliperidone(PAL)tri-layer ascending release pushepull osmotic pump(TA-PPOP)tablet which could meet the needs of clinical applications.And another purpose was to investigate whether different coating materials influenced in vivo performance of TA-PPOP.The ascending release mechanism of this trilayer delivery system on theory was elaborated.TA-PPOP was prepared by means of coating with cellulose acetate(CA)or ethyl cellulose(EC).Several important influence factors such as different core tablet compositions and different coating solution ingredients involved in the formulation procedure were investigated.The optimization of formulation and process was conducted by comparing different in vitro release behaviors of PAL.In vitro dissolution studies indicated that both the two formulations of different coating materials were able to deliver PAL at an ascending release rate during the whole 24 h test.The in vivo pharmacokinetics study showed that both self-made PPOP tablets with different coating had a good in vitro-in vivo correlation(IVIVC)and were bioequivalent with the brand product,which demonstrated no significant influence of the coating materials on the in vivo release acceleration of TA-PPOP.
文摘The purpose of this study was to develop a PLGA microspheres-based donepezil(DP)formulation which was expected to sustain release of DP for one week with high encapsulation efficiency(EE).DP derived from donepezil hydrochloride was encapsulated in PLGA microspheres by the O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation method.The optimized formulation which avoided the crushing of microspheres during the preparation process was characterized in terms of particle size,morphology,drug loading and EE,physical state of DP in the matrix and in vitro and in vivo release behavior.DP microspheres were prepared successfully with average diameter of 30m,drug loading of 15.92±0.31%and EE up to 78.79±2.56%.Scanning electron microscope image showed it has integrated spherical shape with no drug crystal and porous on its surface.Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results suggested DP was in amorphous state or molecularly dispersed in microspheres.The Tg of PLGA was increased with the addition of DP.The release profile in vitro was characterized with slow but continuous release that lasted for about one week and fitted well with first-order model,which suggested the diffusion governing release mechanism.After single-dose administration of DP microspheres via subcutaneous injection in rats,the plasma concentration of DP reached peak concentration at 0.50 d,and then declined gradually,but was still detectable at 15 d.A good correlation between in vitro and in vivo data was obtained.The results suggest the potential use of DP microspheres for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease over long periods.
文摘This study aimed to develop a suitable topical delivery system containing diethylene glycol monoethyl ether(DGME) for Loperamide hydrochloride(Lop). Two factors, three levels CentralComposite design were applied by generating a quadratic polynomial equation to form contour plots and response surface for prediction of responses as two selected independent variables with EtOH-DGME ratio and EtOH concentration. The response variables flux and skin retention were determined in in vitro hairless mouse skin model. The selected optimum formulation was evaluated for the skin transport characteristics by developing dermatokinetic analysis model and the results demonstrated DGME improved the delivery of Lop into skin deep layers, which was further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)study. In vitro skin permeation was found to have triphasic correlation with plasma AUC in the in vivo pharmacokinetic study. The in vitro–in vivo correlation enabled the prediction of pharmacokinetic profile of Lop from in vitro permeation results. Therefore, the optimum formulation capable of enhancing Lop intracutaneous depot could be a candidate for topical delivery of Lop as analgesics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81274094)
文摘The present study was designed to prepare and compare bio-adhesive pellets of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose(HPMC), chitosan, and chitosan : carbomer, explore the influence of different bio-adhesive materials on pharmacokinetics behaviors of PNSbio-adhesive pellets, and evaluate the correlation between in vivo absorption and in vitro release(IVIVC). In order to predict the in vivo concentration-time profile by the in vitro release data of bio-adhesive pellets, the release experiment was performed using the rotating basket method in p H 6.8 phosphate buffer. The PNS concentrations in rat plasma were analyzed by HPLC-MS-MS method and the relative bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using Kinetica4.4 pharmacokinetic software. Numerical deconvolution method was used to evaluate IVIVC. Our results indicated that, compared with ordinary pellets, PNS bio-adhesive pellets showed increased oral bioavailability by 1.45 to 3.20 times, increased Cmax, and extended MRT. What's more, the release behavior of drug in HPMC pellets was shown to follow a Fickian diffusion mechanism, a synergetic function of diffusion and skeleton corrosion. The in vitro release and the in vivo biological activity had a good correlation, demonstrating that the PNS bio-adhesive pellets had a better sustained release. Numerical deconvolution technique showed the advantage in evaluation of IVIVC for self-designed bio-adhesive pellets with HPMC. In conclusion, the in vitro release data of bio-adhesive pellets with HPMC can predict its concentration-time profile in vivo.
基金supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.19430741400 and 19410761200,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81973247 and 81703434)
文摘Lipid-based formulations(LBFs)have demonstrated a great potential in enhancing the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.However,construction of in vitro and in vivo correlations(IVIVCs)for LBFs is quite challenging,owing to a complex in vivo processing of these formulations.In this paper,we start with a brief introduction on the gastrointestinal digestion of lipid/LBFs and its relation to enhanced oral drug absorption;based on the concept of IVIVCs,the current status of in vitro models to establish IVIVCs for LBFs is reviewed,while future perspectives in this field are discussed.In vitro tests,which facilitate the understanding and prediction of the in vivo performance of solid dosage forms,frequently fail to mimic the in vivo processing of LBFs,leading to inconsistent results.In vitro digestion models,which more closely simulate gastrointestinal physiology,are a more promising option.Despite some successes in IVIVC modeling,the accuracy and consistency of these models are yet to be validated,particularly for human data.A reliable IVIVC model can not only reduce the risk,time,and cost of formulation development but can also contribute to the formulation design and optimization,thus promoting the clinical translation of LBFs.
文摘A novel floating osmotic pump controlled release system (FOP) and traditional matrix sustained release tablets (MT) of dipyridamole (DIP) were characterized in terms of pharmacokinetics, drug release, and in vitro-in vivo correlation. In vivo study was performed by a three-crossover study in six beagle dogs relative to the conventional tablet (CT). A HPLC method for the determination of DIP in the plasma was developed. Cumulative percent of absorption fraction was compared to that of in vitro cumulative release. Both FOP and MT displayed obvious extended release characteristic in vivo while FOP showed a better extended release behavior. The bioavailability of FOP was higher than that of MT and a zero-order release linear correlation of DIP between fraction absorbed in vivo and fraction dissolved in vitro was established for FOP while not for MT. The results indicated the existence of an absorption window in upper part of the GI track of DIP, which meant that floating system could be excellent for the drug delivery. In addition, the in vitro model was a good choice for depicting in vivo absorption and for optimization of the formulation of FOP if it is needed to be bio-equivalent to MT.