Titanium matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles are considered a promising engineering material due to their combination of high specific strength,low density,and high modulus.In this study,the TA15-based...Titanium matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles are considered a promising engineering material due to their combination of high specific strength,low density,and high modulus.In this study,the TA15-based composites reinforced with a volume fraction of 10% to 25%(TiB+TiC)were prepared using powder metallurgy and casting technique.Microstructural characterization and phase constitution were examined using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).In addition,the microhardness,room temperature(RT)and high temperature(HT)tensile properties of the composites were evaluated.Results revealed that the reinforcements are distributed uniformly even in the composites with a high volume of TiB and TiC.However,as the volume fraction exceeds 15%,TiB and TiC particles become coarsening and exhibit rod-like and dendritic-like morphology.Microhardness increases gradually from 321.2 HV for the base alloy to a maximum of 473.3 HV as the reinforcement increases to 25vol.%.Tensile test results indicate that a reinforcement volume fraction above 20% is beneficial for enhancing tensile strength and yield strength at high temperatures,but it has an adverse effect on room temperature elongation.Conversely,if the reinforcement volume fraction is below 20%,it can improve high-temperature elongation when the temperature exceeds 600℃.展开更多
The addition of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid(2,5-PDCA)to the Mg-Al LDH coating,which was prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis,had extremely enhanced the corrosion protection of AZ31 Mg alloy,although the 2,5-P...The addition of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid(2,5-PDCA)to the Mg-Al LDH coating,which was prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis,had extremely enhanced the corrosion protection of AZ31 Mg alloy,although the 2,5-PDCA could not be intercalated into the interlayer spacing.The corrosion current density of 0.05 mol L^(−1)2,5-PDCA LDH containing LDH coating is 3.18 nA cm^(−2),reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the LDH coating without inhibitor,and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the coating is 98.05%.The coating formed on the surface of AZ31 was peeled off from the substrate by using a mechanical method and SEM observation of the cross-section showed that the coating consisted of three different layers.The innermost layer is a thick layer that consists of Mg(OH)_(2)and the intermediate layer is LDH,which is vertical to the substrate and the outmost layer is a thin but very dense deposit layer of LDH agglomerates with complexes of 2,5-PDCA and Mg.This kind of sediment/LDH/Mg(OH)_(2)three-layer composite structure was accountable for the increase in the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy.展开更多
Pyrochlore structure La2Sn2O7:Eu3+ microcrystals with uniform octahedron shape were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route at 180 °C for 36 h. The crystal structure, particle size, morphologies, and ...Pyrochlore structure La2Sn2O7:Eu3+ microcrystals with uniform octahedron shape were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route at 180 °C for 36 h. The crystal structure, particle size, morphologies, and optical properties of the as-synthesized products were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and PL. The effects of pH of precursor solution, precursor concentration, reaction temperature, and time were investigated. The results reveal that pH of the precursor solution not only plays an important role in determining the phase of the as-synthesized products, but also has a significant influence on the morphologies of the samples. High-quality and uniform octahedrons with an average size of about 700 nm could be easily obtained at the pH value of 12. The possible formation mechanism of octahedral-like La2Sn2O7:Eu3+ microcrystals was briefly proposed. The photoluminescence spectra show that La2Sn2O7:Eu3+ micro-octahedra display stronger emission in the range of 582-592 nm compared with the samples with other shapes.展开更多
Exploring noble metal-free catalyst materials for high efficient electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen is strongly desired for renewable energy development.In this article,a novel bifunctional catalytic ...Exploring noble metal-free catalyst materials for high efficient electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen is strongly desired for renewable energy development.In this article,a novel bifunctional catalytic electrode of insitu-grown type for alkaline water splitting based on FeCoNi alloy substrate has been successfully prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal oxidation route in an alkaline hydrogen peroxide medium.It shows that the matrix alloy with the atom ratio 4∶3∶3 of Fe∶Co∶Ni can obtain the best catalytic performance when hydrothermally treated at 180℃for 18 h in the solution containing 1.8 M hydrogen peroxide and 3.6 M sodium hydroxide.The as-prepared Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 electrode exhibits small overpotentials of only 184 and 175 mV at electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)for alkaline OER and HER processes,respectively.The overall water splitting at electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)can be stably delivered at a low cell voltage of 1.62 V.These characteristics including the large specific surface area,the high surface nickel content,the abundant catalyst species,the balanced distribution between bivalent and trivalent metal ions,and the strong binding of in-situ naturally growed catalytic layer to matrix are responsible for the prominent catalytic performance of the Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 electrode,which can act as a possible replacement for expensive noble metal-based materials.展开更多
High alumina fly ash(FAHAl)is a kind of bulk solid waste unique to China,whose availability of high-value aluminum and the threat to the environment makes its high-value utilization urgent.In this work,the alumina con...High alumina fly ash(FAHAl)is a kind of bulk solid waste unique to China,whose availability of high-value aluminum and the threat to the environment makes its high-value utilization urgent.In this work,the alumina containing leaching solution obtained from Na_(2)CO_(3) roasting and HCl leaching of FAHAl was used as the mother liquor to prepare layered boehmite in situ.The preparation process with AlCl_(3) as the raw material was also compared.The formation process and mechanism of boehmite,the choice of solvent,along with the adsorption capability of Congo red were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and adsorption experiments.Results showed that during the preparation of layered boehmite,the precursor Al(OH)_(3) from the reaction of Al^(3+) and OH-is transformed into boehmiteγ-AlOOH.The existence of ethanol is beneficial to regulate and promote the growth of boehmite crystal effectively.When water and ethanol are mixed with a volume ratio of 2:1 and used as the solvent,the maximum specific surface area of the boehmite is obtained at 135.7 m^(2)·g^(-1),and 99.16%of Congo red can be absorbed after 10 min when AlCl3 is used as a raw material.As purified leaching solution is used as the mother liquid,the crystallinity of boehmite decreases slightly when the pH value decreases from 12.5 to 11.When pH is 11,the removal efficiency of Congo red reaches a maximum of 72.25%.This process not only achieves the extraction of aluminum and high-value utilization of FAHAl but also provides a thought to prepare layered boehmite with adsorption properties.展开更多
ZSM‐22 zeolite with different crystal lengths was prepared using a modified hydrothermal method. Rotation speed, Si/Al molar ratio and co‐solvent have important effects on the crystal size of ZSM‐22. The nanosized ...ZSM‐22 zeolite with different crystal lengths was prepared using a modified hydrothermal method. Rotation speed, Si/Al molar ratio and co‐solvent have important effects on the crystal size of ZSM‐22. The nanosized zeolite samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, temperature‐programmed desorption of am‐monia and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance. The catalytic performance of nanosized ZSM‐22 was tested using the conversion of methanol. Compared to conventional ZSM‐22, the nanosized ZSM‐22 zeolite exhibited superior selectivity to ethylene and aromatics and lower selectivity to propylene. Stability against deactivation was clearly shown by the nanosized ZSM‐22 zeolite. A higher external surface area and smaller particle size make this nanosized ZSM‐22 zeolite attractive for catalytic applications.展开更多
Tetragonal barium titanate was synthesized from barium hydroxide octahydrate and titanium tetrachloride through a simple one-step hydrothermal method.The effect of different solvents on the crystal structure and morph...Tetragonal barium titanate was synthesized from barium hydroxide octahydrate and titanium tetrachloride through a simple one-step hydrothermal method.The effect of different solvents on the crystal structure and morphology of barium titanate nanoparticles during the hy-drothermal process was investigated.Except for ethylene glycol/water solvent,impurity-free barium titanate was synthesized in pure water,methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl alcohol/water mixed solvents.Compared with other alcohols,ethanol promotes the formation of a tetragonal structure.In addition,characterization studies confirm that particles synthesized in methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl al-cohol/water mixed solvents are smaller in size than those synthesized in pure water.In the case of alcohol-containing solvents,the particle size decreases in the order of isopropanol,ethanol,and methanol.Among all the media used in this study,ethanol/water is considered the optimum reaction media for barium titanate with high tetragonality(defined as the ratio of two lattice parameters c and a,c/a=1.0088)and small aver-age particle size(82 nm),which indicates its great application potential in multilayer ceramic capacitors.展开更多
This study aims to improve the value of fast-growing wood and extend the heat-treated wood utilization using inorganic calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))crystals via an in-situ synthesis method.CaCl_(2)and Na 2CO_(3)solution...This study aims to improve the value of fast-growing wood and extend the heat-treated wood utilization using inorganic calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))crystals via an in-situ synthesis method.CaCl_(2)and Na 2CO_(3)solutions with a concentration ratio of 1:1 were successively introduced into the thermally modified poplar wood obtained by steam heat treatment(HT)at 200℃for 1.5 and 3 h,resulting in the in-situ synthesis of CaCO_(3)crystals inside the heat-treated wood.The filling effect was best at the concentration of 1.2 mol/L.CaCO_(3)was uniformly distributed in the cell cavities of the heat-treated wood,and some of the crystals were embedded in the fissures of the wood cell walls.The morphology of CaCO_(3)crystals was mainly spherical and rhombic polyhedral.Three main types of CaCO_(3)crystals were calcite,vaterite,and aragonite.The HT of poplar wood at 200℃resulted in degrading the chemical components of the wood cell wall.This degradation led to reduced wood mechanical properties,including the surface hardness(HD),modulus of rupture(MOR),and modulus of elasticity(MOE).After CaCO_(3)was in-situ synthesized in the heat-treated wood,the HD increased by 18.36%and 16.35%,and MOR increased by 14.64%and 8.89%,respectively.Because of the CaCO_(3)synthesization,the char residue of the 200℃heat-treated wood samples increased by 9.31%and the maximum weight loss rate decreased by 19.80%,indicating that the filling with CaCO_(3)cannot only improve the mechanical properties of the heat-treated wood but also effectively enhance its thermal stability.展开更多
Flowerlike LiFePO4 particles self-assembled by plate-like crystals with about 200 nm thickness were prepared by the poly(ethylene glycol)-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Poly(ethylene glycol) in the hydrothermal ...Flowerlike LiFePO4 particles self-assembled by plate-like crystals with about 200 nm thickness were prepared by the poly(ethylene glycol)-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Poly(ethylene glycol) in the hydrothermal system played an important role in reducing the thickness of the plate-like LiFePO4 crystals as a co-solvent and forming the flower- like structure as a soft template. The flowerlike LiFePO4 exhibits high discharge capacity of 140 mAh/g and shows quite good cycling performance in the lithium-ion batteries. Con- sidering that the conductive carbon in the obtained LiFePO4 is negligible, the excellent cell performance suggests that the flowerlike LiFePO4 is a promising cathode material for the lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Monodisperse ZnxCd1-xS spheres were successfully fabricated with a high yield by a facile hydrothermal route.The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry,scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis d...Monodisperse ZnxCd1-xS spheres were successfully fabricated with a high yield by a facile hydrothermal route.The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry,scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy.The results indicate that all the prepared samples have the same hexagonal wurtzite phase and exhibit good size uniformity and regularity.Degradation of rhodamine-B(RhB) was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of ZnxCd1-xS samples.Zn0.4Cd0.6S possessed the best photocatalytic activity and exhibited high stability during the reaction.展开更多
A metal-organic coordination polymer [ZnE.s(phen)(BDC)2(OH)]2 (phen = 1,10- phenanthroline, BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-c...A metal-organic coordination polymer [ZnE.s(phen)(BDC)2(OH)]2 (phen = 1,10- phenanthroline, BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group PI with a = 11.199(2), b = 11.593(2), c = 11.865(3)/A, α= 99.330(1), β = 111.506(1), γ = 104.804(1)^o, V= 1328.4(5)A^3, Dc= 1.722 g/cm^3, Z = 1, Mr = 1377.82, F(000) = 692,μ(MoKa) = 2.306 mm^-1, S = 1.093, R= 0.0281 and wR = 0.0756 for 4179 observed reflections (I 〉 2σ(/)). The coordination polyhedron around Zn(II) can be described as a tetrahedron, trigonal bipyramid and octahedron. It is worth noting that the crystal structure of 1 is composed of tetranuclear zinc clusters linked by {ZnO6} units.展开更多
The title complex (C26H18CuN206, Mr= 517.96) has been synthesized by the reaction of α-furanacrylic acid with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in the solvent mixture of water and methanol. Crystal data: monoclinic, sp...The title complex (C26H18CuN206, Mr= 517.96) has been synthesized by the reaction of α-furanacrylic acid with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in the solvent mixture of water and methanol. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 2.2927(4), b = 1.01248(18), c = 1.05061(18) nm, β = 111.188(3)°, V= 2.274(7) nm^3, Dc = 1.513 g/cm^3, Z = 4, F(000) = 1060,μ = 1.007mm^-1, R = 0.0320 and ωR = 0.0781. The crystal structural analysis shows that the copper atom is coordinated with four oxygen atoms from two α-furacrylic acids and two nitrogen atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline, giving a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The result of electrochemical analysis shows that the electron transfer in the electrode reaction is quasi-reversible.展开更多
Olivine LiFePO 4 , as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, was prepared by a novel optimized hydrothermal method; afterwards, the product mixed with glucose was two-step (350℃ and 700℃) calcinated under h...Olivine LiFePO 4 , as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, was prepared by a novel optimized hydrothermal method; afterwards, the product mixed with glucose was two-step (350℃ and 700℃) calcinated under high-purity N 2 atmosphere to obtain the LiFePO 4 /C composite. The study on the hydrothermal preparation method, which focused on the influences of molar ratios, initial pH value, reaction temperature, and duration, was made to promote the resultant performances and to investigate the relations between the performances and the reaction conditions. The resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical tests, which include charge-discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The result shows that the optimal hydrothermal condition is to set the Li:Fe:P molar ratio at 3:1:1 and the reaction temperature at 180℃ for 5 h duration with an initial pH value of 7. The optimized sample, with an average particle size of 100 to 300 nm and a discharge capacity of 118.2 mAh·g-1 at 0.1C, exhibits a stable and narrow-gapped charge-discharge platform and small capacity losses after cycles.展开更多
A metal-organic coordination polymer {[Zn(Pht)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (Pht = phthalate, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR,...A metal-organic coordination polymer {[Zn(Pht)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (Pht = phthalate, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Yellow crystals crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P2/n, a = 7.6346(14), b = 11.316(2), c = 10.8133(19) ,A, β = 92.A.A,A.(3)°, V = 933.3(3) A^3, C18H20N2O8Zn, Mr = 457.73, Dc = 1.629 g/cm^3, F(000) = 472, Z = 2,μ(MoKa) = 1.367 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0323 and wR = 0.0821 for 1859 observed reflections (Ⅰ〉 2σ(Ⅰ)). The structure of 1 exhibits a two-dimensional bilayer framework formed by hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, 1 shows yellow photoluminescent property at room temperature.展开更多
High quality Sb-doped SnO2 electrode, with high oxygen evolution potential of 3.0 V, was successfully synthesized on the Ti substrates by in situ hydrothermal synthesis method.
A new metal-organic coordination polymer [Zn(ipt)(im)2]2n·3nH2O 1 has been obtained by using hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-...A new metal-organic coordination polymer [Zn(ipt)(im)2]2n·3nH2O 1 has been obtained by using hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2(1/n) with a = 10.653(3), b = 17.891(6), c = 10.743(4)A^°,β= 117.093(5)°, V= 1822.9(10) A^°3, Mr= 413.65, Dc = 1.507 g/cm^3,/t(MoKa) = 1.390 mm^-1, F(000) = 840, Z = 4, the final R = 0.0444 and wR = 0.1066 for 2434 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)). Furthermore, compound 1 shows blue photoluminescent property at room temperature.展开更多
A novel supramolecular compound, [Co(IN)_2(H_2O)_4](1), was synthesized by means of the hydrothermal method and its structure was characterized with elemental analysis, FT-IR spectrum, TGA and X-ray diffraction. Thoug...A novel supramolecular compound, [Co(IN)_2(H_2O)_4](1), was synthesized by means of the hydrothermal method and its structure was characterized with elemental analysis, FT-IR spectrum, TGA and X-ray diffraction. Though the unit cell structure of the title compound is only monomeric, all these units as building blocks are assembled into a novel three-dimensional supramolecular network via the widely hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking interactions.展开更多
The phase and morphology transformation during the hydrothermal treating process of Y2O3 was evaluated with X-ray difference (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle ...The phase and morphology transformation during the hydrothermal treating process of Y2O3 was evaluated with X-ray difference (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size and specific surface area determination. The results showed that the cubic Y2O3 did not transfer into hexagonal Y(OH)3 in pure water. Therefore, pure hexagonal Y(OH)3 with nanotube and microrod morphologies were obtained by hydrothermal treating Y2O3 at 150 oC for 12 h in 15 ml of 2 mol/L NaOH solution with and without PVA or PEG. It was suggested that the characteristic preferential growth of Y(OH)3 was attributed to the structure anisotropy of hexahedron Y(OH)3. The addition of PVA or PEG could promote the forming process of nanotubes by selective adsorption on different crystal planes, which altered the growth rate along different directions and resulted in the diffusion limit of constructing ions in the center top of rods. Finally, Y(OH)3:Eu and Y2O3:Eu nanotubes were also synthesized by using this method, and their photoluminescence properties were evaluated.展开更多
One novel metal-organic framework(MOF), [Ba(L)(HO)](1, HL =aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid), has been synthesized by hydrothermal method. Each barium atom is eleven-coordinated into a distorted monocapped pentagonal antip...One novel metal-organic framework(MOF), [Ba(L)(HO)](1, HL =aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid), has been synthesized by hydrothermal method. Each barium atom is eleven-coordinated into a distorted monocapped pentagonal antiprismatic arrangement. Compound 1 shows an interesting 3 D pillar-layered structure constructed from 2 D inorganic layers[Ba(SO)(HO)]and organic pillars of phenyl moieties of L2-linkages. The inorganic layers are supported by the organic pillars, generating a novel 3 D open framework structure with {3, 4~6, 5~5, 6~5,7~4}2{3}{5} topology. The result of fluorescence measurement can reveal that the decayed emission band centered at 492 nm may be caused by the interactions of the ligands and the metal ions.Compound 1 exhibits selective toward the adsorption of COover Nat 273 K.展开更多
It was focused on the applications and developments of microwave hydrothermal synthesis piezoelectric ceramic powder. The microwave hydrothermal vessel was designed and manufactured. The microwave hydrothermal synthes...It was focused on the applications and developments of microwave hydrothermal synthesis piezoelectric ceramic powder. The microwave hydrothermal vessel was designed and manufactured. The microwave hydrothermal synthesis system was established and the PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder was synthesized. XRD and TEM have been used to characterize the products in detail. The diameter of the PZT powder particle is from 40 to 60 nm.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFB2008300,2020YFB2008303)。
文摘Titanium matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles are considered a promising engineering material due to their combination of high specific strength,low density,and high modulus.In this study,the TA15-based composites reinforced with a volume fraction of 10% to 25%(TiB+TiC)were prepared using powder metallurgy and casting technique.Microstructural characterization and phase constitution were examined using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).In addition,the microhardness,room temperature(RT)and high temperature(HT)tensile properties of the composites were evaluated.Results revealed that the reinforcements are distributed uniformly even in the composites with a high volume of TiB and TiC.However,as the volume fraction exceeds 15%,TiB and TiC particles become coarsening and exhibit rod-like and dendritic-like morphology.Microhardness increases gradually from 321.2 HV for the base alloy to a maximum of 473.3 HV as the reinforcement increases to 25vol.%.Tensile test results indicate that a reinforcement volume fraction above 20% is beneficial for enhancing tensile strength and yield strength at high temperatures,but it has an adverse effect on room temperature elongation.Conversely,if the reinforcement volume fraction is below 20%,it can improve high-temperature elongation when the temperature exceeds 600℃.
文摘The addition of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid(2,5-PDCA)to the Mg-Al LDH coating,which was prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis,had extremely enhanced the corrosion protection of AZ31 Mg alloy,although the 2,5-PDCA could not be intercalated into the interlayer spacing.The corrosion current density of 0.05 mol L^(−1)2,5-PDCA LDH containing LDH coating is 3.18 nA cm^(−2),reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the LDH coating without inhibitor,and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the coating is 98.05%.The coating formed on the surface of AZ31 was peeled off from the substrate by using a mechanical method and SEM observation of the cross-section showed that the coating consisted of three different layers.The innermost layer is a thick layer that consists of Mg(OH)_(2)and the intermediate layer is LDH,which is vertical to the substrate and the outmost layer is a thin but very dense deposit layer of LDH agglomerates with complexes of 2,5-PDCA and Mg.This kind of sediment/LDH/Mg(OH)_(2)three-layer composite structure was accountable for the increase in the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy.
基金Project (07C26214301746) supported by Innovation Foundation of Ministry of Science and Technology, ChinaProject (2010GXNSFB013008) supported by Guangxi Natural Science Foundation, ChinaProject (2009bsxt001) supported by the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University, China
文摘Pyrochlore structure La2Sn2O7:Eu3+ microcrystals with uniform octahedron shape were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route at 180 °C for 36 h. The crystal structure, particle size, morphologies, and optical properties of the as-synthesized products were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and PL. The effects of pH of precursor solution, precursor concentration, reaction temperature, and time were investigated. The results reveal that pH of the precursor solution not only plays an important role in determining the phase of the as-synthesized products, but also has a significant influence on the morphologies of the samples. High-quality and uniform octahedrons with an average size of about 700 nm could be easily obtained at the pH value of 12. The possible formation mechanism of octahedral-like La2Sn2O7:Eu3+ microcrystals was briefly proposed. The photoluminescence spectra show that La2Sn2O7:Eu3+ micro-octahedra display stronger emission in the range of 582-592 nm compared with the samples with other shapes.
基金supported by the Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation(D18025)National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41931295)
文摘Exploring noble metal-free catalyst materials for high efficient electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen is strongly desired for renewable energy development.In this article,a novel bifunctional catalytic electrode of insitu-grown type for alkaline water splitting based on FeCoNi alloy substrate has been successfully prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal oxidation route in an alkaline hydrogen peroxide medium.It shows that the matrix alloy with the atom ratio 4∶3∶3 of Fe∶Co∶Ni can obtain the best catalytic performance when hydrothermally treated at 180℃for 18 h in the solution containing 1.8 M hydrogen peroxide and 3.6 M sodium hydroxide.The as-prepared Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 electrode exhibits small overpotentials of only 184 and 175 mV at electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)for alkaline OER and HER processes,respectively.The overall water splitting at electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)can be stably delivered at a low cell voltage of 1.62 V.These characteristics including the large specific surface area,the high surface nickel content,the abundant catalyst species,the balanced distribution between bivalent and trivalent metal ions,and the strong binding of in-situ naturally growed catalytic layer to matrix are responsible for the prominent catalytic performance of the Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 electrode,which can act as a possible replacement for expensive noble metal-based materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174277,52204309 and 52374300).
文摘High alumina fly ash(FAHAl)is a kind of bulk solid waste unique to China,whose availability of high-value aluminum and the threat to the environment makes its high-value utilization urgent.In this work,the alumina containing leaching solution obtained from Na_(2)CO_(3) roasting and HCl leaching of FAHAl was used as the mother liquor to prepare layered boehmite in situ.The preparation process with AlCl_(3) as the raw material was also compared.The formation process and mechanism of boehmite,the choice of solvent,along with the adsorption capability of Congo red were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and adsorption experiments.Results showed that during the preparation of layered boehmite,the precursor Al(OH)_(3) from the reaction of Al^(3+) and OH-is transformed into boehmiteγ-AlOOH.The existence of ethanol is beneficial to regulate and promote the growth of boehmite crystal effectively.When water and ethanol are mixed with a volume ratio of 2:1 and used as the solvent,the maximum specific surface area of the boehmite is obtained at 135.7 m^(2)·g^(-1),and 99.16%of Congo red can be absorbed after 10 min when AlCl3 is used as a raw material.As purified leaching solution is used as the mother liquid,the crystallinity of boehmite decreases slightly when the pH value decreases from 12.5 to 11.When pH is 11,the removal efficiency of Congo red reaches a maximum of 72.25%.This process not only achieves the extraction of aluminum and high-value utilization of FAHAl but also provides a thought to prepare layered boehmite with adsorption properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21506202)~~
文摘ZSM‐22 zeolite with different crystal lengths was prepared using a modified hydrothermal method. Rotation speed, Si/Al molar ratio and co‐solvent have important effects on the crystal size of ZSM‐22. The nanosized zeolite samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, temperature‐programmed desorption of am‐monia and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance. The catalytic performance of nanosized ZSM‐22 was tested using the conversion of methanol. Compared to conventional ZSM‐22, the nanosized ZSM‐22 zeolite exhibited superior selectivity to ethylene and aromatics and lower selectivity to propylene. Stability against deactivation was clearly shown by the nanosized ZSM‐22 zeolite. A higher external surface area and smaller particle size make this nanosized ZSM‐22 zeolite attractive for catalytic applications.
基金supported by Chongqing Newcent New Materials Co.,Ltd.,China (No.2021GKF-0708).
文摘Tetragonal barium titanate was synthesized from barium hydroxide octahydrate and titanium tetrachloride through a simple one-step hydrothermal method.The effect of different solvents on the crystal structure and morphology of barium titanate nanoparticles during the hy-drothermal process was investigated.Except for ethylene glycol/water solvent,impurity-free barium titanate was synthesized in pure water,methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl alcohol/water mixed solvents.Compared with other alcohols,ethanol promotes the formation of a tetragonal structure.In addition,characterization studies confirm that particles synthesized in methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl al-cohol/water mixed solvents are smaller in size than those synthesized in pure water.In the case of alcohol-containing solvents,the particle size decreases in the order of isopropanol,ethanol,and methanol.Among all the media used in this study,ethanol/water is considered the optimum reaction media for barium titanate with high tetragonality(defined as the ratio of two lattice parameters c and a,c/a=1.0088)and small aver-age particle size(82 nm),which indicates its great application potential in multilayer ceramic capacitors.
基金funded by“Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,Grant No.2008085QC130”.
文摘This study aims to improve the value of fast-growing wood and extend the heat-treated wood utilization using inorganic calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))crystals via an in-situ synthesis method.CaCl_(2)and Na 2CO_(3)solutions with a concentration ratio of 1:1 were successively introduced into the thermally modified poplar wood obtained by steam heat treatment(HT)at 200℃for 1.5 and 3 h,resulting in the in-situ synthesis of CaCO_(3)crystals inside the heat-treated wood.The filling effect was best at the concentration of 1.2 mol/L.CaCO_(3)was uniformly distributed in the cell cavities of the heat-treated wood,and some of the crystals were embedded in the fissures of the wood cell walls.The morphology of CaCO_(3)crystals was mainly spherical and rhombic polyhedral.Three main types of CaCO_(3)crystals were calcite,vaterite,and aragonite.The HT of poplar wood at 200℃resulted in degrading the chemical components of the wood cell wall.This degradation led to reduced wood mechanical properties,including the surface hardness(HD),modulus of rupture(MOR),and modulus of elasticity(MOE).After CaCO_(3)was in-situ synthesized in the heat-treated wood,the HD increased by 18.36%and 16.35%,and MOR increased by 14.64%and 8.89%,respectively.Because of the CaCO_(3)synthesization,the char residue of the 200℃heat-treated wood samples increased by 9.31%and the maximum weight loss rate decreased by 19.80%,indicating that the filling with CaCO_(3)cannot only improve the mechanical properties of the heat-treated wood but also effectively enhance its thermal stability.
基金This work was supported Science Foundation of China by the National Natural (No.21006033).
文摘Flowerlike LiFePO4 particles self-assembled by plate-like crystals with about 200 nm thickness were prepared by the poly(ethylene glycol)-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Poly(ethylene glycol) in the hydrothermal system played an important role in reducing the thickness of the plate-like LiFePO4 crystals as a co-solvent and forming the flower- like structure as a soft template. The flowerlike LiFePO4 exhibits high discharge capacity of 140 mAh/g and shows quite good cycling performance in the lithium-ion batteries. Con- sidering that the conductive carbon in the obtained LiFePO4 is negligible, the excellent cell performance suggests that the flowerlike LiFePO4 is a promising cathode material for the lithium-ion batteries.
基金Project (20776016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (20876109) supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China
文摘Monodisperse ZnxCd1-xS spheres were successfully fabricated with a high yield by a facile hydrothermal route.The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry,scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy.The results indicate that all the prepared samples have the same hexagonal wurtzite phase and exhibit good size uniformity and regularity.Degradation of rhodamine-B(RhB) was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of ZnxCd1-xS samples.Zn0.4Cd0.6S possessed the best photocatalytic activity and exhibited high stability during the reaction.
基金The project was supported by the Education Office of Jilin Province (No. 0047)
文摘A metal-organic coordination polymer [ZnE.s(phen)(BDC)2(OH)]2 (phen = 1,10- phenanthroline, BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group PI with a = 11.199(2), b = 11.593(2), c = 11.865(3)/A, α= 99.330(1), β = 111.506(1), γ = 104.804(1)^o, V= 1328.4(5)A^3, Dc= 1.722 g/cm^3, Z = 1, Mr = 1377.82, F(000) = 692,μ(MoKa) = 2.306 mm^-1, S = 1.093, R= 0.0281 and wR = 0.0756 for 4179 observed reflections (I 〉 2σ(/)). The coordination polyhedron around Zn(II) can be described as a tetrahedron, trigonal bipyramid and octahedron. It is worth noting that the crystal structure of 1 is composed of tetranuclear zinc clusters linked by {ZnO6} units.
基金the Foundation of Education Committee of Hunan Province (06C195)the Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Teachers of Hengyang Normal University (2006)the Construct Program of the.Key Discipline in Hunan Province.
文摘The title complex (C26H18CuN206, Mr= 517.96) has been synthesized by the reaction of α-furanacrylic acid with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in the solvent mixture of water and methanol. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 2.2927(4), b = 1.01248(18), c = 1.05061(18) nm, β = 111.188(3)°, V= 2.274(7) nm^3, Dc = 1.513 g/cm^3, Z = 4, F(000) = 1060,μ = 1.007mm^-1, R = 0.0320 and ωR = 0.0781. The crystal structural analysis shows that the copper atom is coordinated with four oxygen atoms from two α-furacrylic acids and two nitrogen atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline, giving a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The result of electrochemical analysis shows that the electron transfer in the electrode reaction is quasi-reversible.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50472089)
文摘Olivine LiFePO 4 , as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, was prepared by a novel optimized hydrothermal method; afterwards, the product mixed with glucose was two-step (350℃ and 700℃) calcinated under high-purity N 2 atmosphere to obtain the LiFePO 4 /C composite. The study on the hydrothermal preparation method, which focused on the influences of molar ratios, initial pH value, reaction temperature, and duration, was made to promote the resultant performances and to investigate the relations between the performances and the reaction conditions. The resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical tests, which include charge-discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The result shows that the optimal hydrothermal condition is to set the Li:Fe:P molar ratio at 3:1:1 and the reaction temperature at 180℃ for 5 h duration with an initial pH value of 7. The optimized sample, with an average particle size of 100 to 300 nm and a discharge capacity of 118.2 mAh·g-1 at 0.1C, exhibits a stable and narrow-gapped charge-discharge platform and small capacity losses after cycles.
基金The project was supported by the Education Office of Jilin Province (No. 0047)
文摘A metal-organic coordination polymer {[Zn(Pht)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (Pht = phthalate, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Yellow crystals crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P2/n, a = 7.6346(14), b = 11.316(2), c = 10.8133(19) ,A, β = 92.A.A,A.(3)°, V = 933.3(3) A^3, C18H20N2O8Zn, Mr = 457.73, Dc = 1.629 g/cm^3, F(000) = 472, Z = 2,μ(MoKa) = 1.367 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0323 and wR = 0.0821 for 1859 observed reflections (Ⅰ〉 2σ(Ⅰ)). The structure of 1 exhibits a two-dimensional bilayer framework formed by hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, 1 shows yellow photoluminescent property at room temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20607015)Program for Young Excellent Talents in Tongji University(No.2006KJ057).
文摘High quality Sb-doped SnO2 electrode, with high oxygen evolution potential of 3.0 V, was successfully synthesized on the Ti substrates by in situ hydrothermal synthesis method.
基金The project was supported by the Education Office of Jilin Province (No. 0047)
文摘A new metal-organic coordination polymer [Zn(ipt)(im)2]2n·3nH2O 1 has been obtained by using hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2(1/n) with a = 10.653(3), b = 17.891(6), c = 10.743(4)A^°,β= 117.093(5)°, V= 1822.9(10) A^°3, Mr= 413.65, Dc = 1.507 g/cm^3,/t(MoKa) = 1.390 mm^-1, F(000) = 840, Z = 4, the final R = 0.0444 and wR = 0.1066 for 2434 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)). Furthermore, compound 1 shows blue photoluminescent property at room temperature.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( No.2 973 3 0 90 ),the Research Funds for the DoctoralProgram of Higher Education,the State Key L aboratory of Coordination ChemistryNanjing U niversity and the Funds ofInner Mongolia Edu
文摘A novel supramolecular compound, [Co(IN)_2(H_2O)_4](1), was synthesized by means of the hydrothermal method and its structure was characterized with elemental analysis, FT-IR spectrum, TGA and X-ray diffraction. Though the unit cell structure of the title compound is only monomeric, all these units as building blocks are assembled into a novel three-dimensional supramolecular network via the widely hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking interactions.
基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0730)Chinese Ministry of Education Foundation for Core Young Teacher at University (GG-430-10403-1970)+1 种基金the Key Project of Department of Science and Technology of Jiangxi ProvinceProject of Education Department of Jiangxi
文摘The phase and morphology transformation during the hydrothermal treating process of Y2O3 was evaluated with X-ray difference (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size and specific surface area determination. The results showed that the cubic Y2O3 did not transfer into hexagonal Y(OH)3 in pure water. Therefore, pure hexagonal Y(OH)3 with nanotube and microrod morphologies were obtained by hydrothermal treating Y2O3 at 150 oC for 12 h in 15 ml of 2 mol/L NaOH solution with and without PVA or PEG. It was suggested that the characteristic preferential growth of Y(OH)3 was attributed to the structure anisotropy of hexahedron Y(OH)3. The addition of PVA or PEG could promote the forming process of nanotubes by selective adsorption on different crystal planes, which altered the growth rate along different directions and resulted in the diffusion limit of constructing ions in the center top of rods. Finally, Y(OH)3:Eu and Y2O3:Eu nanotubes were also synthesized by using this method, and their photoluminescence properties were evaluated.
基金supported by the Liaoning Provincial Education Department(No.L2015299)Innovative training program for College Students(Nos.201710148000118,201710148000147)
文摘One novel metal-organic framework(MOF), [Ba(L)(HO)](1, HL =aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid), has been synthesized by hydrothermal method. Each barium atom is eleven-coordinated into a distorted monocapped pentagonal antiprismatic arrangement. Compound 1 shows an interesting 3 D pillar-layered structure constructed from 2 D inorganic layers[Ba(SO)(HO)]and organic pillars of phenyl moieties of L2-linkages. The inorganic layers are supported by the organic pillars, generating a novel 3 D open framework structure with {3, 4~6, 5~5, 6~5,7~4}2{3}{5} topology. The result of fluorescence measurement can reveal that the decayed emission band centered at 492 nm may be caused by the interactions of the ligands and the metal ions.Compound 1 exhibits selective toward the adsorption of COover Nat 273 K.
文摘It was focused on the applications and developments of microwave hydrothermal synthesis piezoelectric ceramic powder. The microwave hydrothermal vessel was designed and manufactured. The microwave hydrothermal synthesis system was established and the PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder was synthesized. XRD and TEM have been used to characterize the products in detail. The diameter of the PZT powder particle is from 40 to 60 nm.