Combining Polarization-Division Multiplexing and Ferromagnetic Nonreciprocity to Achieve In-Band Ultra-High Isolation for Full-Duplex Wireless Systems

The in-band full-duplex(IBFD)wireless system is a promising candidate for 6G and beyond,as it can double data throughput and enormously lower transmission latency by supporting simultaneous in-band transmission and reception of signals.Enabling IBFD systems requires a substantial mitigation of a transmitter(Tx)’s strong self-interference(SI)signal into the receiver(Rx)channel.However,current state-ofthe-art approaches to tackle this challenge are inefficient in terms of performance,cost,and complexity,hindering the commercialization of IBFD techniques.In this work,we devise and demonstrate an innovative approach to realize IBFD systems that exhibit superior performance with a low-cost and lesscomplex architecture in an all-passive module.Our scheme is based on meticulously combining polarization-division multiplexing(PDM)with ferromagnetic nonreciprocity to achieve ultra-high isolation between Tx and Rx channels.Such an unprecedented conception has become feasible thanks to a concurrent dual-mode circulator—a new component introduced for the first time—as a key feature of our module,and a dual-mode waveguide that transforms two orthogonally polarized waves into two orthogonal waveguide modes.In addition,we propose a unique passive tunable secondary SI cancellation(SIC)mechanism,which is embedded within the proposed module and boosts the isolation over a relatively broad bandwidth.We report,solely in the analog domain,experimental isolation levels of 50,70,and 80 dB over 340,101,and 33 MHz bandwidth at the center frequency of interest,respectively,with excellent tuning capability.Furthermore,the module is tested in two real IBFD scenarios to assess its performance in connection with Tx-to-Rx leakage and modulation error in the presence of a Tx’s strong interference signal.

Efficient Nd:YVO4 laser in-band pumped by wavelength-locked 913.9-nm laser diode and Q-switch operation

An efficient 1064-nm Nd：YVO_4laser in-band pumped by a wavelength-locked laser diode（LD） at 913.9 nm was demonstrated. The maximum continuous wave（CW） output power of 23.4 W at 1064 nm was realized with the incident pump power of 40 W, corresponding to a total optical-to-optical efficiency of 58.5%. This is to the best of our knowledge the highest total optical-to-optical efficiency and output power of Nd：YVO_4laser in-band pumped by a 913.9-nm laser diode.The Q-switched operation of this laser was also investigated. Through a contrast experiment of pumping at 808 nm, the experimental results showed that an Nd：YVO_4laser in-band pumped by a wavelength-locked LD at 913.9 nm had excellent pulse stability and beam quality for high repetition rate Q-switching operation.

Multi-wavelength continuous-wave Nd:YVO4 self-Raman laser under in-band pumping

Multi-wavelength continuous-wave self-Raman laser with an a-cut composite YVO4/Nd:YVO4/YVO4 crystal pumped by an 879-nm wavelength-locked laser diode is demonstrated for the first time.Multi-wavelength Raman lasers at 1168.4,1176,1178.7,and 1201.6 nm are achieved by the first Stokes shift of the multi-wavelength fundamental lasers at 1064,1066.7,1073.6,1084,and 1085.6 nm with two Raman shifts of 890 and 816 cm^-1.A maximum Raman output power of 2.56 W is achieved through the use of a 20-mm-long composite crystal,with a corresponding optical conversion efficiency of 9.8%.The polarization directions of different fundamental and Raman lasers are investigated and found to be orthogonalπandσpolarizations.These orthogonally polarized multi-wavelength lasers with small wavelength separation pave the way to the development of a potential laser source for application in spectral analysis,laser radar and THz generation.

The interaction of in-band and in-gap lattice soliton trains in optically induced two-dimensional photonic lattices

We demonstrate the coherent interactions of lattice soliton trains, including in-band solitons （IBSs） and gap soliton trains （GSTs）, in optically induced two-dimensional photonic lattices with self-defocusing nonlinearity. It is revealed that the π-staggered phase structures of the lattice soliton trains will lead to anomalous interactions. Solely by changing their initial separations, the transition between attractive and repulsive interaction forces or reversion of the energy transfer can be obtained. The ‘negative refraction＇ effect of the soliton trains on the interaction is also discussed. Moreover, two interacting IBSs can merge into one GST when attraction or energy transfer happens.

Analysis and Impact of Surface Acoustic Wave Filter in-Band Ripple on Testing and Measurement of High Data Rate Communications

In this paper, we present a background and theory of the effect of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Filter Module (SFM) in-band ripple on high data rate communications parameters such as the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM). In addition, we present analyses and statements for the choice of unbalanced S-parameters set of the SFM over balanced S-parameters set of the SFM in measurements and Agilent’s Advance Design System (ADS) Ptolemy simulations. A test and measurement setup using Agilent’s equipment will be presented.

In-band pumping avenue based high power superfluorescent fiber source with record power and near-diffraction-limited beam quality

High power superfluorescent fiber sources(SFSs), which could find wide applications in many fields such as middle infrared laser generation, Raman fiber laser pumping and spectral beam combination, have experienced a flourishing time in recent years for its unique properties, such as short coherence length and high temporal stability. The challenge for performance scalability of powerful SFS mainly lies on the physical issues including parasitic laser oscillation and modal instability(MI). In this contribution, by employing in-band pumping avenue and high-order transverse-mode management, we explore a high power SFS with record power, near-diffraction-limited beam quality and spectral manipulation flexibility. An ultimate output power of 3.14 kW can be obtained with high temporal stability and a beam quality of M^2= 1.59 for the amplified light. Furthermore, the dynamics of spectral evolutions, including redshifting of central wavelength and unsymmetrical broadening in spectral wings, of the main amplifier with different seed linewidths are investigated contrastively. Benefiting from the unique high pump brightness and high MI threshold of in-band pumping scheme, the demonstrated system also manifests promising performance scaling potential.

First-Stokes and second-Stokes multi-wavelength continuous-wave operation in Nd:YVO4/BaWO4 Raman laser under in-band pumping

A continuous-wave Nd:YVO4/BaWO4 Raman laser generating simultaneous multi-wavelength first-Stokes and second-Stokes emissions is demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Investigations concerning different pump spot sizes and crystal lengths were conducted to improve the thermal effect and pump absorption. Three first-Stokes lasers at 1103.6, 1175.9, and 1180.7 nm and two second-Stokes lasers at 1145.7 and 1228.9 nm are obtained simultaneously using the Raman shifts of 925 cm-1 and 332 cm-1 in BaWO4 and 890 cm-1 in YVO4. At the incident pump power of 23.1 W, 1.24 W maximum Raman output power is achieved,corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 5.4%. We also present a theoretical analysis of the competition between different Stokes lines.

High power and beam quality continuous-wave Nd:Gd VO_4 laser in-band diode-pumped at 912 nm

We report on the performance of a continuous-wave Nd:Gd VO_4 laser in-band diode-pumped at 912 nm with high output power and excellent beam quality. The laser produced an output power of 19.8 W at 1063 nm with an optical efficiency of 59.3% and slope efficiency of 62.7%. The laser threshold was ~2.04 W of the absorbed pump power, and the laser output beam quality was ≤ 1.2 in the horizontal and vertical directions. The strength of thermal lensing at full output power(33.4 W of absorbed power) was measured to be an average of 8.6 diopters.It is shown that thermal lensing is reduced by a factor of 2 with respect to the Nd:YVO_4 lasers, thus opening a way for further output-power scaling.

Optimized in-band control channel with channel selection scheduling and network coding in distributed cognitive radio networks

This article proposes an optimized in-band control channel scheme with channel selection scheduling algorithm and network coding based transmission paradigm in the distributed cognitive radio network （CRN）. As well known, control channel plays an important role for establishment of wireless transmission. In order to improve spectrum efficiency in CRN, control channel is preferred to be deployed without dedicated spectrum allocation, i.e. the in-band way. In this study, the time slot division and dynamic channel selection scheduling algorithm is proposed to realize the in-band control channel with improved spectrum efficiency in the distributed CRN. Furthermore, to adapt to dynamic behavior of the primary users, network coding technology is employed to optimize the overhead of control information transmission so that the control information can be efficiently and reliably transmitted. The performance of the proposed in-band control channel scheme is verified by the extensive simulation results.

A New High Performance FM Transmitter

A new FM transmitter is reported. It adopts a fractional-N PLL synthesizer to realize the FM modulator. An extra offset current has also been applied to eliminate the effects of the mismatch in CP. The chip is fabricated with CSMC 0.5μm DPTM CMOS technology. Experiments show that it achieves THD≤0.08% and SNR≤ 82dB,and the maximum outband emission energy ≤ 90dBc/Hz. Furthermore,it also uses an auto frequency adjusting method to avoid tuning up the external inductances. All these merits are very suitable for FM transmission.

简析NB-IOT关键技术特性及行业应用

根据传输速率的不同,可将物联网业务进行高、中、低速的区分。本文分析NB-Io T的四大技术优势及关键技术特性,探讨NB-Io T"四大"技术的行业应用与前景瞻望。

8×10Gb/s光纤传输系统的设计与验证

设计和实现了一种基于数字包封装技术的小型化、低成本、高可靠和可灵活配置的8×10G光纤传输系统,从接收灵敏度、色散代价、编码增益和传输误码率等几个方面有效验证了系统的性能。经实测,系统具有较好的传输性能。

急性早幼粒细胞白血病变异易位derins(17；15)患者的联合G显带和间期荧光原位杂交分析

为探讨1例罕见的急性早幼粒细胞白血病插入型变异易位derins(17;15)的白血病细胞的生物学特征,联合应用G显带、间期荧光原位杂交、RT-PCR、基因扫描、基因测序和流式细胞术等对该例变异型易位患者进行了研究。结果表明:G显带所见的derins(17;15)是一种罕见的类型,联合应用间期荧光原位杂交技术、采用位点特异的双色pml/rarα融合探针证实了G显带的结果,间期FISH技术检测出几种信号类型,分子生物学方法证实该例虽具有插入型变异易位,但仍存在完整的pml/rarα基因。该病例经联合化疗达完全缓解,随访1年至今仍完全缓解。结论:t(15;17)变异型插入易位发生率低,其在间期荧光原位杂交中具有多种信号类型,本例应用联合化疗疗效明显。

固定区间平滑滤波增强UWB/INS/NHC组合算法研究

针对当前室内位置服务技术难以同时满足定位的高精度性、连续性和和可靠性等显著问题,本文提出了一种多传感器数据融合室内定位算法,综合利用超宽带(Ultra-Wide Band,UWB)的室内高精度定位特性、惯性导航系统(Inertial Navigation System,INS)的自主定位和短期高精度定位特性,在非完整性约束模型(Non-Holonomic Constraint,NHC)的辅助下,采用固定区间平滑滤波,实现室内高精度连续定位。实测数据分析结果表明:1)UWB能实现分米级的定位和测速精度;2)在INS、NHC和固定区间平滑滤波的辅助下,可实现厘米级的平面定位精度和分米级的高程定位精度,测速精度达到优于3 cm/s;3)在UWB定位性能较差的环境下,NHC、INS和RTS对UWB定位性能的改善最为明显。

High-power 1560 nm single-frequency erbium fiber amplifier core-pumped at 1480 nm

High-power continuous-wave single-frequency Er-doped fiber amplifiers at 1560 nm by in-band and core pumping of a 1480 nm Raman fiber laser are investigated in detail.Both co-and counter-pumping configurations are studied experimentally.Up to 59.1 W output and 90%efficiency were obtained in the fundamental mode and linear polarization in the co-pumped case,while less power and efficiency were achieved in the counter-pumped setup for additional loss.The amplifier performs indistinguishably in terms of laser linewidth and relative intensity noise in the frequency range up to 10 MHz for both configurations.However,the spectral pedestal is raised in co-pumping,caused by cross-phase modulation between the pump and signal laser,which is observed and analyzed for the first time.Nevertheless,the spectral pedestal is 34.9 dB below the peak,which has a negligible effect for most applications.

RF self-interference cancellation by using photonic technology [Invited]

Radio frequency(RF) self-interference is a key issue for the application of in-band full-duplex communication in beyond fifth generation and sixth generation communications.Compared with electronic technology, photonic technology has the advantages of wide bandwidth and high tuning precision, exhibiting great potential to realize high interference cancellation depth over broad band.In this paper, a comprehensive overview of photonic enabled RF self-interference cancellation(SIC)is presented.The operation principle of photonic RF SIC is introduced, and the advances in implementing photonic RF SIC according to the realization mechanism of phase reversal are summarized.For further realistic applications, the multipath RF SIC and the integrated photonic RF SIC are also surveyed.Finally, the challenges and opportunities of photonic RF SIC technology are discussed.

Design and optimization of an ultra-wide frequency range CMOS divide-by-two circuit

A novel toggled flip-flop（TFF） divide-by-two circuit（DTC） and its optimization method based on a large-signal analysis approach are proposed.By reducing the output RC constant in tracking mode and making it large in latching mode,compressing the internal signal swing as well as compensating the current leaked in the latching mode, the operating frequency range is greatly expanded.Implemented in a SMIC 0.13μm RF CMOS process with a 1.2 V power supply,it can work under an ultra-wide frequency band ranging from 320 MHz to 29.6 GHz.Experimental results show that two phase-locked loops（PLLs） with the proposed DTC can achieve in-band phase noise of-94 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz under 4224 MHz operating frequency and-84 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz under 10 GHz operating frequency,respectively. The power consumption of the proposed DTC is reduced by almost 50%compared with the conventional counterparts.

A 4224 MHz low jitter phase-locked loop in 0.13-μm CMOS technology

A 4224 MHz phase-locked loop （PLL） is implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. A dynamic phase frequency detector is employed to shorten the delay reset time so as to minimize the noise introduced by the charge pump. Dynamic mismatch of charge pump is considered. By balancing the switch signals of the charge pump, a good dynamic matching characteristic is achieved. A high-speed digital frequency divider with balanced input load is also designed to improve in-band phase noise performance. The 4224 MHz PLL achieves phase noises of-94 dBc/Hz and -114.4 dBc/Hz at frequency offsets of 10 kHz and 1 MHz, respectively. The integrated RMS jitter of the PLL is 0.57 ps （100 Hz to 100 MHz） and the PLL has a reference spur of-63 dB with the second order passive low pass filter.