Effect of Sc and Zr on the in-plane anisotropy of Al-Mg-Mn alloy sheets

The Al-Mg-Mn alloy sheets with and without trace Sc and Zr were investigated by means of tensile test, X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The indexes of in-plane anisotropy （IIPA） of their tensile mechanical properties were calculated and their inverse pole figures were obtained by Harris method. The two alloy sheets have the same law of in-plane anisotropy and remarkable in-plane anisotropy of mechanical properties, and the IIPA of the alloy sheet with Sc and Zr is bigger than that of the alloy sheet without Sc and Zr. The relationships of the in-plane anisotropy and the anisotropy of the crystallographic texture were analyzed based on the model of monocrystal. It is the common action of the anisotropy of crystallography and microstructures that causes the in-plane anisotropy of their mechanical properties, but the major cause is the { 110 }〈112〉 crystallographic texture. The trace Sc and Zr can promote the formation and stabilization of the { 110 } 〈 112〉 texture, inhibit the formation of the { 100 } 〈001 〉 texture, and increase the in-plane anisotropy of the alloy sheet containing trace Sc and Zr.

Tunable In-Plane Anisotropy in Amorphous Sm Co Films Grown on(011)-Oriented Single-Crystal Substrates

Amorphous Sm-Co films with uniaxial in-plane anisotropy have great potential for application in information-storage media and spintronic materials.The most effective method to produce uniaxial inplane anisotropy is to apply an in-plane magnetic field during deposition.However,this method inevitably requires more complex equipment.Here,we report a new way to produce uniaxial in-plane anisotropy by growing amorphous Sm-Co films onto(011)-cut single-crystal substrates in the absence of an external magnetic field.The tunable anisotropy constant,kA,is demonstrated with variation in the lattice parameter of the substrates.A kA value as high as about 3.3×10^4J·m^-3 was obtained in the amorphous Sm-Co film grown on a LaAlO3(011)substrate.Detailed analysis indicated that the preferential seeding and growth of ferromagnetic(FM)domains caused by the anisotropic strain of the substrates,along with the formed Sm-Co,Co-Co directional pair ordering,exert a substantial effect.This work provides a new way to obtain in-plane anisotropy in amorphous Sm-Co films.

In-plane optical anisotropy of two-dimensional VOCl single crystal with weak interlayer interaction

Transition-metal oxyhalides MOX(M=Fe,Cr,V;O=oxygen,X=F,Cl,Br,I),an emerging type of two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals materials,have been both theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to possess unique electronic and magnetic properties.However,the intrinsic in-plane anisotropic properties of 2D VOCl still lacks in-depth re-search,especially optical anisotropy.Herein,a systematic Raman spectroscopic study is performed on VOCl single-crystal with different incident laser polarization at various temperatures.The polarized-dependent Raman scattering spectra reveal that the Ag mode of VOCl show a 2-lobed shape in parallel polarization configuration while a 4-lobed shape in vertical configuration.In addition,the temperature-dependent and thickness-dependent Raman scattering spectra confirm a rela-tively weak van der Waals interaction between each layers among VOCl single crystal.These findings might provide better understanding on the in-plane anisotropic phenomenon in VOCl layers,thus will accelate further application of 2D single crystals for nanoscale angle-dependent optoelectronics.

Shape Anisotropy and Resonance Mode Guided Reliable Interconnect Design for In-plane Magnetic Logic

Dipole coupled nanomagnets controlled by the static Zeeman field can form various magnetic logic interconnects.However, the corner wire interconnect is often unreliable and error-prone at room temperature. In this study, we address this problem by making it into a reliable type with trapezoid-shaped nanomagnets, the shape anisotropy of which helps to offer the robustness. The building method of the proposed corner wire interconnect is discussed,and both its static and dynamic magnetization properties are investigated. Static micromagnetic simulation demonstrates that it can work correctly and reliably. Dynamic response results are reached by imposing an ac microwave field on the proposed corner wire. It is found that strong ferromagnetic resonance absorption appears at a low frequency. With the help of a very small ac field with the peak resonance frequency, the required static Zeeman field to switch the corner wire is significantly decreased by ~21 m T. This novel interconnect would pave the way for the realization of reliable and low power nanomagnetic logic circuits.

Electronic property and topological phase transition in a graphene/CoBr_(2) heterostructure

Recently,significant experimental advancements in achieving topological phases have been reported in van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures involving graphene.Here,using first-principles calculations,we investigate graphene/CoBr_(2)(Gr/CoBr_(2))heterostructures and find that an enhancement of in-plane magnetic anisotropy(IMA)energy in monolayer CoBr_(2) can be accomplished by reducing the interlayer distance of the vdW heterostructures.In addition,we clarify that the enhancement of IMA energy primarily results from two factors:one is the weakness of the Co-d_(xy) and Co-d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) orbital hybridization and the other is the augmentation of the Co-d_(yz) and Co-d_(z)2 orbital hybridization.Meanwhile,calculation results suggest that the Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition temperature(TKT)of a 2D XY magnet Gr/CoBr_(2)(23.8 K)is higher than that of a 2D XY monolayer CoBr_(2)(1.35 K).By decreasing the interlayer distances,the proximity effect is more pronounced and band splitting appears.Moreover,by taking into account spin–orbit coupling,a band gap of approximately 14.3 meV and the quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)are attained by decreasing the interlayer distance by 1.0 A.Inspired by the above conclusions,we design a topological field transistor device model.Our results support that the vdW interlayer distance can be used to modulate the IMA energy and QAHE of materials,providing a pathway for the development of new low-power spintronic devices.

Strong in-plane optical anisotropy in 2D van der Waals antiferromagnet VOCl

Two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)magnetic materials with strong in-plane anisotropy can make possible novel applications such as optospintronics and strain sensors.In this work,the strong in-plane optical anisotropy in 2D vdW antiferromagnet VOCl has been systematically investigated.The optical brightness and absorption coefficient exhibit evident periodic variation with the change of incident polarization,unveiling the strong in-plane anisotropic optical absorption.The Raman intensity in this material shows obvious dependence on the polarization angle of incident laser,demonstrating that the phonon properties possess strong in-plane anisotropy.Besides,we have also realized in-situ visualization of in-plane optical reflection anisotropy in this material.Moreover,the strong second harmonic generation(SHG)signal can only be detected when the incident polarization is along specific in-plane crystal orientations,illustrating the presence of strong in-plane nonlinear optical anisotropy.These findings will benefit the applications of VOCl in the field of polarization-dependent electronics and spintronics.

Anisotropic photoresponse of layered rhenium disulfide synaptic transistors

Layered ReS_(2) with direct bandgap and strong in-plane anisotropy shows great potential to develop high-performance angle-resolved photodetectors and optoelectronic devices.However,systematic characterizations of the angle-dependent photoresponse of ReS_(2) are still very limited.Here,we studied the anisotropic photoresponse of layered ReS_(2) phototransistors in depth.Angel-resolved Raman spectrum and field-effect mobility are tested to confirm the inconsistency between its electrical and optical anisotropies,which are along 120°and 90°,respectively.We further measured the angle-resolved photoresponse of a ReS_(2) transistor with 6 diagonally paired electrodes.The maximum photoresponsivity exceeds 0.515 A·W^(-1) along b-axis,which is around 3.8 times larger than that along the direction perpendicular to b axis,which is consistent with the optical anisotropic directions.The incident wavelength-and power-dependent photoresponse measurement along two anisotropic axes further demonstrates that b axis has stronger light-ReS_(2) interaction,which explains the anisotropic photoresponse.We also observed angle-dependent photoresistive switching behavior of the ReS_(2) transistor,which leads to the formation of angle-resolved phototransistor memory.It has simplified structure to create dynamic optoelectronic resistive random access memory controlled spatially through polarized light.This capability has great potential for real-time pattern recognition and photoconfiguration of artificial neural networks(ANN)in a wide spectral range of sensitivity provided by polarized light.

Near-zero Poisson's ratio and suppressed mechanical anisotropy in strained black phosphorene/SnSe van der Waals heterostructure:a first-principles study

Black phosphorene(BP)and its analogs have attracted intensive attention due to their unique puckered structures,anisotropic characteristics,and negative Poisson’s ratio.The van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures assembly by stacking different materials show novel physical properties,however,the parent materials do not possess.In this work,the first-principles calculations are performed to study the mechanical properties of the vdW heterostructure.Interestingly,a near-zero Poisson’s ratio ν_(zx)is found in BP/SnSe heterostructure.In addition,compared with the parent materials BP and SnSe with strong in-plane anisotropic mechanical properties,the BP/SnSe heterostructure shows strongly suppressed anisotropy.The results show that the vdW heterostructure has quite different mechanical properties compared with the parent materials,and provides new opportunities for the mechanical applications of the heterostructures.

In-Plane Elastic Properties of Stitched Plain Weave Composite Laminate

A representative volume element method and a novel mesomechanical-based polyline model are proposed to describe the misalignment of in-plane fibers induced by the insertion of stitch thread.A multi-scale mathematical model of in-plane elastic parameters for stitched composite laminate is established with ply-angle and stitch parameters as well as material parameters taken into account.Based on the fabrication of specimens and the verification of experimental platform,the superposition influences of stitch on structural anisotropy are revealed by the developed theoretical model.Results indicate that the stitch orientation can increase the structural anisotropy.The decreases of stitch pitch and spacing as well as the increase of thread diameter obviously reduce the elastic and shear moduli of laminates.Furthermore,the elastic and shear moduli as well as Poisson’s ratios show sinusoidal changes with a period of 90°as the ply-angle increases.The theoretical model not only analyzes the in-plane mechanical properties of stitched laminate with ply-angle,but also lays a foundation for the dynamic studies of stitched sandwich structures with ribs in the future.

Dense skyrmion crystal stabilized through interfacial exchange coupling:Role fo in-plane anisotropy

A Monte Carlo simulated-annealing algorithm was used to study the magnetic state in an in-plane helimagnet layer on triangular lattice that exchange couples to an underlayer with strong out-of-plane anisotropy.In the single helimagnet layer with in-plane anisotropy(K),the formation of labyrinth-like domains with local spin spirals,instead of parallel stripes,is favored,and these domains rapidly transform into dense skyrmion crystals with increasing interfacial exchange coupling(J'),equivalent to a virtual magnetic field,and finally evolve to an out-of-plane uniform state at large enough J'.Moreover,with increasing K,the skyrmion crystal state can vary from regular 6-nearest-neighboring circular skyrmion arrangement to irregular squeezed skyrmions with less than 6 nearest neighbors when the in-plane anisotropy energy is higher than the interfacial exchange energy as the skyrmion number is maximized.Finally,we demonstrated that the antiferromagnetic underlayer cannot induce skyrmions while the chirality inversion can be achieved on top of an out-of-plane magnetization underlayer with 180°domain walls,supporting the experimental findings in FeGe thin film.This compelling advantage offers a fertile playground for exploring emergent phenomena that arise from interfacing magnetic skyrmions with additional functionalities.

Anisotropic in-plane thermal conductivity for multi-layer WTe_(2)

Improving thermal transport between substrate and transistors has become a vital solution to the thermal challenge in nanoelectronics.Recently 2D WTe_(2) has sparked extensive interest because of heavy atomic mass and low Debye temperature.Here,the thermal transport of supported WTe_(2) was studied via Raman thermometry with electrical heating.The supported 30 nm WTe2 encased with 70 nm Al_(2)O_(3) delivered 4.8 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)in-plane thermal conductivity along zigzag direction at room temperature,which was almost 1.6 times larger than that along armchair direction(3.0 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)).Interestingly,the superior and inferior directions for thermal transport are just opposite of those for electrical transport.Hence,a heat manipulation model in WTe_(2) FET device was proposed.Within the designed configuration,waste heat in WTe_(2) would be mostly dissipated to metal contacts located along zigzag,relieving the local temperature discrepancy in the channel effectively and preventing degradation or breakdown.Our study provides new insight into thermal transport of anisotropic 2D materials,which might inspire energy-efficient nanodevices in the future.

Determination of the in-plane anisotropy field in hexagonal systems via rotational magnetization: Theoretical model and Monte Carlo simulations

The magnetic anisotropy field in thin films with in-plane uniaxial anisotropy can be deduced from the VSM magnetization curves measured in magnetic fields of constant magnitudes. This offers a new possibility of applying rotational magnetization curves to determine the firstand second-order anisotropy constant in these films. In this paper we report a theoretical derivation of rotational magnetization curve in hexagonal crystal system with easy-plane anisotropy based on the principle of the minimum total energy. This model is applied to calculate and analyze the rotational magnetization process for magnetic spherical particles with hexagonal easy-plane anisotropy when rotating the external magnetic field in the basal plane. The theoretical calculations are consistent with Monte Carlo simulation results. It is found that to well reproduce experimental curves, the effect of coercive force on the magnetization reversal process should be fully considered when the intensity of the external field is much weaker than that of the anisotropy field. Our research proves that the rotational magnetization curve from VSM measurement provides an effective access to analyze the in-plane anisotropy constant K3 in hexagonal compounds, and the suitable experimental condition to measure K3 is met when the ratio of the magnitude of the external field to that of the anisotropy field is around 0.2.

Preparation of in-plane anisotropy Ni_(80)Co_(20)/Bi multifilms

A series of Au/[NiCo/Bi]x/Au （x = 2, 3） films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition method. In order to induce the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy （IPUMA） of the multifilms, multiple layers and different oblique angles ranging from 0° to 30° for the substrate are applied during the deposition. The microstructures of the nanofilms were investigated by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electronic microscope （TEM）. And their magnetic properties were measured by an alternating gradient magnetometer. For the multicycle systems, using the method that with more periodic structures of NiCo/Bi film is easier for inducing IPUMA than the less or the samples located with various angles.

Giant in-plane optical anisotropy of a-plane ZnO on r-plane sapphire

We have measured the in-plane optical anisotropy （IPOA） of （1120） ZnO （a-plane） on （10]-2） sapphire （r-plane） by reflectance difference spectroscopy （RDS） at room temperature. Giant IPOA has been observed be- tween the light polarized direction parallel and perpendicular to the c axis of ZnO, since the symmetry of a-plane is C2v. A sharp resonance has been observed near the fundamental band gap, which is induced by the polarization- depend band gap shift. The sharp line shape is attributed to the exciton transition. The spectra fitting and differential spectra indicate the polarization-depend band energies. The giant IPOA is possible enhanced by anisotropy strain along and perpendicular to the c axis in the a-plane.

Boosting in-plane anisotropy by periodic phase engineering in two-dimensional VO_(2) single crystals

In-plane anisotropy(IPA)due to asymmetry in lattice structures provides an additional parameter for the precise tuning of characteristic polarization-dependent properties in two-dimensional(2D)materials,but the narrow range within which such method can modulate properties hinders significant development of related devices.Herein we present a novel periodic phase engineering strategy that can remarkably enhance the intrinsic IPA obtainable from minor variations in asymmetric structures.By introducing alternant monoclinic and rutile phases in 2D VO_(2)single crystals through the regulation of interfacial thermal strain,the IPA in electrical conductivity can be reversibly modulated in a range spanning two orders of magnitude,reaching an unprecedented IPA of 113.Such an intriguing local phase engineering in 2D materials can be well depicted and predicted by a theoretical model consisting of phase transformation,thermal expansion,and friction force at the interface,creating a frame-work applicable to other 2D materials.Ultimately,the considerable adjustability and reversibility of the presented strategy provide opportunities for future polarization-dependent photoelectric and optoelectronic devices.

In-plane Uniaxial Anisotropy and Magnetization Reversal Mechanism of FeCo Films by Strip Pattern

Strip-like Fe Co films were patterned by a traditional lithograph process from intrinsically isotropic continuous Fe Co films. The strip-patterned Fe Co film shows a strong in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with easy axis along the length direction of the strip. The angular dependences of remanence ratio, switching field, and coercivity indicate that the magnetization reversal mechanism of the strip-patterned Fe Co film is coherent rotation and domain wall depinning when the applied field is near the hard axis and easy axis, respectively. The consistency of the experimental hysteresis loops of the strip-patterned Fe Co film and calculated hysteresis loops with a simple in-plane uniaxial anisotropy model indicates that the strip-patterned Fe Co film behaves as a single domain. The absence of the domain wall and the strong in-plane anisotropy field make the strip-patterned Fe Co films have much potential for high-frequency application.

MICROWAVE PERMEABILITY SPECTRA OF SPUTTERED Fe-Co-B SOFT MAGNETIC THIN FILMS

Permeability characteristics of sputtered soft magnetic Fe40Co40B20 thin films are investigated in the range of O. 5 to 5 GHz by a shortened microstrip transmission line perturbation method. Excellent microwave permeability is achieved at 0.4 Pa argon pressure： fr is 3.32 GHz, the real and imaginary part of permeability at 0.5 GHz are 104 and 61, respectively. In addition, the thickness effect on permeability is also studied. The minimum damping can be achieved at the thinnest film. Different sources contributed to in-plane anisotropy are discussed briefly. The deviation between the peak frequency of the imaginary part and the zero-crossing frequency of the real part of permeability is also presented.

Mg-9Al-1Mn合金热轧板材组织与性能

研究了经单道次大应变热轧(LSR)和多道次小应变热轧(SSR)两种不同的轧制工艺下3mm的Mg-9Al-1Mn(AM91)挤压板的组织和性能。通过拉伸试验对两种工艺制备的板材的力学性能进行测定,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜以及背散射电子衍射(EBSD)分析等方法对两种工艺制备的板材的微观组织进行观察和分析。研究结果表明:相比于SSR轧制态板材,LSR轧态及退火态的板材组织都得到了细化,织构也都得到了弱化,塑性变形能力得到了明显的改善。经LSR轧态的板材的断裂延伸率(FE)为20.5%,屈服强度(YS)为193MPa,抗拉强度(UTS)为284MPa。LSR工艺可显著改善板材的各向异性,SSR板材退火后的各向异性值(IPA)为8.8%,LSR板材退火后的IPA为5.0%。

Anisotropic polaritons in van der Waals materials

Polaritons in two-dimensional(2D)materials continues to garner significant attention due to their favorable ability of field-confinement and intriguing potential for low-loss and ultrafast optical and photonic devices.The recent experimental observation of in-plane anisotropic dispersion in natural van der Waals materials has revealed much richer physics as compared to isotropic plasmonic materials,which provides new insight to manipulate the polaritons and manufacture flat optical devices with unprecedented controls.Herein,we give an overview of the recent progress in in-plane anisotropic polaritons launched and visualized in the near-field range in 2D layered van der Waals materials.Furthermore,future prospects in this promising but emerging field are featured on the basis of its peculiar applications.This review article will stimulate the scientific community to explore other hyperbolic materials and structures in order to develop optical technologies with novel functionalities and further improve the understanding of the exotic photonic phenomena.

Ab initio study of anisotropic mechanical and electronic properties of strained carbon-nitride nanosheet with interlayer bonding

Due to the noticeable structural similarity and being neighborhood in periodic table of group-IV and-V elemental monolayers,whether the combination of group-IV and-V elements could have stable nanosheet structures with optimistic properties has attracted great research interest.In this work,we performed first-principles simulations to investigate the elastic,vibrational and electronic properties of the carbon nitride(CN)nanosheet in the puckered honeycomb structure with covalent interlayer bonding.It has been demonstrated that the structural stability of CN nanosheet is essentially maintained by the strong interlayerσbonding between adjacent carbon atoms in the opposite atomic layers.A negative Poisson’s ratio in the out-of-plane direction under biaxial deformation,and the extreme in-plane stiffness of CN nanosheet,only slightly inferior to the monolayer graphene,are revealed.Moreover,the highly anisotropic mechanical and electronic response of CN nanosheet to tensile strain have been explored.