Development review and the prospect of oil shale in-situ catalysis conversion technology

As an unconventional resource, oil shale possesses abundant reserves and significant potential for industrial applications. The rational and efficient development of oil shale resources holds immense importance in reducing national energy demand. In-situ catalytic technology, characterized by its high efficiency, low pollution, and minimal energy consumption, represents a key direction for future oil shale development. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress in in-situ oil shale mining technology, oil shale pyrolysis catalysts, the pyrolysis mechanism of kerogen, and the compatibility of different heating processes and catalysts. Furthermore, the paper proposes future research directions and prospects for oil shale in-situ catalytic technology, including reservoir modification, highefficiency catalyst synthesis, injection processes, and high-efficiency heating technology. These insights serve as valuable technical references for the advancement of oil shale in-situ catalytic technology.

Technical development of operational in-situ marine monitoring and research on its key generic technologies in China

In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment,prevention and mitigation of disaster,exploitation of marine resources,marine environmental protection,and management of transportation safety.In this paper,we summarise the composition,development courses,and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring,namely coastal marine automated network station,ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system.Additionally,we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.

Application and implications of polyethylene glycol-fusion as a novel technology to repair injured spinal cords

Conventional vs. polyethylene glycol （PEG）-fusion tech- nologies to repair severed spinal axons： Most spinal cord injuries （SCIs） involve cutor crush-severance of spinal tract axons in the central nervous system （CNS）. Clinical out- comes after CNS axonal severance is very poor because proximal segments of CNS axons lack a suitable environment for outgrowth （Kakulas, 1999; Fitch and Silver, 2008; Rowland et al., 2008; Kwon et al., 2010） and therefore do not naturally regenerate （Ramon y Caial, 1928）. Current strategies to try to increase behavioral recovery after SCI are focused on en- hancing the environment for axonal outgrowth.

Application of multi-planar reconstruction technique in endovascular repair of aortic dissection

BACKGROUND Endovascular repair of aortic dissection is an effective method commonly used in the treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissection.Stent placement during the operation was one-time and could not be repeatedly adjusted during the operation.Therefore,it is of great significance for cardiovascular physicians to fully understand the branch status,position,angle,and other information regarding aortic arch dissection before surgery.AIM To provide more references for clinical cardiovascular physicians to develop treatment plans.METHODS Data from 153 patients who underwent endovascular repair of aortic dissection at our hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected.All patients underwent multi-slice spiral computed tomography angiography.Based on distinct post-image processing techniques,the patients were categorized into three groups:Multiplanar reconstruction(MPR)(n=55),volume reconstruction(VR)(n=46),and maximum intensity projection(MIP)(n=52).The detection rate of aortic rupture,accuracy of the DeBakey classification,rotation,and tilt angles of the C-arm during the procedure,dispersion after stent release,and the incidence of late complications were recorded and compared.RESULTS The detection rates of interlayer rupture in the MPR and VR groups were significantly higher than that in the MIP group(P<0.05).The detection rates of De-Bakey subtypesⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢin the MPR group were higher than those in the MIP group,and the detection rate of typeⅢin the MPR group was significantly higher than that in the VR group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of typesⅠandⅡcompared to the VR group(P>0.05).The scatter rate of markers and the incidence of complications in the MPR group were significantly lower than those in the VR and MIP groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The application of MPR in the endovascular repair of aortic dissection has improved the detection rate of dissection rupture,the accuracy of anatomical classification,and safety.

Properties of n-Ge epilayer on Si substrate with in-situ doping technology

The properties of n-Ge epilayer deposited on Si substrate with in-situ doping technology in a cold-wall ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition（UHVCVD） system are investigated.The growth temperature of 500℃ is optimal for the n-Ge growth in our equipment with a phosphorus concentration of 1018cm-3.In the n-Ge epilayer,the depth profile of phosphorus concentration is box-shaped and the tensile strain of 0.12% confirmed by x-ray diffraction measurement is introduced which results in the red shift of the photoluminescence.The enhancements of photoluminescence intensity with the increase of the doping concentration are observed,which is consistent with the modeling of the spontaneous emission spectrum for direct transition of Ge.The results are of significance for guiding the growth of n-Ge epilayer with in-situ doping technology.

Design of wear-out-failure in-situ repair parts by environment-friendly nanocopper additive

Oleic acid surface-modified Cu nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm were prepared by liquid phase reducing reaction. The tribological performance and mechanism of nanocopper as additive were studied by means of tribotester, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and nanoindentation instrument. The results indicate that the modified nanocopper additive can significantly improve the wear resistance and reduce friction coefficient of base oil. A copper protective film is formed and contributes to the excellent tribological properties of nanocopper additive. On the basis of the film forming mechanism, a new in-situ repair method was designed and used to repair wear-out-failure injection pump plunger and barrel. Furthermore, the current research progress of nanoparticles as green energy-saving lubricating oil additives were presented.

Study on Soil Remediation Technology of Cadmium Contaminated Site

This paper focuses on the status quo of heavy metal cadmium pollution sites, analyzes and summarizes the physical, chemical and bioremediation technologies of cadmium contaminated soil, and carefully analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each repair technology. It pointed out the need to develop scientific, efficient and comprehensive restoration management techniques.

变电站铅酸电池的失效及综合修复

铅酸电池是直流(DC)系统的重要储能设备,对变电站的安全稳定运行至关重要。站用铅酸电池寿命普遍低于理论寿命,大量电池的提前失效给电网企业带来巨大的经济和环境压力。针对变电站铅酸电池的特殊运行环境,对失效电池复杂的失效模式进行分析。采用化学和物理相结合的技术手段,针对性地选择合适的活化剂,同时使用“大电流-恒流-恒压”的充电方式,达到修复活化失效铅酸电池的目的,修复后的铅酸电池容量可达额定容量的80%以上。

中医外科技术结合长皮膏在术后创面修复中的临床应用

目的观察中医外科技术结合长皮膏方案在术后创面修复中的临床疗效。方法回顾性收集临床术后创面病例65例,采用中医外科技术结合长皮膏的综合治疗方案,自身前后对照,观察临床效果。结果术后创面65例,其中肿瘤术后33例(口腔颌面肿瘤术后18例,乳腺肿瘤术后10例,阴部肿瘤术后3例,肺癌术后病例2例),跟腱断裂术后6例,心脏搭桥术后6例,下肢内固定取出术后3例,皮脂腺囊肿切排术后4例,肛旁脓肿术后3例,血管瘤切除术后2例,植皮术后5例,剖腹产术后3例。结果治愈62例,无效3例,无效病例中1例骨髓炎,2例肿瘤复发转移。治愈患者愈合时间最短6 d,最长时间184 d。结论中医外科技术结合长皮膏在术后创面修复中的临床疗效明显,能促进术后创面修复,避免再次手术。

30Cr13钢叶轮轴激光熔覆修复材料与修复工艺

针对受损30Cr13钢叶轮轴的修复问题,对30Cr13钢叶轮轴开展不同修复材料下的激光熔覆修复可行性研究。测量母材腐蚀磨损情况,选择修复材料,形成修复工艺,并对修复效果进行校核。结果表明,修复后的叶轮轴各项主要性能均满足技术指标要求。采用激光熔覆技术可有效延长30Cr13钢叶轮轴的使用寿命,降低生产成本。

双芯微胶囊法自修复混凝土冻融试验研究

寒区水工混凝土长时间遭受冻融破坏和水流冲刷会形成联合破坏,修复难度较大、成本高、效果不理想,最终影响工程安全运行,而微胶囊自修复技术可实现混凝土自我修复。通过以E51型环氧树脂为内芯材,以固化剂PETMA为外芯材,以尿素和甲醛制备的脲醛树脂为壁材,采用原位聚合法制备出双芯微胶囊,研究结果表明:双芯微胶囊呈球状,粒径分布在40μm左右,表面饱满圆润,芯材含量为24.3%,包覆率为48.6%,热稳定性较好;混凝土在掺入双芯微胶囊后,在受到冻融破坏时能及时破裂,并释放出修复剂和固化剂对混凝土进行修复,混凝土抗冻等级也有效提高,最大可提高38.5%;双芯微胶囊掺量阈值为3%,掺量超过阈值后,修复效果会减弱。

生物支架材料及打印技术修复骨缺损

背景:近年来随着生物支架材料和生物打印技术的发展,组织工程骨成为了骨缺损修复的研究热点。目的:简述当前骨缺损的治疗方式,总结制备组织工程骨支架的生物材料及生物打印技术,探讨生物材料和打印技术在组织工程中的应用及目前面临的挑战。方法:以“bone defect,tissue engineering,biomaterials,3D printing technology,4D printing technology,bioprinting,biological scaffold,bone repair”或“骨缺损,组织工程,生物材料,3D打印技术,4D打印技术,生物打印,生物支架,骨修复”等作为检索词,应用计算机在中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science数据库检索2009-01-01/2022-12-01发表的相关文献,最后经第一作者筛除并追加收录优质参考文献,共纳入93篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:骨缺损的治疗方式主要有骨移植、膜引导再生技术、基因治疗、骨组织工程技术等,最佳的治疗方式仍没有定论。骨组织工程技术是治疗骨缺损的新兴技术,通过构建能促进成骨细胞增殖分化及增强骨形成能力的三维结构,成为当前研究的重点热点技术。生物支架材料多种多样,各具特点,有利有弊,单一的生物材料无法满足组织工程骨对支架的需求,通常将多种材料复合互补使支架在满足力学性能需求的同时兼顾生物性能。生物打印技术能对支架的孔隙进行调节、构建复杂的空间结构,更利于细胞的黏附增殖和分化。新兴的4D打印技术引入“时间”作为第四维度,使制备的支架具有动态性,随着智能材料的同步发展,4D打印技术为未来骨缺损高效修复提供了可能。

88.9mm套管电缆传输燃气动力补贴技术研究及应用

在油田开发的中后期油气田增产作业过程中,由于地质因素等造成油气井套管损坏,套管损坏制约着油气井正常生产,甚至可能导致井筒溢流等严重后果,及时有效地封堵加固受损套管,是保证油气井正常生产的重要技术手段。研究并设计了88.9 mm(3.5″)套管电缆传输燃气动力补贴工具。介绍了燃气动力补贴工具的原理和技术特点,借助有限元模拟对膨胀锥和锚定结构及工具参数进行了优化设计,并完成了地面试验和该技术及工艺的现场应用,补贴后全井筒试压50 MPa,稳压10min,压降0.7 MPa。现场应用表明:该工具设计合理,首次使用电缆传输便取得了成功。

退化草地改良工艺与装备发展综述

中国有90%以上的草地处于退化或正在退化状态,严重影响畜牧业和生态环境的可持续发展,退化草地改良十分关键。目前,草地改良技术相关科学研究、草地改良生产实践、草地改良机械研发等与实际存在一定的脱节现象,限制了中国草地改良的整体推进。针对以上问题,该研究对24种目前常见的草地改良技术进行总结,归纳了改良技术特点及适用条件。对草地改良技术进行系统分析,建立草地改良技术分类框架,形成草地综合改良工艺流程。在所建立的4类草地改良原理框架下,分析了相应改良技术作业工艺及相关作业机械的特点,并指出相关作业机械和设备的研发方向。基于目前草地退化还未彻底遏制的现状,未来草地保护和退化草地的机械化改良应重点开展以下工作:1)加强草地保护,增加草地退化预防环节,坚持走用草养地相结合的道路。2)草地改良工艺方面,在现有免耕直播改良工艺基础上重组和优化改良工艺,研发和推广复式改良机械。3)在草地机械化改良技术方面,应强化基础研究,弥补现有改良机械的技术短板,充分发挥特色技术优势。4)在草地保护和改良政策方面,应加强政策支持和对基层的技术指导,提高基层对草地保护和草地改良的积极性。该研究可为退化草地改良工艺方案制定、相关作业机械选择、相关政策制定等提供参考,为草地改良机械设备的研发提供借鉴。

沉浸式虚拟现实技术结合早期康复训练对肩袖损伤术后患者的临床疗效评价

目的:观察沉浸式虚拟现实技术(VR)结合早期康复训练对肩袖损伤术后患者早中期康复治疗的效果。方法:选取2023年4月至2023年11月期间在温州医科大学附属第二医院进行首次肩袖修补术且符合纳入标准的45例患者为研究对象,用随机数字表法分为实验组22例和对照组23例。术后0~2周,两组均行常规被动康复训练;术后2~6周,对照组采用早期康复训练,实验组在早期康复的基础上,予以沉浸式虚拟现实系统进行上肢运动功能训练。分别在治疗前、治疗4周后评估两组疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)肩关节评分、肩关节主被动前屈和贴臂外旋活动度、患侧冈上肌横截面积(CSA)。结果:研究过程中部分病例脱落予以剔除(实验组1例,对照组2例),两组各完成21例,纳入最终疗效分析。治疗后,两组患者VAS评分降低,UCLA评分增高,主被动前屈活动度和患侧冈上肌CSA均较治疗前增加,实验组主被动贴臂外旋角度较治疗前增加,且实验组各项指标均较对照组明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组主被动贴臂外旋角度较治疗前无显著增加(P>0.05),两组患者冈上肌CSA与UCLA肩关节评分呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论:沉浸式VR结合早期康复治疗能有效减轻患者的疼痛,提高肩关节活动度,改善患者功能活动,并促进冈上肌肌腱的修复。

BIM5D技术在浦口火车站修缮工程项目管理中的应用

随着社会的发展,对文保建筑的修缮改造越来越被人们所重视,随着科学技术的进步,在南京市浦口火车站的修缮中运用了BIM5D技术。BIM5D技术具有可视化、一体化和参数化等优点,该技术在3D模型的基础上加上进度要素和成本要素,将施工流水线与模型构件相关联,与设计好的进度计划相关联,进行施工动态模拟,再结合原材料、人工计价清单与成本、合同预算展现出5D维度,将静态的数据转化为动态的5维模型。BIM5D技术不仅可以优化修复技巧和提高工作效率,而且能实时管控项目进度,是一种比较先进的项目管理技术,相较与传统项目管理技术具有较大优势,对文保建筑修缮改造工程管理提供有效的帮助。

喉返神经损伤修复的研究进展

检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库中有关喉返神经损伤(RLNI)在甲状腺手术中的研究。关键词包括喉返神经修复、注射喉成形术、Ⅰ型甲状腺成形术、杓状软骨内收术、神经组织工程技术等。总结和比较目前RLNI的常见治疗方法。结果显示,喉返神经直接缝合是目前修复的首选术式,颈袢-喉返神经吻合术最常用于临床,其他修复方式各有其优、缺点。大多数治疗方法可在一定程度上获得不同的效果,但仍存在需进一步克服的缺点。此外神经组织工程技术及中医康复治疗值得进一步探索关注。

陆海统筹背景下海洋环境污染生态修复治理研究

海洋生态环境治理易受气候、水质质量、微生物种群等问题的影响,且海洋污染物种类较多,导致海洋生态修复难度较大。为此,提出陆海统筹背景下新的海洋环境污染生态修复治理方法。根据上海市海洋污染现状,采用微生物修复方法、水生动物修复方法以及水生植物修复方法,实现海洋污染修复。确定实验材料和实验仪器,通过计算修复后的海洋水质因子,得知海洋水质得到明显改善,海洋污染程度为清洁,浮游植物丰度与生物量、最终生态修复效果评分较高,验证了陆海统筹背景下海洋环境污染生态修复治理研究的有效性。

经导管缘对缘修复术治疗三尖瓣反流的现状和挑战

三尖瓣反流(tricuspid regurgitation,TR)是一种常见而严重的心脏瓣膜疾病,既往常被忽略。近年来,随着对三尖瓣疾病的认识和研究的深入,目前已开发了多种经导管介入技术治疗三尖瓣反流,其中尤以经导管缘对缘修复术治疗三尖瓣反流(tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair,T-TEER)应用最多、证据相对充分、器械进展较快。其相关器械包括Mitra Clip/TriC lip系统、PASCAL/PASCAl Ace系统以及Dragonfly/Dragonfly-T系统等。尽管如此,由于三尖瓣特殊的解剖特点以及TR特殊的病理机制,T-TEER仍面临挑战。本文就T-TEER在国内外的发展现状以及面对的挑战作一综述,以期为T-TEER的应用推广及技术突破提供参考。

公路路面裂缝处治及小修保养技术创新与应用研究

为了解决日益突出的公路路面裂缝维修和保养问题,本文对公路路面裂缝的修补与小修保养技术创新及其应用进行了研究。通过对当前公路维修技术的深度解析,探讨并引入新的技术创新方法,包括高效的裂缝检测技术、自修复混凝土以及机器人维修技术等。研究结果表明,这些技术创新方法不仅提高了修补效率,而且大大延长了公路使用寿命。此外,还讨论了技术创新在公路修补和保养工作中的实际应用,以及如何推广这些新技术。