Magnetic core-shell microparticles for oil removing with thermal driving regeneration property

Here, we report the construction of magnetic core-shell microparticles for oil removal with thermal driving regeneration property. Water-in-oil-in water (W/O/W) emulsions from microfluidics are used as templates to prepare core-shell microparticles with magnetic holed poly (ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate) (PETPTA) shells each containing a thermal-sensitive poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) core. The microparticles could adsorb oil from water due to the special structure and be collected with a magnetic field. Then, the oil-filled microparticles would be regenerated by thermal stimulus, in which the inner PNIPAM microgels work as thermal-sensitive pistons to force out the adsorbed oil. At the same time, the adsorbed oil would be recycled by distillation. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of the microparticles for oil keeps very stable after 1st cycle. The adsorption and regeneration performances of the microparticles are greatly affected by the size of the holes on the outer PETPTA shells, which could be precisely controlled by regulating the interfacial forces in W/O/W emulsion templates. The optimized core-shell microparticles show excellent oil adsorption and thermal driving regeneration performances nearly without secondary pollution, and would be a reliable green adsorption material for kinds of oil.

Effect of Thermal Regeneration on the Breakthrough Performance of Ceramsite Saturated with Methylene Blue

The regeneration of a spent packing is crucial with respect to the development of circular economy and abstemious society.Thus,the effects of regeneration temperature,resistant time,heating rate,and regeneration cycle on the breakthrough performance of methylene blue(MB)dye⁃exhausted ceramsite in a two⁃stage fixed⁃bed column were studied in this work.Results illustrate that the ceramsite exhibited excellent potential regeneration properties under the following optimal regeneration conditions:treatment temperature was 600°C,resistant time was 15 min,heating rate was 20℃/min,regeneration cycle was over 9 cycles,and the breakthrough time,saturation time,regeneration efficiency(RE),and regeneration loss rate(RLR)were 540 min,1020 min,64.61%,and 17.73%,respectively.The RE declined by 35.14%in over 1 cycle,while the RLR increased by 3.15 times in over 9 cycles.Besides,Thomas model was suitable to describe the two⁃stage fixed⁃bed column adsorption and thermal regeneration process with R2=0.978.In conclusion,a thorough understanding of the regeneration behavior of the two⁃stage fixed⁃bed column packed with ceramsite provides reference to obtain an effective and feasible regeneration approach,and it is beneficial for further application in water treatment.

Jonzac Thermal Spring Water Reinforces Skin Barrier Function of Human Skin and Presents a Soothing and Regenerating Effect

The skin is a formidable physical and biological barrier which communicates continuously with the outside of the body. And the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of human epidermis, plays a central role in the interaction between the cutaneous tissue and the external environment. The horny layer, and more generally the whole skin layers, avoid the penetration of harmful exogenous agents, produce molecules named anti-microbial peptides which impact the composition of the cutaneous microbiota, regulate the internal corporal temperature, avoid the water loss from the inside of the body and constitute an incredible efficient anti-oxidant network. Nevertheless, nowadays, the skin is more and more solicited by the different elements of the cutaneous exposome, including atmospheric pollution and solar radiations, which can cause a dramatic acceleration of the skin ageing process. As a consequence, due to the multifunctional protective role of the skin, during the recent decade the cosmetic industry invested massively in the development of new raw materials and end-products (dermo-cosmetics) able to preserve an optimal state of the skin regarding the external environment. Based on their physical-chemical properties thermal spring waters, which are extremely rich in inorganics ions, are interesting and powerful candidates to be part, as integral component, of new efficient dermo-cosmetic formulations dedicated to protect the skin from the external stimuli. The aim of the present work was to investigate and characterize the activity of Jonzac thermal spring water on the skin. Using different models, we proved for the first time that Jonzac thermal spring water reinforces the barrier function of the skin by modulating the expression of key markers including filaggrin and human beta defensin 2 on ex vivo human skin. The ex vivo and in vivo hydration activity, by Raman spectroscopy and corneometry respectively, has been also demonstrated. We have also shown that Jonzac thermal spring water ameliorates significantly the cutaneous microrelief in vivo. To conclude, we characterize the soothing effect of Jonzac thermal spring water by the analysis of histamine release in Substance P treated skin explants and by measuring the redness of the skin following UV exposure of the skin in vivo. We observed that both parameters decreased following a preventive treatment of the skin with Jonzac thermal spring water. Taken together our results indicate that Jonzac thermal spring water is a promising and powerful dermo-cosmetic which can be used to preserve an optimal state of the cutaneous tissue.

Enhanced thermal and electrical properties of poly (D,L-lactide)/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites by in-situ polymerization

Biodegradable poly （D,L-lactide） （PLA）/carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes （c-MWCNTs） composites were achieved via in-situ polymerization. These as-prepared composite materials were characterized with FT-IR, XRD, TG, DSC, SEM, and high insulation resistance meter. The results demonstrate that the multi-walled carbon nanotube was carboxyl functionalized, which improved the collection between c-MWCNTs and PLA, and further realized the graft copolymerization of c-MWCNTs and PLA. There is a higher glass transition temperature and a lower pyrolysis temperature of PLA/c-MWCNTs composites than pure PLA. The c-MWCNTs gave a better dispersion than unmodified MWCNTs in the PLA matrix, and an even coating of PLA on the surface of c-MWCNTs was obtained, which increased the interfacial interaction. High insulation resistance analysis showed that the addition of c-MWCNTs increased the electric conductivity, and c-MWCNTs performed against the large dielectric coefficient and electrostatic state of PLA. These results demonstrated that c-MWCNTs modified PLA composites were beneficial for potential application in the development of heat-resisting and conductivity plastic engineering.

Thermal and saline tolerance of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba under controlled in-situ aquarium conditions

As a key species of the Southern Ocean ecosystem,the thermal and saline tolerances of Antarctic krill(Euphausia superb a Dana)are relatively unknown because of the challenging environment and complicated situations needed for observation have inhibited in-situ experiments in the field.Hence,the thermal and saline tolerance of krill were examined under in-situ aquarium conditions with different controlled scenarios.According to the experiments,the critical lethal times of krill were 24h,2h and 0.5h under 9℃,12℃,and 15℃,respectively,and the estimated 50%lethal times were about 17.1 h and 1.7 h under 12℃and 15℃,respectively.Additionally,the critical lethal times(the estimated 50%lethal times)of krill were approximately 14h and 0.5h(about 22.9 h and 1.7 h)of salinity under 19.7 and 15.9,respectively.The observed critical and 50%lethal times of krill were 0.5 h and approximately 1.4 h,respectively,salinity under 55.2.The critical and 50%lethal temperatures of krill were 13℃and approximately 14.2℃,respectively.Additionally,the critical and 50%lethal salinity was 19.6 and approximately 17.5 for the lower saline(below normal oceanic salinity[34.4])environment and 50.3 and approximately 53.2 for the higher saline(above 34.4)environment,respectively.The upper thermal and saline preferences of krill can be considered 6℃and 26.8 to 41.2,respectively.These results can provide potential scenarios for predicting the possible fate of this key species in the Southern Ocean.

Perturbation Solutions for Thermal Process of Honeycomb Regenerator

A parameter perturbation for the unsteady-state heat-transfer characteristics of honeycomb regenerator is presented. It is limited to the cases where the storage matrix has a small wall thickness so that no temperature variation in the matrix perpendicular to the flow direction is considered. Starting from a two-phase transient thermal model for the gas and storage matrix, an approximate solution for regenerator heat transfer process is derived using the multiple-scale method for the limiting case where the longitudinal heat conduction of solid matrix is far less than the convective heat transfer between the gas and the solid. The regenerator temperature profiles are expressed as Taylor series of the coefficient of solid heat conduction item in the model. The analytical validity is shown by comparing the perturbation solution with the experiment and the numerical solution. The results show that it is possible for the perturbation to improve the effectiveness and economics of thermal research on regenerators.

Construction and mechanism analysis on nanoscale thermal cloak by in-situ annealing silicon carbide film

In recent years,there is a strong interest in thermal cloaking at the nanoscale,which has been achieved by using graphene and crystalline silicon films to build the nanoscale thermal cloak according to the classical macroscopic thermal cloak model.Silicon carbide,as a representative of the third-generation semiconductor material,has splendid properties,such as the high thermal conductivity and the high wear resistance.Therefore,in the present study,we build a nanoscale thermal cloak based on silicon carbide.The cloaking performance and the perturbation of the functional area to the external temperature filed are analyzed by the ratio of thermal cloaking and the response temperature,respectively.It is demonstrated that silicon carbide can also be used to build the nanoscale thermal cloak.Besides,we explore the influence of inner and outer radius on cloaking performance.Finally,the potential mechanism of the designed nanoscale thermal cloak is investigated by calculating and analyzing the phonon density of states(PDOS)and mode participation rate(MPR)within the structure.We find that the main reason for the decrease in the thermal conductivity of the functional area is phonon localization.This study extends the preparation method of nanoscale thermal cloaks and can provide a reference for the development of other nanoscale devices.

P-Type Nitrogen-Doped ZnO Films Prepared by In-Situ Thermal Oxidation of Zn_3N_2 Films

P-type nitrogen-doped ZnO films are prepared successfully by in-situ thermal oxidation of Zn3N2 films. The prepared films are characterized by x-ray diffraction, non-Rutherford back.scattering （non-RBS） spectroscopy, x- ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectrum. The results show that the Zn3N1 films start to transform to ZnO at 400℃ and the total nitrogen content decreases with the increasing annealing temperature. The p-type fihns are achieved at 500℃ with a low resistivity of 6.33Ω.cm and a high hole concentration of ＋8.82 × 10^17 cm-3, as well as a low level of carbon contamination, indicating that the substitutional nitrogen （No） is an effective acceptor in the ZnO：N film. The photoluminescence spectra show clear UV emissions and also indicate the presence of oxygen vacancy （Vo） defects in the ZnO：N films. The p-type doping mechanism is briefly discussed.

IN-SITU OBSERVATION OF THERMAL FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN STEEL 3Cr2W8V

The growing process of thermal fatigue cracking,in steel 3Cr2WSV was observed under desk SEM fitted with sell-made minisized device for thermal faligue test.Before the growing of thermal fatigue crack,the main crack tip reveals to blunt firstly,and some holes and uncontinuous microcraeks occur in front of it.The growth is developed by bridging of main crack together with holes and microcracks.

Investigation on Thermal and Dimensional Stability of Epoxy Resin In-Situ Modified by Cyanate Ester Resin and Polydimethylsiloxane

The thermal and dimensional stability of epoxy resin(EP)in-situ modified by cyanate ester(CE)and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)are investigated by means of experiments and numerical simulation.Thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA)and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)are used to analyze the heat resistance of the modified EP.The dimensional stability is characterized by the volume shrinkage of the series PDMS/CE/EP obtained by the density method.The chemical structure of the PDMS/CE/EP is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The results of TGA and DSC indicate that the thermal stability of PDMS/CE/EP decreases firstly and then increases with the increase in the amount of CE.The addition of PDMS shows a slight effect on the thermal stability.The 40%CE makes the blending system exhibit the lowest initial decomposition temperature,which reduces by 15.5%and 40.8%compared with pure EP and CE,respectively.The FTIR results suggested that the influence of CE on the thermal stability of the modified EP is mainly ascribed to the generation of oxazolidinone ring with low thermal stability and the increase in the triazine ring with high thermal stability.The volume shrinkage measurement results show that the introduction of CE and PDMS are both beneficial to the improvement of the dimensional stability of the blending systems.The in-situ addition of 80%CE shows the lowest volume shrinkage of6.11%.The thermal stress distribution of PDMS/CE/EP generated during the solidification process is simulated by the finite element analysis.The results suggested that the introduction of 80%CE into EP results in the lowest thermal stress in the blending system,which indicates that the system has the lowest volume shrinkage,which agrees well with the experimental results.

Experimental investigation on the effective thermal conductivities of different hydrate-bearing sediments

The natural gas hydrate has been regarded as an important future green energy.Significant progress on the hydrate exploitation has been made,but some challenges are still remaining.In order to enhance the hydrate exploitation efficiency,a significant understanding of the effective thermal conductivity(ETC)of the hydrate-bearing sediment has become essential,since it directly controls the heat and mass transfer behaviors,and thereby determines the stability of hydrate reservoir and production rate.In this study,the effective thermal conductivities of various hydrate-bearing sediments were in-situ measured and studied.The impacts of temperature,particle size and type of sediment were investigated.The effective thermal conductivities of the quartz sand sediments before and after hydrate formation were in-situ measured.The results show the weak negative correlation of effective thermal conductivity of the quartz sand sediment on the temperature before and after the hydrate formation.The effective thermal conductivity of the hydrate-bearing sediment decreases with the increase of particle size of the sediment.The dominant effect of the type of porous medium on the characteristics of the effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediment was highlighted.The results indicate that both the effective thermal conductivities of hydrate-bearing quartz sand sediment and hydrate-bearing silicon carbide sediment are weakly negatively correlated with temperature,but the effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing clay sediment is weakly positively dependent on the temperature.In addition,the values of the effective thermal conductivities of various hydrate-bearing sediments are in the order of hydrate-bearing silicon carbide sediment>hydrate-bearing quartz sand sediment>hydrate-bearing clay sediment.These findings could suggest that the intrinsic thermal conductivity of porous medium could control the characteristics of effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediment.

复合改性沥青高模量热再生混合料性能研究

通过添加大比例布敦岩沥青(BRA)和苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物(SBR)改性沥青,实现热再生沥青混合料综合路用性能、动态回弹模量和抗疲劳性能的提高,基于室内试验和试验段铺筑经验,验证BRA热再生高模量沥青混合料的技术可行性。结果表明:使用3%SBR改性沥青和添加2%~8%BRA可使热再生沥青混合料的车辙试验动稳定度不小于5 000次/mm,且加载60分钟后的车辙变形量不大于2.0 mm,低温弯曲破坏应变不小于2 800με;推荐复配方案的热再生沥青混合料满足高模量沥青混合料技术指标要求。

磷酸三丁酯脱色活性炭热解再生研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)脱色后的粉末废活性炭(WAC)为材料,利用高温热解的方法,以亚甲基蓝吸附量和碘值为评价指标,研究了再生温度、再生时间、再生次数对废活性炭再生效果的影响。实验结果表明,WAC的再生最优条件为500℃下再生90 min,再生4次仍能恢复其82%的亚甲基蓝吸附性能及67%的碘吸附性能。通过同步热分析仪(TG-DSC)测定活性炭的失重、吸热和放热情况;借助比表面积及孔径分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试手段对再生前后的活性炭进行表征,从而验证其再生效果。对废活性炭的热解机理进行了综合分析,为湿法磷酸净化工艺流程中磷酸三丁酯脱色活性炭的热解再生提供了理论指导。

火电厂再生水中的微生物对管道的腐蚀行为研究

为探究火电厂以再生水为水源时供水管道的微生物腐蚀行为,采用环状生物膜挂片反应器,动态模拟了再生水管道运行状况,通过测定溶液pH值、电导率,试片失重,电化学参数(如氧化还原电位、极化曲线、交流阻抗)、细菌数量并结合SEM、EDS、XRD等手段研究了铁细菌(IOB)、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)及这2种混合菌对Q235钢腐蚀的影响过程和机理。结果表明,2种细菌数量随时间的延长而增长,再生水的pH值先降后升、电导率则稳步增长,环境中的细菌数与此时管材的腐蚀速率呈正相关性,SRB是影响微生物腐蚀的主要菌种;通过EDS和XRD分析发现不同环境下的腐蚀产物主要成分:IOB时腐蚀产物以FeOOH为主,存在少量Fe_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(3)O_(4);SRB时腐蚀产物主要为氧化铁和硫化铁;而SRB+IOB共存时主要腐蚀产物为Fe_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(3)O_(4)和FeS;同时管道前期表面产生的微生物膜和腐蚀产物会抑制Q235的腐蚀,后期微生物膜失活、覆盖的腐蚀产物脱落,又会使腐蚀加速。

废生物活性炭制备粉末炭的热再生效能

为实现水厂废生物活性炭资源化利用,本文将废生物活性炭研磨成粉末炭,探讨热再生温度对粉末炭理化性质的影响,观测再生粉末炭对水中典型有机污染物的去除效能。结果表明:粉末炭的热解经历了水分子脱附(35~105℃)、易挥发有机物脱附(105~400℃)和沸点较高有机物热解(400~735℃)3个过程;热再生能够显著恢复粉末炭的孔隙结构,碘值、亚甲基蓝值的恢复率分别达到83.1%、75.9%,并且恢复率随着再生温度升高逐渐升高;热再生会导致粉末炭的酸性官能团含量减少,碱性官能团含量增加,而表面氧元素含量随着再生温度升高先增加后降低;热再生降低了粉末炭水溶性有机物浸出;通过热再生能够显著提升粉末炭对原水中典型有机污染物的控制效果,有机污染物去除率提高了7.7%~35.9%。

纳米CaCO_(3)与碳粉低热固固耦合原位制备纳米CaO和CO

高温条件下固相CaO可直接与CO_(2)反应生成CaCO_(3),CO_(2)捕集率达78.57%(质量分数),是解决碳排放的高效手段。钙循环技术中如何降低CaCO_(3)分解温度、CaO再生和CO_(2)利用是关键问题。研究通过纳米CaCO_(3)和碳粉的低热固固耦合反应同时实现纳米CaO再生和CO_(2)原位转化为CO,使纳米CaCO_(3)分解温度下降46℃,分解速率提高约50%,再生的多孔纳米CaO粒径小而均匀,可再次捕集CO_(2)实现钙循环利用,由CO_(2)转化的CO可应用于工业合成气。纳米CaCO_(3)和碳粉具有原料来源广泛、价格低廉、安全性高、运输便捷等优点,该低热固固耦合反应在低成本前提下具有提高CO_(2)捕集和利用效率的潜力。

再生催化裂化催化剂结构及性能

采用固定床装置制备了2种碳质量分数分别为0.25%,0.04%的再生催化裂化催化剂,利用X射线衍射仪、物理吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜等对催化剂进行表征,考察了再生过程对催化剂结构的影响,并对再生催化剂的性能进行评价。结果表明:再生过程不会影响催化剂中分子筛结构;催化剂失活的主要原因是焦炭堵塞孔道,覆盖了弱酸性活性位点,再生过程除去焦炭后,催化剂活性得到恢复;催化剂碳质量分数越低,原料油转化率越高,热裂化指数越低;再生催化剂上原料油转化率最高可达83.68%,热裂化指数仅为0.19。

蓄热式废气氧化炉的焚烧方案和关键设备研究

详细介绍了蓄热式废气氧化炉的焚烧方案,主要包括蓄热式废气氧化炉的工艺流程、设备组成和蓄热体的工作模式。并采用CFD计算方法,对富氢燃料燃烧器的设计和蓄热体的传热阻力计算进行了深入研究,优选出燃烧器合适的配风结构和蓄热式废气氧化炉的最佳换向时间,并制定该蓄热式废气氧化炉装置的自控时序表,为工程设计提供指导。

长期运行下的火电厂水处理系统中阴阳树脂再生优化研究

针对火电厂树脂再生问题,采用再生优化的方法对其水处理系统中阴阳树脂进行了优化,通过对比分析优化前后阴阳树脂再生效率、离子交换速度和阳树脂交换容量等参数,验证了优化后的再生方式可以有效提高其再生效率,延长阴树脂使用寿命。实验结果表明,当温度为30℃时,采用化学再生方式进行树脂再生效率可提高20%以上。因此,在不改变离子交换容量的前提下提高阴阳树脂再生效率的方法,能够为之后的水处理系统提供助力。

三室蓄热式热力氧化炉热工性能数值模拟研究

为了指导辽河油田开采伴生气的处理,针对三室蓄热式热力氧化炉(regenerative thermal oxidizer,RTO)的周期性运行过程开展了数值模拟研究。建立了三室RTO的三维物理模型及非稳态数学模型,分别对不同切换时间、蓄热体高度以及入口流量下的RTO运行过程进行了一个切换周期的非稳态模拟,分析了不同工况下RTO的净化效率、热回收效率和蓄热空气出口温度的变化规律。结果表明,阀门切换周期内的3个阶段热回收效率及放热侧出口温度都随着运行时间逐渐降低;在蓄热体高度为1.2 m、阀门切换周期为180 s的RTO运行工况下,可以兼顾较高的热回收效率与更优的经济效益;进气流量越大,各切换周期下的热回收效率越大,蓄热体放热侧出口温度也越高;各烟气组分在该型RTO的富氧环境中净化效率都保持在99%以上。