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Impact of COVID-19 on Safety Performance for Motorcycles: Pre-and during-Pandemic Conditions
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作者 Hongyun Chen Amelia Lawson +2 位作者 Charles Hurda Madalyn Smith Tate Grant 《Journal of Transportation Technologies》 2024年第3期390-401,共12页
Florida has the highest number of motorcycle fatalities in the United States and contains the second largest population of registered motorcycles. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the roads, traffic, and driving behav... Florida has the highest number of motorcycle fatalities in the United States and contains the second largest population of registered motorcycles. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the roads, traffic, and driving behavior in the continental United States. Motorcycle crashes decreased during the COVID-19 years (2020 and 2021) while the fatality rates increased. The purpose of this study is to 1) investigate motorcycle crashes before and during the Pandemic period to understand the impacts on motorcycle safety and contributing factors to the crash severity levels;2) develop the crash predictive model for different degrees of severity in motorcycle crashes in Florida. Florida statewide crash data were collected. T tests have been conducted to compare the contributing factors between two periods. The injury severities are significantly different among all five levels between those during normal period and the Pandemic period. A crash predictive model has been developed to determine the facts to injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes. A total of eight variables are found to significantly increase the injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes during the Pandemic period. 展开更多
关键词 motorcycle Crash PANDEMIC Injury Severity Contributing Factors
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INVESTIGATION IN REDUCING EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM TWO STROKE MOTORCYCLES 被引量:1
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作者 王颂秦 白景升 林漫群 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 1998年第1期3-8,共6页
Test results of reducing two stroke motorcycle emissions with new type carburettors and electronic fuel injection systems are presented. Analyses and comparison between different systems are discussed. The adoption o... Test results of reducing two stroke motorcycle emissions with new type carburettors and electronic fuel injection systems are presented. Analyses and comparison between different systems are discussed. The adoption of electronically controlled injection and corresponding electronic control technique is an effective measure of prolonged vitality to improve emissions from two stroke motorcycles. Suggestions about the strategic steps of China′s motorcycle emission control are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 two stroke motorcycle engine carburettor electronic control injection system controlled stratified combustion emission test for exhaust emission from motorcycle
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The In-use Evaluation of A Listening Course from the Learner's Perspective
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作者 王珏 《海外英语》 2016年第11期36-37,共2页
This paper aims to evaluate how well the listening textbook A Listening Course meets the learners' needs in language learning. The textbooks were studied from various perspectives, namely, the content and topics, ... This paper aims to evaluate how well the listening textbook A Listening Course meets the learners' needs in language learning. The textbooks were studied from various perspectives, namely, the content and topics, design and organization, skills and strategies, tasks and exercises. The research questions of the study are based on these aspects and the statistics are analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the content and topics in the textbooks receives compliment; there are some discouraging aspects in terms of design and organization, skills and methodology. Therefore, it is suggested that more evaluation should be performed on textbooks to promote the development of Materials Development. 展开更多
关键词 LISTENING skills in-use EVALUATION data analysis
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Modeling and Evaluation of the Impact of Motorcycles Mobility on Vehicular Traffic 被引量:1
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作者 Adel Izadi Ashkan Gholamhosseinian Jochen Seitz 《Journal of Transportation Technologies》 2021年第3期426-435,共10页
Traffic simulation can help to evaluate the impact of different mobility behaviors on the traffic flow from safety, efficiency, and environmental views. The objective of this paper is to extend the SUMO (Simulation of... Traffic simulation can help to evaluate the impact of different mobility behaviors on the traffic flow from safety, efficiency, and environmental views. The objective of this paper is to extend the SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) road traffic simulator to model and evaluate the impact of motorcycles mobility on vehicular traffic. First, we go through diverse mobility aspects and models for motorcycles in SUMO. Later, we opt for the most suitable mobility models of motorcycles. Finally, the impact of motorcycle mobility on different kinds of vehicles is investigated in terms of environment, fuel consumption, velocity and travel time. The result of modeling and evaluation shows that based on the mobility model of the motorcycle, vehicular traffic flow can be enhanced or deteriorated. 展开更多
关键词 Traffic Simulation SUMO motorcycle Mobility
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Emission Performance of Motorcycles in Real-Road Conditions
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作者 杜青 刘欣 +3 位作者 尹君 尹涛 赵杰 郭津 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2007年第5期322-327,共6页
WMTC,which means a worldwide motorcycle testing cycle,is now regarded as the most possible choice for the global motorcycle emission testing cycle,but whether or not it can be used in China is still unknown.In this st... WMTC,which means a worldwide motorcycle testing cycle,is now regarded as the most possible choice for the global motorcycle emission testing cycle,but whether or not it can be used in China is still unknown.In this study,a large number of data on the speed-time trace of motorcycles were sampled from various kinds of roads in 5 cities in China.Based on a series of criterion numbers defined,the driving character of motorcycles in the real-road conditions of China was obtained.With the aid of a specially designed program,an emission testing cycle that can indicate the driving characteristics of motorcycle in the real-road conditions was synthesized,and the exhaust emission tests of 20 motorcycles under the synchronized cycle and WMTC were carried out based on a CVS system and a motorcycle chassis dynamometer.The results show that although there do exist differences in some criterion numbers between the real-road condition and WMTC,such as proportion of idling mode,mean speed,mean running speed and the average acceleration and deceleration rates,the driving behaviors are similar.The results of exhaust emission tests indicate that the emission values of motorcycles under the synchronized cycle and WMTC have a relatively strong correlation.This means that WMTC can be introduced as a standard motorcycle emission test regulation into China. 展开更多
关键词 driving character of motorcycles synthesized emission testing cycle emission perfor- mance in real-road condition WMTC
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South Aeronautic Power Machinery Company and South Brand Motorcycles
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作者 Liu Weimin 《China's Foreign Trade》 1996年第2期43-43,共1页
A backbone enterprise under the ChinaAviation Industry Corporation,theSouth Aeronautic Power MachineryCompany is well known for its South brandmotorcycles.The SAPMC is the coreenterprise of the China South Aviation Po... A backbone enterprise under the ChinaAviation Industry Corporation,theSouth Aeronautic Power MachineryCompany is well known for its South brandmotorcycles.The SAPMC is the coreenterprise of the China South Aviation PowerMachinery Group,which is among China’sfirst 56 large-scale enterprise groups approvedby the State Council.In 1994,the 展开更多
关键词 In South Aeronautic Power Machinery Company and South Brand motorcycles THAN
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Producing areas and Export Distribution of Motorcycles
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《China's Foreign Trade》 2006年第15期8-9,共2页
关键词 Producing areas and Export Distribution of motorcycles
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Enhancing Urban Mobility: Exploring the Potential of Exclusive Motorcycle Lane Using VISSIM
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作者 Tanveer Ahmed Lamiya Farah Chowdhury +3 位作者 Md. Golam Sobhani A. S. M. Mohaiminul Islam Sultan Al Shafian Mishuk Majumder 《Journal of Transportation Technologies》 2023年第4期644-656,共13页
The proliferation of Mobility on Demand (MOD) services has ushered in a surge of ridesharing platforms, catalyzing the emergence of micro mobility solutions like motorcycle sharing. Consequently, motorcycles have witn... The proliferation of Mobility on Demand (MOD) services has ushered in a surge of ridesharing platforms, catalyzing the emergence of micro mobility solutions like motorcycle sharing. Consequently, motorcycles have witnessed unprecedented growth over recent decades. This proliferation, while offering convenience, has introduced challenges such as diminished road capacity, and compromised safety. This study advocates for the implementation of exclusive motorcycle lanes to mitigate the ensuing disorderliness using VISSIM microsimulation platform. Empirical data from a key corridor in Dhaka is harnessed to calibrate and simulate network performance scenarios—pre- and post-implementation of dedicated motorcycle lanes. The outcomes of our simulation experiments exhibit the implementation of dedicated motorcycle lanes leads to a reduction in vehicular throughput but improvement the flow of motorcycles. In addition, Surrogate Safety Measures (SSMs) demonstrate the safety improvements through implementation of the treatment. 展开更多
关键词 motorcycle Lane Traffic Simulation Capacity Safety
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Scrotal Trauma in a Motorcycle Accident Leading to a Partial Orchidectomy: Case Report
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作者 Tiéoulé Mamadou Traore Stéphane Kohpe Kapseu Fred Dikongue Dikongue 《Open Journal of Urology》 2023年第12期559-564,共6页
Scrotal trauma in motorcycle accidents (STMA) is a rare entity in the literature. In general, trauma to the genitals is not life-threatening. However, STMA can cause rupture of the testis with consequences that can le... Scrotal trauma in motorcycle accidents (STMA) is a rare entity in the literature. In general, trauma to the genitals is not life-threatening. However, STMA can cause rupture of the testis with consequences that can lead to alteration of sexuality and reproduction. We present an STMA case managed in a rural hospital where various types of injuries arise from motorcycle accidents. A 20-year-old man without any previous pathology presented in our hospital with a swollen painful scrotum. One week prior to presentation, the patient with a speeding motorbike drove over a speed bump, and the frame of his motorcycle broke into two halves, violently striking his genitals and causing scrotal trauma. After examination and investigation, patient has consented to scrotal exploration which was carried out. A partial left orchidectomy was performed and the right testicle was healthy. The evolution was favorable and the patient was discharged on the 5th postoperative day. Prognosis at 6 months was good. It is possible that genital trauma related to motorcycle accidents will become more frequent in the future. This underscores the importance of educating motorcyclists to respect the Highway Code;and making practitioners aware of the risk of serious injury in the event of acute scrotal trauma. 展开更多
关键词 Scrotal Trauma motorcycle Accident ORCHIDECTOMY Case Report
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Urban Accessibility in Motorcycle Dependent Cities - Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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作者 Vu Anh Tuan 《Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering》 2023年第2期74-94,共21页
Motorcycle dependent cities have specific characteristics in terms of urban accessibility.A rapid increase in the number of motorcycles and other private motorized modes make transport problems more serious and cause ... Motorcycle dependent cities have specific characteristics in terms of urban accessibility.A rapid increase in the number of motorcycles and other private motorized modes make transport problems more serious and cause severe capacity problems for the infrastructure systems in these cities.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the development of different modes to meet travel demand and to ensure accessibility in all urban areas.This paper aims to explore accessibility conditions in Ho Chi Minh City,a typical motorcycle dependent city in Vietnam.Understanding of accessibility could be the key element for urban planning in Ho Chi Minh City in particular and motorcycle dependent cities in general.Then,management measures for motorcycles and competitive modes will be proposed to improve the accessibility conditions and thus support sustainable urban transport development for motorcycle dependent cities. 展开更多
关键词 motorcycle dependent cities ACCESSIBILITY traffic management measures
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四缸发动机冷却系统设计及发动机温度场分析 被引量:1
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作者 谭礼斌 袁越锦 +2 位作者 王栋 曹博涛 孙宁 《河南科技大学学报(自然科学版)》 北大核心 2024年第2期1-7,M0002,共8页
为评估某四缸发动机冷却系统设计的合理性,采用计算流体力学分析方法对该发动机冷却系统的布局设计、系统流量确定、冷却系统流场和发动机温度场开展了研究。针对缸体水套冷却液流速差异较大的问题,提出了在缸体水套添加节流缺口的优化... 为评估某四缸发动机冷却系统设计的合理性,采用计算流体力学分析方法对该发动机冷却系统的布局设计、系统流量确定、冷却系统流场和发动机温度场开展了研究。针对缸体水套冷却液流速差异较大的问题,提出了在缸体水套添加节流缺口的优化方案。结果表明:各缸缸体水套冷却液流速均匀性明显改善,各缸套壁面温度可降低1~3℃。发动机转速12 000 r/min时,热平衡测试结果显示缸温最大差异约为4℃。机油温度约为129℃,温度可控(小于140℃),表明该四缸发动机冷却系统设计合理,可保证四缸发动机各缸冷却均匀及机油的冷却。 展开更多
关键词 四缸发动机 冷却系统 冷却液流速 壁面温度 均匀冷却
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摩托车散热器护罩结构对其进风量的影响分析
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作者 谭礼斌 袁越锦 +2 位作者 王栋 唐琳 邹汪轩 《重庆理工大学学报(自然科学)》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第7期255-263,共9页
为保护散热器不被泥土污染,需在散热器进风端添加散热器护罩。散热器护罩添加后对散热器进风量有明显的影响。为获取较优的散热器护罩结构设计,采用CFD分析方法搭建摩托车整车外流场计算域模型,结合不同散热器护罩结构方案,分析散热器... 为保护散热器不被泥土污染,需在散热器进风端添加散热器护罩。散热器护罩添加后对散热器进风量有明显的影响。为获取较优的散热器护罩结构设计,采用CFD分析方法搭建摩托车整车外流场计算域模型,结合不同散热器护罩结构方案,分析散热器护罩结构对其进风量的影响,选取合适的散热器护罩方案开展整车实验验证。结果表明:散热器护罩上导流板角度130°且散热器护罩与芯体间的间隙为1 mm时,散热器进风量为281.7 g/s,与无护罩状态的进风量相当。护罩与芯体间存在间隙可提升散热器进风量,建议间隙控制在1~2.5 mm;散热器护罩网孔倾斜和导流板开孔不利于风量提升。经对比测试,怠速工况、最高车速工况及最大扭矩工况下,散热器添加护罩后的发动机出水温度与无护罩状态的发动机出水温度基本一致。适当减小风扇罩挡风面积可进一步提升散热器进风量,散热器添加护罩后,人体大腿两侧不会出现明显热风。研究结果可为摩托车散热器护罩结构设计及优化提供理论参考。 展开更多
关键词 摩托车 散热器 护罩 发动机出水温度 进风量
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摩托车整车冷却系统散热性能分析及优化
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作者 谭礼斌 袁越锦 +1 位作者 曹博涛 孙宁 《成都工业学院学报》 2024年第2期17-22,共6页
为评估某摩托车冷却系统散热性能,基于计算流体力学方法,采用GT-Suite软件中GT-COOL模块搭建摩托车整车冷却系统一维仿真分析模型,将零部件性能实验实测参数和整车三维流场计算获得的散热器表面风速作为一维分析输入参数,分析整车冷却... 为评估某摩托车冷却系统散热性能,基于计算流体力学方法,采用GT-Suite软件中GT-COOL模块搭建摩托车整车冷却系统一维仿真分析模型,将零部件性能实验实测参数和整车三维流场计算获得的散热器表面风速作为一维分析输入参数,分析整车冷却系统在最大扭矩点、最大功率点、最高车速点3个工况下的发动机出水温度及发动机冷却液流量情况,并与整车热管理测试结果对比进行模型验证。结果表明:发动机出水温度、发动机冷却液流量的仿真值与整车实验测试值基本吻合,最大误差分别为3.25%、6.90%。为降低发动机出水温度,对散热器进行结构改进,散热器沿中心线向两边分别加宽10 mm和向上加高13 mm,发动机出水温度可以得到明显改善。经整车热管理验证测试,散热器改进后,3个工况点下的发动机出水温度都有降低,温度分别降低了5,8,5℃。研究结果可为冷却系统性能评估及散热器结构改进提供数据参考。 展开更多
关键词 摩托车 冷却系统 一维分析 发动机出水温度 结构改进
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基于IGNITE软件的摩托车油耗仿真优化研究
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作者 高宏亮 李建统 +1 位作者 胡会泳 王振亚 《内燃机》 2024年第4期32-37,共6页
降低车辆油耗是减少CO_(2)排放的一种重要手段。以Ricardo车辆性能计算软件IGNITE为平台,构建了某摩托车车辆性能计算模型,并进行了试验验证。在验证模型的基础上,利用优化软件HEEDS工具,将末级速比和各档位速比设定为优化变量,对摩托... 降低车辆油耗是减少CO_(2)排放的一种重要手段。以Ricardo车辆性能计算软件IGNITE为平台,构建了某摩托车车辆性能计算模型,并进行了试验验证。在验证模型的基础上,利用优化软件HEEDS工具,将末级速比和各档位速比设定为优化变量,对摩托车排放测试循环(WMTC)中的油耗进行了优化,获得了油耗与各优化变量之间的相关性系数,明确了各优化速比对降低油耗的具体贡献量以及未来的优化方向。同时,根据优化分析的结果,确定了实现最低WMTC油耗时的优化变量参数配置。通过进一步的优化计算,发现了低WMTC油耗的循环轨迹规律:在低负荷时,由于摩擦损失占比较大,循环工况的轨迹倾向于在低速区域运行;随着负荷的增大,摩擦损失的占比逐渐减小,而热效应的占比则相应增大,循环轨迹会向燃烧效率更高的中速段移动;沿着等功率曲线,循环工况的总体趋势是向高负荷率区域运行。 展开更多
关键词 仿真 油耗 摩托车 传动比
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紫外线光强对摩托车塑料件涂层性能的影响
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作者 苗蓬勃 王岳权 《电镀与涂饰》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第10期126-132,共7页
[目的]在摩托车塑料件的涂装工艺中,紫外光(UV)光固化是表层UV清漆固化的关键环节。本文研究了UV灯光强参数的变化对摩托车塑料件表面涂层性能的影响。[方法]采用摩托车常用的尼龙+玻纤塑料件为基材,喷涂后经不同强度的UV光照射固化,测... [目的]在摩托车塑料件的涂装工艺中,紫外光(UV)光固化是表层UV清漆固化的关键环节。本文研究了UV灯光强参数的变化对摩托车塑料件表面涂层性能的影响。[方法]采用摩托车常用的尼龙+玻纤塑料件为基材,喷涂后经不同强度的UV光照射固化,测试了漆膜的附着力、硬度、光泽度和耐冲击性,采用能谱仪分析了漆膜表面的元素成分。[结果]高光强UV固化后漆膜的附着力、光泽度和耐冲击性更佳,表面氧元素占比更少,硬度与低光强UV固化时差异不大。[结论]与低光强UV固化相比,高光强UV灯照射下氧阻聚作用更少,漆膜的表面性能更优异。 展开更多
关键词 摩托车塑料件 涂装 紫外光固化 光强 附着力 硬度 氧阻聚
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Research on Transient Response of Motorcycle with One Tire Colliding on Ground
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作者 顾亮 曲晋立 +2 位作者 张振华 宋玉杰 牛同斌 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 1998年第4期337-344,共8页
Aim To study the transient response of motorcycle with one tire colliding on ground. Methods Taking the colliding velocity as an independent variable, the changing law of the biggest collision inertia load of motorcy... Aim To study the transient response of motorcycle with one tire colliding on ground. Methods Taking the colliding velocity as an independent variable, the changing law of the biggest collision inertia load of motorcycle′s sprung mass, unsprung mass and driver was studied, while its front and rear tire colliding on ground respectively.Results and Conclusion According to the working conditions of motorcycle shock absorbers and the characteristic of response curve, the transient response of the acceleration, the velocity and the displacement were discussed section by section. And the result of simulating the actual JH125 motorcycle was given. 展开更多
关键词 transient response COLLISION motorcyclE suspension system
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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Using Helmets in Children amongst Parents to Prevent Head Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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作者 Turki Salah Aldeen Bukhari Abdullah Yahya Aldhban +4 位作者 Anas Abdulrahman Alqasem Dona Jamal Al Hatlani Hareth Aldosaimani Hamad A. Al Madi Khalid Alqahtani 《Open Journal of Pediatrics》 2024年第2期255-265,共11页
Objectives: The primary objective was to characterize the range of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Helmet use in children amongst parents to prevent head injuries and death. Methods: This is a cross-section... Objectives: The primary objective was to characterize the range of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Helmet use in children amongst parents to prevent head injuries and death. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, done by online survey using a snowball sampling technique, the number of included responses were 386 parents (Male and female) living in Riyadh Aged 21 - 60 years old or above. Results: The study showed that there is a difference in Parents’ belief in the importance of helmet use while riding a Bicycle vs Motorcycle/Quad bike and that was affected by parents’ education level, almost all the people who answered the survey (76.7%) agree that it is important for their children to wear a helmet when riding both a Bicycle and a Motorcycle or Quadbike with a cumulative percentage of (93.8%). And almost all agreed on multiple approaches to help increase helmet use be it by forcing rental shops to give out helmets, forcing sellers to recommend the use of helmets, increasing awareness campaigns, and imposing fines for not wearing helmets. Conclusions: This study is the first to explore Family helmet use while riding Bicycles and Motorcycles/Quad bikes. Although Parent’s belief in the importance of helmet use for their children was high, it is clear that the level of practice is low. With that the risk of head injuries might be high, our findings suggest that safety interventions for increasing pediatric helmet use are needed to increase helmet use and reduce the risk of head injury and hospitalization. 展开更多
关键词 Head Trauma Head Injury Helmet Bicycle motorcycle Quad Bike KAP Knowledge ATTITUDE PRACTICE
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摩托车铝合金车轮轻量化研究
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作者 周玉军 邓煜坤 +1 位作者 刘进伟 贾志超 《机械设计》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期147-151,共5页
摩托车车轮的自身质量会影响操控性能和成本。为了合理设计车轮结构及尺寸,文中采用拓扑优化的方式,合理地选择优化目标、设计约束及相关的制造约束,在保证车轮具有较大刚度和强度的同时,获得材料的最佳分布,从而保证结构有合理的载荷... 摩托车车轮的自身质量会影响操控性能和成本。为了合理设计车轮结构及尺寸,文中采用拓扑优化的方式,合理地选择优化目标、设计约束及相关的制造约束,在保证车轮具有较大刚度和强度的同时,获得材料的最佳分布,从而保证结构有合理的载荷传递路径。基于拓扑优化结果,对车轮的相关尺寸进行参数化,建立参数化模型,最后在参数化优化软件中搭建车轮的优化流程,实现车轮的自动优化。结果表明:参数化优化后的车轮质量减小了13.3%,采用拓扑优化和参数化优化技术能有效提高车轮减重的效率和准确性。 展开更多
关键词 摩托车 铝合金车轮 拓扑优化 参数化优化
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摩托车发动机冷却系统匹配研究及实验验证
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作者 谭礼斌 王张钰 袁越锦 《邵阳学院学报(自然科学版)》 2024年第3期20-28,共9页
为了给摩托车发动机冷却系统匹配研究提供方法参考,以某摩托车双缸发动机冷却系统为研究对象,从部件流阻性能、冷却系统流量确定及各部件选型优化方面对该发动机冷却系统进行匹配研究,搭建完善的冷却系统仿真分析及实验测试体系,为同类... 为了给摩托车发动机冷却系统匹配研究提供方法参考,以某摩托车双缸发动机冷却系统为研究对象,从部件流阻性能、冷却系统流量确定及各部件选型优化方面对该发动机冷却系统进行匹配研究,搭建完善的冷却系统仿真分析及实验测试体系,为同类型摩托车发动机冷却系统匹配研究提供方法参考。结果表明,采用一维仿真分析获得的冷却系统工作流量仿真值与实测值误差较小,验证了冷却系统流量匹配结果的可靠性。冷却水套内部流速分布较好,不存在流动死区,可对各缸进行较均匀的冷却。发动机台架热平衡测试结果显示,左缸和右缸火花塞垫片温度在发动机最高转速9 000 r/min时分别为185℃和187℃,温度可控且不存在明显差异。建立的发动机冷却系统正向设计开发流程可适用于同类型发动机冷却系统设计,保证发动机的高效冷却。 展开更多
关键词 摩托车发动机 冷却系统 流阻特性 开发流程
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摩托车乘员扶手和脚踏标准的分析和研究
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作者 郭津 翟广凤 赫清昆 《小型内燃机与车辆技术》 CAS 2024年第4期89-92,共4页
为了适应GB 20075-2020《摩托车乘员扶手和脚踏》在适用范围、技术要求和试验方法等方面的变化,检验机构在资料审核和试验方法上进行了补充和变更;同时,企业也在设计、生产和认证等方面做出了相应调整。
关键词 摩托车 乘员扶手 脚踏 标准
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