A novel intrusion detection model for the CAN bus packet of in-vehicle network based on attention mechanism and autoencoder

The attacks on in-vehicle Controller Area Network(CAN)bus messages severely disrupt normal communication between vehicles.Therefore,researches on intrusion detection models for CAN have positive business value for vehicle security,and the intrusion detection technology for CAN bus messages can effectively protect the invehicle network from unlawful attacks.Previous machine learning-based models are unable to effectively identify intrusive abnormal messages due to their inherent shortcomings.Hence,to address the shortcomings of the previous machine learning-based intrusion detection technique,we propose a novel method using Attention Mechanism and AutoEncoder for Intrusion Detection(AMAEID).The AMAEID model first converts the raw hexadecimal message data into binary format to obtain better input.Then the AMAEID model encodes and decodes the binary message data using a multi-layer denoising autoencoder model to obtain a hidden feature representation that can represent the potential features behind the message data at a deeper level.Finally,the AMAEID model uses the attention mechanism and the fully connected layer network to infer whether the message is an abnormal message or not.The experimental results with three evaluation metrics on a real in-vehicle CAN bus message dataset outperform some traditional machine learning algorithms,demonstrating the effectiveness of the AMAEID model.

Recent Trends of In-Vehicle Time Sensitive Networking Technologies, Applications and Challenges

With the vigorous development of automobile industry,in-vehicle network is also constantly upgraded to meet data transmission requirements of emerging applications.The main transmission requirements are low latency and certainty especially for autonomous driving.Time sensitive networking(TSN)based on Ethernet gives a possible solution to these requirements.Previous surveys usually investigated TSN from a general perspective,which referred to TSN of various application fields.In this paper,we focus on the application of TSN to the in-vehicle networks.For in-vehicle networks,we discuss all related TSN standards specified by IEEE 802.1 work group up to now.We further overview and analyze recent literature on various aspects of TSN for automotive applications,including synchronization,resource reservation,scheduling,certainty,software and hardware.Application scenarios of TSN for in-vehicle networks are analyzed one by one.Since TSN of in-vehicle network is still at a very initial stage,this paper also gives insights on open issues,future research directions and possible solutions.

Measurement of in-vehicle volatile organic compounds under static conditions

The types and quantities of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） inside vehicles have been determined in one new vehicle and two old vehicles under static conditions using the Thermodesorber-Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer （TD-GC/MS）. Air sampling and analysis was conducted under the requirement of USEPA Method TO-17. A room-size, environment test chamber was utilized to provide stable and accurate control of the required environmental conditions （temperature, humidity, horizontal and vertical airflow velocity, and background VOCs concentration）. Static vehicle testing demonstrated that although the amount of total volatile organic compounds （TVOC） detected within each vehicle was relatively distinct （4940 μg/m^3 in the new vehicle A, 1240 μg/m^3 in used vehicle B, and 132 μg/m^3 in used vehicle C）, toluene, xylene, some aromatic compounds, and various C7-C12 alkanes were among the predominant VOC species in all three vehicles tested. In addition, tetramethyl succinonitrile, possibly derived from foam cushions was detected in vehicle B. The types and quantities of VOCs varied considerably according to various kinds of factors, such as, vehicle age, vehicle model, temperature, air exchange rate, and environment airflow velocity. For example, if the airflow velocity increases from 0.1 m/s to 0.7 m/s, the vehicle＇s air exchange rate increases from 0.15 h^-1 to 0.67 h^-1, and in-vehicle TVOC concentration decreases from 1780 to 1201 μg/m^3.

Chip Design for In-Vehicle System Transmitter

This paper presents embedded system design of the In-Vehicle System (IVS) for the European Union (EU) emergency call (eCall) system. The IVS transmitter modules are designed, developed and implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The modules are simulated, synthesized, and optimized to be loaded on a reconfigurable device as a system-on-chip (SoC) for the IVS electronic device. All the modules of the transmitter are designed as a single embedded module. The bench-top test is completed for testing and verification of the developed modules. The hardware architecture and interfaces are discussed. The IVS signal processing time is analyzed for multiple frequencies. A range of appropriate frequency and two hardware interfaces are proposed. A state-of-the-art FPGA design is employed as a first implementation approach for the IVS prototyping platform. This work is used as an initial step to implement all the modules of the IVS on a single SoC chip.

Hybrid In-Vehicle Background Noise Reduction for Robust Speech Recognition:The Possibilities of Next Generation 5G Data Networks

This pilot study focuses on employment of hybrid LMS-ICA system for in-vehicle background noise reduction.Modern vehicles are nowadays increasingly supporting voice commands,which are one of the pillars of autonomous and SMART vehicles.Robust speaker recognition for context-aware in-vehicle applications is limited to a certain extent by in-vehicle back-ground noise.This article presents the new concept of a hybrid system which is implemented as a virtual instrument.The highly modular concept of the virtual car used in combination with real recordings of various driving scenarios enables effective testing of the investigated methods of in-vehicle background noise reduction.The study also presents a unique concept of an adaptive system using intelligent clusters of distributed next generation 5G data networks,which allows the exchange of interference information and/or optimal hybrid algorithm settings between individual vehicles.On average,the unfiltered voice commands were successfully recognized in 29.34%of all scenarios,while the LMS reached up to 71.81%,and LMS-ICA hybrid improved the performance further to 73.03%.

An Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for In-Vehicle Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, an advanced distributed energy-efficient clustering (ADEEC) protocol was proposed with the aim of balancing energy consumption across the nodes to achieve longer network lifetime for In-Vehicle Wireless Sensor Networks (IVWSNs). The algorithm changes the cluster head selection probability based on residual energy and location distribution of nodes. Then node associate with the cluster head with least communication cost and high residual energy. Simulation results show that ADEEC achieves longer stability period, network lifetime,and throughput than the other classical clustering algorithms.

eSIM卡在车联网(IoV)中的应用

eSIM卡是智能网联产品中的重要组成部分。通过eSIM卡配合,用户终端产品才能够通过通信模组与外界进行信息沟通、交互。文章对eSIM卡的选型标准、应用以及在设计使用中的注意事项进行分析,并对其在车载信息娱乐系统环境中的应用加以探究,以便能为eSIM卡的普及和推广提供参考。

Valet attack on privacy:a cybersecurity threat in automotive Bluetooth infotainment systems

Modern automobiles are equipped with connectivity features to enhance the user's comfort.Bluetooth is one such communication technology that is used to pair a personal device with an automotive infotainment unit.Upon pairing,the user could access the personal information on the phone through the automotive head unit with minimum distraction while driving.However,such connectivity introduces a possibility for privacy attacks.Hence,performing an in-depth analysis of the system with privacy constraints is extremely important to prevent unauthorized access to personal information.In this work,we perform a systematic analysis of the Bluetooth network of an automotive infotainment unit to exploit security and privacy-related vulnerabilities.We model the identifed threat with respect to privacy constraints of the system,emphasize the severity of attacks through a standardized rating metric and then provide potential countermeasures to prevent the attack.We perform System Theoretic Process Analysis for Privacy as a part of the systematic analysis and use the Common Vulnerability Scoring System to derive attack severity.The identifed vulnerabilities are due to design flaws and assumptions on Bluetooth protocol implementation on automotive infotainment systems.We then elicit the vulnerability by performing a privacy attack on the Automotive system in an actual vehicle.We use Android Open-Source Project to report our findings and propose defense strategies.

一种纯电动汽车自学习型控制策略

电池是电动汽车的动力来源,然而随着使用时间的增长,其固有特性(如容量等)会发生变化,仪表上显示相关信息也会出现误差,给用户带来困扰。文章提出一种自学习型策略来修正因为电池固有属性的衰减而产生的信息显示误差。手机及互联网企业可以通过对用户使用习惯的大数据进行分析,从而为用户推送他们意向的内容,提升了用户体验。相较于传统的非网联汽车,智能汽车也可通过汽车整车控制器(VCU)存储用户用车数据并自主分析及在线升级(OTA)修正因子等方法,对充电时间和可用剩余功率显示进行误差修正以及对驾驶员行为进行打分,实现车辆自主学习的策略。目前应用此策略量产车型已达2万台,市场反应良好,极大地提高了用户体验。

传媒娱乐化的伦理反思

20世纪90年代以来,在市场理念的驱动下,伴随着我国传媒市场化、商业化浪潮的兴起,传媒领域还掀起了一股娱乐化的浪潮。虽然,对当前的传媒娱乐化浪潮下定论尚显为时过早,但对传媒娱乐化中的伦理问题进行深入反思却很有必要,因为,传媒娱乐化中经济伦理问题、人文关怀失位、对道德意义的消解及传媒娱乐化在价值导向上的背离等问题不仅关涉传媒自身的道德建设,也直接关涉到当前我国社会重建中的道德建设等重大问题。

浅析车载信息娱乐系统界面设计

车载信息娱乐系统作为汽车设计重要模块之一,承载着塑造未来汽车造型趋势,探索汽车前沿科技发展方向的意义。车载信息娱乐系统界面作为一个展示平台,可以展现出企业强大的研发能力及利用先进科学技术的能力,极大地提高企业品牌形象,提高产品的认知度。通过分析奔驰、宝马、奥迪三大汽车品牌的车载信息娱乐系统界面,并结合国际主流厂商车载信息娱乐系统发展的状况,阐述了如何进行车载信息娱乐系统界面设计及其重要性;分析了车载信息娱乐系统与移动互联网的结合创新及车联网的趋势。

基于用户体验的车载信息娱乐系统研究

随着全球范围内经济的发展,车辆已逐渐成为人们日常生活中的必需品,在保障用户出行需要的同时,用户也对车辆提出了更高的要求。因此,车企应着眼于提升用户体验的新途径,保障用户对简化驾驶环节、音乐体验及视觉效果等其他方面的物质需求。以此为出发点,在对用户需求以及现阶段先进车型的车载信息娱乐系统介绍说明的基础上,对车载信息娱乐系统交互设计进行了详细分析,可为解决现阶段用户体验不佳的问题提供帮助,具有一定的参考价值。

MOST网络的睡眠唤醒方案

为了实现MOST50网络对睡眠唤醒功能的支持,提出了MOST网络的睡眠唤醒方案。该方案包括支持睡眠唤醒功能的网络节点的硬件设计,通过电气控制线(Electrical control line,ECL)脉冲时序实现的网络唤醒方案的设计,以及网络睡眠通过节点间消息问答方式的实现。该方案的有效性已在MOST50网络的实际应用中获得了充分的验证。

面向信息娱乐系统的车内眼动交互研究

随着社会媒体的广泛应用和普适计算技术的开发,车载信息娱乐系统功能与操作层级不断增加。为了满足驾驶员与车载信息娱乐系统中各项功能安全交互的要求,自然人机交互方式和直觉性交互方式得以迅速发展。研究分析了现有的和正在开发的人车交互模式,分析其优劣性,在此基础上提出了基于车内信息娱乐系统的直觉性驾驶交互方式——眼动交互,开发了眼动交互原型和交互界面。经过原型测试验证了基于抬头显示器(Head-Up Display,HUD)的人车眼动交互的两个关键因素。

车载防盗与信息娱乐系统集成设计

为了解决汽车被盗的问题,同时满足车载电子系统功能更加多元化的趋势,提出一种将汽车防盗和信息娱乐功能集成设计的方法,并结合CAN总线通信技术,设计和实现了一套集汽车防盗、信息娱乐功能于一体的智能化系统。重点介绍系统的开发意义,中央控制单元和CAN网络节点的软硬件设计以及实现过程,对系统进行可靠性和功能性分析和测试。实验结果表明,该系统具有运行稳定、实时性强、可靠性高等优点,符合车载电子系统"更安全、更环保、更节能"的发展趋势,具有广泛的应用价值。

车联网智能终端操作系统解析

操作系统是智能设备的基础和灵魂。从Windows、Unix、Linux、QNX到Symbian、WP、Android、i OS等系统,各种操作系统竞争日益激烈,它们各有其不同的特性及生态环境。车载终端与手机同样属于智能移动设备,选择哪种操作系统,就显得较为重要了。本文诣在通过对分析,让读者能够对不同操作系统做一个较为全面的了解,并能够根据自身需求选择最适合自己的操作系统。

基于Android系统的车载娱乐系统软件架构

车载电子业目前面临众多机遇与挑战,开发一套所有汽车可以安装的通用平台不仅可以降低整个产业链成本,而且可以使应用软件增加,满足不同用户喜好。本文提出一种可行的软件架构,将谷歌Android系统良好的兼容性和安全性的特点应用在车载电子系统中。

3D显示在车载导航娱乐信息系统中的界面设计的价值与应用

近来,随着视觉系统显示技术的不断提高,3D显示被广泛地应用于人们的日常娱乐活动中。裸眼3D的概念也逐渐被越来越多的人所关注,不同于眼镜式3D,裸眼3D对于人的观看距离,识别性提出了更高的要求。本文将从裸眼3D的技术以及其特性入手,探讨其在界面设计,交互设计中的设计原则应用,并结合车载环境的特殊性,总结相关的设计原则,为未来的深入设计研究提供一些思考。

一种车载语音回声消除的方案设计

为提高车载语音语音唤醒率、定位准确率和文字识别率,基于XF6020SYE芯片设计了一种车载语音的回声消除方案。首先阐述了该模块配合车载信息娱乐系统的工作过程,回声消除的工作原理。再通过对麦克风要求的评估,选择符合车载语音使用条件的麦克风,同时根据汽车内部结构合理布置麦克风。最后经过实车录音采样分析对比XF6020SYE处理前后的音轨,结合实车测试比较回声消除和降噪前后的语音唤醒率、定位准确率和文字识别率,得出结论证实所设计的方法有效可行。

基于情境感知的车载信息娱乐系统交互设计研究

目的从用户的生活习惯入手,了解用户驾驶出行的目的,以及在驾驶出行的场景中各种情境影响因素、遇到的问题,结合情境感知的技术,让用户在驾驶环境中更加自然地与车载产品进行交互。方法通过观察、访谈和问卷调查等方法,对白领用户出行这一问题进行定性和定量分析,总结出了关于驾驶出行的故事情境。并通过卡片分类、任务优先级排序等方法,得到行程管理、安全保障、信息传达、情绪舒缓和沟通分享这五大类任务,建立了基于情境感知的车载信息娱乐系统的设计模型,结合工作坊定位了"途易"车载信息娱乐系统的设计方案。结论在理论方面,提出了基于情境感知的车载信息娱乐系统的设计策略;在车载端的交互形式方面,提出了结合屏幕边缘的物理参考做屏幕分区域的定向手势滑动切换功能;在驾驶出行的流程上,考虑确定了车载端、手机APP和微信小程序3个模块的设计。