The poliomyelitis is an acute infection produced by the polio virus that affects the human central nervous system. It is transmitted by fecal-oral and respiratory contact.There are two types of vaccine, OPV （live att...The poliomyelitis is an acute infection produced by the polio virus that affects the human central nervous system. It is transmitted by fecal-oral and respiratory contact.There are two types of vaccine, OPV （live attenuated virus） and IPV （inactivated polio virus）. Currently, there is a plan of vaccination until the age of 5 with OPV. The children vaccinated expel a virus （derived from the vaccine） to the environment, and some of the people that have oral contact with them, get vaccinated by the herd behavior. Nevertheless, taking into account the lately observed facts about the reversion to virulence of the oral polio vaccine during its circulation in the environment, a change in the current vaccination schedule is being contemplated, where the oral polio vaccine can be replaced by the inactivated vaccine. Nowadays, In Colombia the inactivated oral polio vaccine is recommended for children presenting immune deficiency who are vaccinated with IPV. These children do not expel poliovirus to the environment. This work presents a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of the infection in a population where the two types of vaccination are carried out. The population is divided into two groups of age and Michaelis-Menten interactions. Different strategies of vaccination are simulated and analyzed.展开更多
Poliomyelitis is an acute paralytic disease caused by three poliovirus(PV)serotypes.Less than 1%of PV infections result in acute flaccid paralysis.The disease was controlled using the formalin-inactivated Salk polio v...Poliomyelitis is an acute paralytic disease caused by three poliovirus(PV)serotypes.Less than 1%of PV infections result in acute flaccid paralysis.The disease was controlled using the formalin-inactivated Salk polio vaccine(IPV)and the Sabin oral polio vaccine(OPV).Global poliomyelitis eradication was proposed in 1988by the World Health Organization to its member states.The strategic plan established the activities required for polio eradication,certification for regions,OPV cessation phase and post-OPV phase.OPV is the vaccine of choice for the poliomyelitis eradication program because it induces both a systemic and mucosal immune response.The major risks of OPV vaccination are the appearance of Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis cases(VAPP)and the emergence of Vaccine Derived Polioviruses strains.The supplementary immunization with monovalent strains of OPV type 1 or type 3 or with a new bivalent oral polio vaccine b OPV(containing type1 and type 3 PV)has been introduced in those regions where the virus has been difficult to control.Most countries have switched the schedule of vaccination by using IPV instead of OPV because it poses no risk of vaccine-related disease.Until 2008,poliomyelitis was controlled in Romania,an Eastern European country,predominantly using OPV.The alternative vaccinationschedule(IPV/OPV)was implemented starting in September 2008,while beginning in 2009,the vaccination was IPV only.The risk of VAPP will disappear worldwide with the cessation of use of OPV.The immunization for polio must be maintained for at least 5 to 10 years using IPV.展开更多
Background Immunization is one of the most far-reaching and cost-effective strategies for promoting good health and saving lives.A complex immunization schedule,however,may be burdensome to parents and lead to reduced...Background Immunization is one of the most far-reaching and cost-effective strategies for promoting good health and saving lives.A complex immunization schedule,however,may be burdensome to parents and lead to reduced vaccine compliance and completion.Thus,it is critical to develop combination vaccines to reduce the number of injections and simplify the immunization schedule.This study aimed to investigate the current status of the pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis andHaemophilus influenzae type B conjugate(DTaP-IPV/Hib)vaccination in Southern China as well as explore the factors in the general population associated with uptake and the differences between urban and rural populations.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with recently enrolled kindergarten students in Hainan Province between December 2022 and January 2023.The study employed a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method.Information regarding the demographic characteristics and factors that influence decisions were collected from the caregivers of children via an online questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the status of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccinations.Results Of the 4818 valid responses,95.3%of children were aged 3-4 years,and 2856(59.3%)held ruralhukou.Coverage rates of the DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine,from 1 to 4 doses,were 24.4%,20.7%,18.5%,and 16.0%,respectively.Caregivers who are concerned about vaccine efficacy[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.53,95%confidence interval(CI):1.30-1.79],the manufacturer(aOR=2.05,95%CI:1.69-2.49),and a simple immunization schedule(aOR=1.26,95%CI:1.04-1.54)are factors associated with a higher likelihood of vaccinating children against DTaP-IPV/Hib.In addition,caregivers in urban areas showed more concern about the vaccine price(P=0.010)and immunization schedule(P=0.022)in regard to vaccinating children.Conclusions The DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine coverage rate in Hainan Province remains low.Factors such as lower socioeconomic status,cultural beliefs,concerns about vaccine safety,and cost may hinder caregivers from vaccinating their children.Further measures,such as health education campaigns to raise knowledge and awareness,and encouragement of domestic vaccine innovation,which would reduce out-of-pocket costs,could be implemented to improve the coverage of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccination.展开更多
目的建立Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)纯化工艺。方法采用Sepharose CL-6B凝胶过滤和DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析两步纯化法纯化脊髓灰质炎病毒,进行各项检定后再经除菌过滤和灭活。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型病毒纯化后的蛋白去除...目的建立Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)纯化工艺。方法采用Sepharose CL-6B凝胶过滤和DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析两步纯化法纯化脊髓灰质炎病毒,进行各项检定后再经除菌过滤和灭活。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型病毒纯化后的蛋白去除率均不低于98.81%,病毒滴度分别为8.75、8.50和8.63lgCCID50/ml,DNA残留量均<100pg/ml。除菌过滤和灭活后,D抗原含量略有下降。结论已建立了Sabin株IPV的纯化工艺,纯化后制备出了高纯度的Sabin株IPV。展开更多
文摘The poliomyelitis is an acute infection produced by the polio virus that affects the human central nervous system. It is transmitted by fecal-oral and respiratory contact.There are two types of vaccine, OPV （live attenuated virus） and IPV （inactivated polio virus）. Currently, there is a plan of vaccination until the age of 5 with OPV. The children vaccinated expel a virus （derived from the vaccine） to the environment, and some of the people that have oral contact with them, get vaccinated by the herd behavior. Nevertheless, taking into account the lately observed facts about the reversion to virulence of the oral polio vaccine during its circulation in the environment, a change in the current vaccination schedule is being contemplated, where the oral polio vaccine can be replaced by the inactivated vaccine. Nowadays, In Colombia the inactivated oral polio vaccine is recommended for children presenting immune deficiency who are vaccinated with IPV. These children do not expel poliovirus to the environment. This work presents a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of the infection in a population where the two types of vaccination are carried out. The population is divided into two groups of age and Michaelis-Menten interactions. Different strategies of vaccination are simulated and analyzed.
文摘Poliomyelitis is an acute paralytic disease caused by three poliovirus(PV)serotypes.Less than 1%of PV infections result in acute flaccid paralysis.The disease was controlled using the formalin-inactivated Salk polio vaccine(IPV)and the Sabin oral polio vaccine(OPV).Global poliomyelitis eradication was proposed in 1988by the World Health Organization to its member states.The strategic plan established the activities required for polio eradication,certification for regions,OPV cessation phase and post-OPV phase.OPV is the vaccine of choice for the poliomyelitis eradication program because it induces both a systemic and mucosal immune response.The major risks of OPV vaccination are the appearance of Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis cases(VAPP)and the emergence of Vaccine Derived Polioviruses strains.The supplementary immunization with monovalent strains of OPV type 1 or type 3 or with a new bivalent oral polio vaccine b OPV(containing type1 and type 3 PV)has been introduced in those regions where the virus has been difficult to control.Most countries have switched the schedule of vaccination by using IPV instead of OPV because it poses no risk of vaccine-related disease.Until 2008,poliomyelitis was controlled in Romania,an Eastern European country,predominantly using OPV.The alternative vaccinationschedule(IPV/OPV)was implemented starting in September 2008,while beginning in 2009,the vaccination was IPV only.The risk of VAPP will disappear worldwide with the cessation of use of OPV.The immunization for polio must be maintained for at least 5 to 10 years using IPV.
基金This work was supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(Grant No.INV-049539)the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2020210)+1 种基金the Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.20BGL264)the Shanghai Public Health System Construction Three-Year Action Plan(Grant No.GWVI-11.1-48)。
文摘Background Immunization is one of the most far-reaching and cost-effective strategies for promoting good health and saving lives.A complex immunization schedule,however,may be burdensome to parents and lead to reduced vaccine compliance and completion.Thus,it is critical to develop combination vaccines to reduce the number of injections and simplify the immunization schedule.This study aimed to investigate the current status of the pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis andHaemophilus influenzae type B conjugate(DTaP-IPV/Hib)vaccination in Southern China as well as explore the factors in the general population associated with uptake and the differences between urban and rural populations.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with recently enrolled kindergarten students in Hainan Province between December 2022 and January 2023.The study employed a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method.Information regarding the demographic characteristics and factors that influence decisions were collected from the caregivers of children via an online questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the status of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccinations.Results Of the 4818 valid responses,95.3%of children were aged 3-4 years,and 2856(59.3%)held ruralhukou.Coverage rates of the DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine,from 1 to 4 doses,were 24.4%,20.7%,18.5%,and 16.0%,respectively.Caregivers who are concerned about vaccine efficacy[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.53,95%confidence interval(CI):1.30-1.79],the manufacturer(aOR=2.05,95%CI:1.69-2.49),and a simple immunization schedule(aOR=1.26,95%CI:1.04-1.54)are factors associated with a higher likelihood of vaccinating children against DTaP-IPV/Hib.In addition,caregivers in urban areas showed more concern about the vaccine price(P=0.010)and immunization schedule(P=0.022)in regard to vaccinating children.Conclusions The DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine coverage rate in Hainan Province remains low.Factors such as lower socioeconomic status,cultural beliefs,concerns about vaccine safety,and cost may hinder caregivers from vaccinating their children.Further measures,such as health education campaigns to raise knowledge and awareness,and encouragement of domestic vaccine innovation,which would reduce out-of-pocket costs,could be implemented to improve the coverage of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccination.
文摘目的建立Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)纯化工艺。方法采用Sepharose CL-6B凝胶过滤和DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析两步纯化法纯化脊髓灰质炎病毒,进行各项检定后再经除菌过滤和灭活。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型病毒纯化后的蛋白去除率均不低于98.81%,病毒滴度分别为8.75、8.50和8.63lgCCID50/ml,DNA残留量均<100pg/ml。除菌过滤和灭活后,D抗原含量略有下降。结论已建立了Sabin株IPV的纯化工艺,纯化后制备出了高纯度的Sabin株IPV。
