Stitch density is one of the critical quality parameters of knit fabrics. This parameter is closely related to other physical quality parameters like fabric weight, fabric tightness factor, fiber types, blend ratio, y...Stitch density is one of the critical quality parameters of knit fabrics. This parameter is closely related to other physical quality parameters like fabric weight, fabric tightness factor, fiber types, blend ratio, yarn diameter and linear density, and fabric structure. Selecting stitch density (wales per inch, course per inch) is essential to getting the appropriate fabric weight and desired quality. Usually, no rules or assumptions exist to get the desired stitch density in the finished fabric stage. Fifteen types of blended knit fabrics were prepared to conduct the study. The varying percentages of cotton, polyester, and elastane are incorporated in the blends. Regression analysis and regression ANOVA tests were done to predict the stitch density of finished fabrics. A suitable regression equation is established to get the desired results. The study also found that the stitch density value in the finished stage fabric decreases by approximately 15% compared to the stitch density in the grey fabric stage. This study will help the fabric manufacturers get the finished fabric stitch density in advance by utilizing the grey fabric stitch density data set. The author expects this research to benefit the knitting and dyeing industry, new researchers, and advanced researchers.展开更多
This paper is focused on change in shrinkage, GSM, Wales per Inch and Course per Inch due to structure and count variation and state variation. This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey, single lacost...This paper is focused on change in shrinkage, GSM, Wales per Inch and Course per Inch due to structure and count variation and state variation. This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey, single lacoste and weft lock knit fabrics of different counts which were scoured with NaOH. After pretreatment process the samples were tested for widthwise shrinkage, width, GSM, Wales per Inch and Course per Inch and compared between different states like grey state and finished state. The result obtained in this research indicated that physical properties like structures with tuck stitch possess higher value of widthwise shrinkage, width, GSM and Wales per Inch and Course per Inch value lowers prominently in those structures having float or miss stitches. In both cases i.e. grey state and RFD state values of those properties are high in coarser yarn and low in finer yarn. During project knitted fabrics specification along with machine specification and major factors which are necessary to calculate different types of variation and variables on which the whole fabric construction depends were managed to watch carefully. Main efforts were to develop a dependable way so that the resulting fabric specifications with required configuration can be easily visualized and be forecasted. A great emphasization was provided to the adjustable points on which fabric GSM, stitch length, fabric width and shrinkage percentage directly or indirectly depends.展开更多
The black inch worm, Hyposidra talaca （Walker） （Geometridae： Lepidoptera） has earned considerable importance as a defoliator during last decade in north east India. Characteristic features of H. talaca, Such as s...The black inch worm, Hyposidra talaca （Walker） （Geometridae： Lepidoptera） has earned considerable importance as a defoliator during last decade in north east India. Characteristic features of H. talaca, Such as switching from wild plants to Camellia sinensis, and completion of 6-8 generations in a year without winter diapause appear to be the major reasons for persistence of the defoliator on C. sinensis. There are reports on the aggressive infestation of the pest on C. sinensis than on alternate host plants and development of high tolerance^resistance to certain insecticides. Till date, more than one hundred alternate host plants have been recorded for H. talaca, but with very few natural enemies. To manage this pest chemically, synthetic pesticides are widely used. Integrated management is recently being encouraged wherein cultural, mechanical, physical, biological and chemical methods have been contemplated. This review collates the work and literature on the ecology of H. talaca and offers an analysis of the problems encountered in managing the defoliator in tea plantations. Further, future directions for better management of H. talaca are suggested.展开更多
Knitted structures are progressively built up from row after row of knitted intermeshed loops known as knitted loops. Apart from this knitted loops, tuck or miss loops may be produced by varying the timing of the inte...Knitted structures are progressively built up from row after row of knitted intermeshed loops known as knitted loops. Apart from this knitted loops, tuck or miss loops may be produced by varying the timing of the intermeshing sequence of the old loop and new loops. These loops are main and prominent part of the design of the weft knitted structures. Structures having float or miss loop exhibits many noticeable characteristics. The fabrics renders better surface appearance or color pattern. Dimensional stability is significantly improved. Fabric width is reduced and areal density is also increased considerably due to the presence of float loops in the structure. Therefore, the dimensional and physical features of different knitted structures having knit-miss loops may be studied carefully to find the influence of float stitch or loop on fabric width and areal density. In this project work, such an attempt has been made to specify some specific single jersey structures, which will be ensured as an effective tool for product research and development as well as for meeting up customer’s quality requirements of high class products.展开更多
Background： The appropriate elbow position of short-segment nerve conduction study （SSNCS） to diagnose cubital tunnel syndrome （CubTS） is still controversial. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of...Background： The appropriate elbow position of short-segment nerve conduction study （SSNCS） to diagnose cubital tunnel syndrome （CubTS） is still controversial. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of different elbow positions at full extension and 70° flexion on SSNCS in CubTS. Methods： In this cross-sectional study, the clinical data of seventy elbows from 59 CubTS patients between September, 2011 and December, 2014 in the Peking University First Hospital were included as CubTS group. Moreover, thirty healthy volunteers were included as the healthy group. SSNCS were conducted in all subjects at elbow fhll extension and 70° elbow flexion. Paired nonparametric test, bivariate correlation, Bland-Altman, and Chi-squared test analysis were used to compare the effectiveness of elbow full extension and 70° flexion elbow positions on SSNCS in CubTS patients. Results： Data of upper limit was calculated from healthy group, and abnormal latency was judged accordingly. CubTS group＇s latency and compound muscle action potential （CMAP） of each segment at 70° elbow flexion by SSNCS was compared with lull extension position, no statistically significant difference were found （all P 〉 0.05）. Latency and CMAP of each segment at elbow full extension and 70° flexion were correlated （all P 〈 0 elbow （P - 0.43）, and the latency （P = 0.15） and the CMAP （P = 01）, except the latency of segment of 4 cm to 6 cm above 0.06） of segment of 2 cm to 4 cm below elbow. Bivariate correlation and Bland-Altman analysis proved the correlation between elbow full extension and 70° flexion. Especially in segments across the elbow （2 cm above the elbow and 2 cm below it）, latency at elbow full extension and 70° flexion were strong direct associated（r=0.83, P〈0.01;r=0.55, P〈0.01）,andsodidtheCMAP（r 0.49, P〈0.01;r=0.72, P〈0.01）.Therewasno statistically significant difference in abnormality of each segment at full extension as measured by SSNCS compared with that at 70° flexion （P 〉 0.05, respectively）. Conclusions： There was no statistically significant difference in the diagnosis of CubTS with the elbow at full extension compared with that at 70° flexion during SSNCS. We suggest that elbow positon at full extension can also be used during SSNCS.展开更多
Aims Invasive plants modify the structure and functioning of natural en-vironments and threat native plant communities.Invasive species are often favored by human interference such as the creation of arti-ficial fores...Aims Invasive plants modify the structure and functioning of natural en-vironments and threat native plant communities.Invasive species are often favored by human interference such as the creation of arti-ficial forest edges.Field removal experiments may clarify if invasive plants are detrimental to native plant regeneration and how this is related to other local factors.We assessed the joint effect of envir-onment and competition with the invasive Tradescantia zebrina on tree species recruitment in an Atlantic Forest fragment.Methods We carried out the experimental study in the Iguaçu National Park,located in southern Brazil,using 30 plots distributed across five invaded sites during 6 months.We counted T.zebrina leaves and recorded the abundance and height of tree recruits over time under contrasting environmental(forest edge vs.forest interior)and removal(all aboveground biomass,only T.zebrina removal,and control)treatments.We analyzed the effects of environment and re-moval treatment using generalized linear mixed models.Important Findings The invasive species performed better at the forest edge than in the interior.The higher competitive pressure of T.zebrina led to higher mortality and lower height of tree recruits.Invader removal favored tree recruitment,especially in the forest interior.Our study shows that T.zebrina hampers woody species regeneration in tropical Atlantic Forests,especially at the forest edge.展开更多
工业金属引领者九寸钉(Nine Inch Nails)时隔两年又给我们奉献上一张全新的唱片,十六首和谐紧凑的歌曲来得绝对过瘾,曾经用"Love is Not Enough"、"Hurt"、"All The Love In The World"等等歌曲感动... 工业金属引领者九寸钉(Nine Inch Nails)时隔两年又给我们奉献上一张全新的唱片,十六首和谐紧凑的歌曲来得绝对过瘾,曾经用"Love is Not Enough"、"Hurt"、"All The Love In The World"等等歌曲感动过我的Trent Renzor,今次的这张专辑,更像是温柔的延续、冲撞的深入.……展开更多
Sales at U.S. retailers rose more strongly than expected in March offering hope the recovery of Chinese textile and apparel export sector would continue.Despite signs the recovery from the worst downturn since the Gre...Sales at U.S. retailers rose more strongly than expected in March offering hope the recovery of Chinese textile and apparel export sector would continue.Despite signs the recovery from the worst downturn since the Great Depression may be gaining momentum,we highlight the necessity for Chinese textile businesses to keep a watchful eye on restraints.展开更多
文摘Stitch density is one of the critical quality parameters of knit fabrics. This parameter is closely related to other physical quality parameters like fabric weight, fabric tightness factor, fiber types, blend ratio, yarn diameter and linear density, and fabric structure. Selecting stitch density (wales per inch, course per inch) is essential to getting the appropriate fabric weight and desired quality. Usually, no rules or assumptions exist to get the desired stitch density in the finished fabric stage. Fifteen types of blended knit fabrics were prepared to conduct the study. The varying percentages of cotton, polyester, and elastane are incorporated in the blends. Regression analysis and regression ANOVA tests were done to predict the stitch density of finished fabrics. A suitable regression equation is established to get the desired results. The study also found that the stitch density value in the finished stage fabric decreases by approximately 15% compared to the stitch density in the grey fabric stage. This study will help the fabric manufacturers get the finished fabric stitch density in advance by utilizing the grey fabric stitch density data set. The author expects this research to benefit the knitting and dyeing industry, new researchers, and advanced researchers.
文摘This paper is focused on change in shrinkage, GSM, Wales per Inch and Course per Inch due to structure and count variation and state variation. This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey, single lacoste and weft lock knit fabrics of different counts which were scoured with NaOH. After pretreatment process the samples were tested for widthwise shrinkage, width, GSM, Wales per Inch and Course per Inch and compared between different states like grey state and finished state. The result obtained in this research indicated that physical properties like structures with tuck stitch possess higher value of widthwise shrinkage, width, GSM and Wales per Inch and Course per Inch value lowers prominently in those structures having float or miss stitches. In both cases i.e. grey state and RFD state values of those properties are high in coarser yarn and low in finer yarn. During project knitted fabrics specification along with machine specification and major factors which are necessary to calculate different types of variation and variables on which the whole fabric construction depends were managed to watch carefully. Main efforts were to develop a dependable way so that the resulting fabric specifications with required configuration can be easily visualized and be forecasted. A great emphasization was provided to the adjustable points on which fabric GSM, stitch length, fabric width and shrinkage percentage directly or indirectly depends.
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the National Tea Research Foundation (NTRF), Tea Board, Government of India for extending their support on integrated management of Hyposidra talaca in tea plantations in project mode.
文摘The black inch worm, Hyposidra talaca （Walker） （Geometridae： Lepidoptera） has earned considerable importance as a defoliator during last decade in north east India. Characteristic features of H. talaca, Such as switching from wild plants to Camellia sinensis, and completion of 6-8 generations in a year without winter diapause appear to be the major reasons for persistence of the defoliator on C. sinensis. There are reports on the aggressive infestation of the pest on C. sinensis than on alternate host plants and development of high tolerance^resistance to certain insecticides. Till date, more than one hundred alternate host plants have been recorded for H. talaca, but with very few natural enemies. To manage this pest chemically, synthetic pesticides are widely used. Integrated management is recently being encouraged wherein cultural, mechanical, physical, biological and chemical methods have been contemplated. This review collates the work and literature on the ecology of H. talaca and offers an analysis of the problems encountered in managing the defoliator in tea plantations. Further, future directions for better management of H. talaca are suggested.
文摘Knitted structures are progressively built up from row after row of knitted intermeshed loops known as knitted loops. Apart from this knitted loops, tuck or miss loops may be produced by varying the timing of the intermeshing sequence of the old loop and new loops. These loops are main and prominent part of the design of the weft knitted structures. Structures having float or miss loop exhibits many noticeable characteristics. The fabrics renders better surface appearance or color pattern. Dimensional stability is significantly improved. Fabric width is reduced and areal density is also increased considerably due to the presence of float loops in the structure. Therefore, the dimensional and physical features of different knitted structures having knit-miss loops may be studied carefully to find the influence of float stitch or loop on fabric width and areal density. In this project work, such an attempt has been made to specify some specific single jersey structures, which will be ensured as an effective tool for product research and development as well as for meeting up customer’s quality requirements of high class products.
文摘Background： The appropriate elbow position of short-segment nerve conduction study （SSNCS） to diagnose cubital tunnel syndrome （CubTS） is still controversial. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of different elbow positions at full extension and 70° flexion on SSNCS in CubTS. Methods： In this cross-sectional study, the clinical data of seventy elbows from 59 CubTS patients between September, 2011 and December, 2014 in the Peking University First Hospital were included as CubTS group. Moreover, thirty healthy volunteers were included as the healthy group. SSNCS were conducted in all subjects at elbow fhll extension and 70° elbow flexion. Paired nonparametric test, bivariate correlation, Bland-Altman, and Chi-squared test analysis were used to compare the effectiveness of elbow full extension and 70° flexion elbow positions on SSNCS in CubTS patients. Results： Data of upper limit was calculated from healthy group, and abnormal latency was judged accordingly. CubTS group＇s latency and compound muscle action potential （CMAP） of each segment at 70° elbow flexion by SSNCS was compared with lull extension position, no statistically significant difference were found （all P 〉 0.05）. Latency and CMAP of each segment at elbow full extension and 70° flexion were correlated （all P 〈 0 elbow （P - 0.43）, and the latency （P = 0.15） and the CMAP （P = 01）, except the latency of segment of 4 cm to 6 cm above 0.06） of segment of 2 cm to 4 cm below elbow. Bivariate correlation and Bland-Altman analysis proved the correlation between elbow full extension and 70° flexion. Especially in segments across the elbow （2 cm above the elbow and 2 cm below it）, latency at elbow full extension and 70° flexion were strong direct associated（r=0.83, P〈0.01;r=0.55, P〈0.01）,andsodidtheCMAP（r 0.49, P〈0.01;r=0.72, P〈0.01）.Therewasno statistically significant difference in abnormality of each segment at full extension as measured by SSNCS compared with that at 70° flexion （P 〉 0.05, respectively）. Conclusions： There was no statistically significant difference in the diagnosis of CubTS with the elbow at full extension compared with that at 70° flexion during SSNCS. We suggest that elbow positon at full extension can also be used during SSNCS.
文摘Aims Invasive plants modify the structure and functioning of natural en-vironments and threat native plant communities.Invasive species are often favored by human interference such as the creation of arti-ficial forest edges.Field removal experiments may clarify if invasive plants are detrimental to native plant regeneration and how this is related to other local factors.We assessed the joint effect of envir-onment and competition with the invasive Tradescantia zebrina on tree species recruitment in an Atlantic Forest fragment.Methods We carried out the experimental study in the Iguaçu National Park,located in southern Brazil,using 30 plots distributed across five invaded sites during 6 months.We counted T.zebrina leaves and recorded the abundance and height of tree recruits over time under contrasting environmental(forest edge vs.forest interior)and removal(all aboveground biomass,only T.zebrina removal,and control)treatments.We analyzed the effects of environment and re-moval treatment using generalized linear mixed models.Important Findings The invasive species performed better at the forest edge than in the interior.The higher competitive pressure of T.zebrina led to higher mortality and lower height of tree recruits.Invader removal favored tree recruitment,especially in the forest interior.Our study shows that T.zebrina hampers woody species regeneration in tropical Atlantic Forests,especially at the forest edge.
文摘 工业金属引领者九寸钉(Nine Inch Nails)时隔两年又给我们奉献上一张全新的唱片,十六首和谐紧凑的歌曲来得绝对过瘾,曾经用"Love is Not Enough"、"Hurt"、"All The Love In The World"等等歌曲感动过我的Trent Renzor,今次的这张专辑,更像是温柔的延续、冲撞的深入.……
文摘Sales at U.S. retailers rose more strongly than expected in March offering hope the recovery of Chinese textile and apparel export sector would continue.Despite signs the recovery from the worst downturn since the Great Depression may be gaining momentum,we highlight the necessity for Chinese textile businesses to keep a watchful eye on restraints.
