Influence of Transportation Accessibility on Urban-rural Income Disparity and Its Spatial Heterogeneity

Transportation accessibility has been treated as an important means of reducing the urban-rural income disparity.However,only a few studies have examined the effects of different types of transportation accessibility on urban-rural income disparity and their spatial heterogeneity.Based on data from 285 prefecture-level(and above)Chinese cities in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,this study uses spatial econometric models to examine how highway accessibility and railway accessibility influence the urban-rural income disparity and to identify their spatial heterogeneity.The result reveals that highway accessibility and railway accessibility have‘coreperiphery’ring-like circle structures.The urban-rural income disparity exhibits strong spatial clustering effects.Both highway accessibility and railway accessibility are negatively associated with urban-rural income disparity,and the former having a greater effect size.Moreover,there is a substitution effect between highway accessibility and railway accessibility in the whole sample.Furthermore,these associations differ in geographic regions.In the central region,highway accessibility is more important in reducing the urban-rural income disparity,but its effect is weakened with the increase of railway accessibility.In the western region,railway accessibility has a larger effect on narrowing the urban-rural income disparity,and this effect is strengthened by the increase of highway accessibility.We conclude that improving transportation accessibility is conducive to reducing the urban-rural income disparity but its effect is spatial heterogenetic.Highways and railways should be developed in a coordinated manner to promote an integrated transport network system.

A Study on the Factors Influencing the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas Based on State-space Model

The increasingly widening income gap between urban and rural areas is affected by many factors. Using the stepwise regression analysis,we find that urbanization level,socio-economic development,education level,financial development scale and financial development efficiency have the greatest impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. By cointegration test,it is found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between these five variables and the income gap between urban and rural areas. We build the state-space model to research the dynamic impact of these factors on the income gap between urban and rural areas. The results show that by improving the level of urbanization,we can effectively narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas,while socio-economic development,the improvement of education level,expansion of financial development scale and financial development efficiency all significantly expand the income gap between urban and rural areas.

An Empirical Analysis on the Impact of Rural Financial Development on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents in Heilongjiang Province

The high-quality development of rural finance is an important support for rural revitalization.In recent years,it continuously expands the investment in rural finance in Heilongjiang Province,and optimizes the rural financial service system and mechanism.The overall income level and living conditions of rural residents have been significantly improved,but there still exists income gap between urban and rural residents.Therefore,based on analyzing and combing current situation and problems of rural financial development and urban-rural income gap in Heilongjiang Province,multiple linear regression model is used to study the impact of rural financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in Heilongjiang Province.The research results show that the scale of rural financial development in Heilongjiang Province will enlarge the income gap between urban and rural residents,while rural financial development efficiency and urbanization level reduce income gap between urban and rural residents in Heilongjiang Province.Based on the above conclusions,some policy suggestions to promote the equalization of urban and rural income in Heilongjiang Province are puts forward in this paper.

The Influence of the Urban-Rural Income Disparity on the Industrial Structure—Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region as an Example

In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. However, this paper is from another perspective, based on the social background of high-quality development, the main study is the impact mechanism of urban and rural income gap on the industrial structure, taking the Yangtze River Delta as the main research object, and specifically selecting 22 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which is also one of the highlights of this study. The regression model is constructed by using the intermediary effect, and the four intermediary variables of fiscal expenditure (M1), fixed asset investment (M2), number of patent applications (M3), and total import and export (M4) are selected, which represent the role of the government, fixed asset investment, scientific and technological level and opening-up level, and study and analyze the inherent influence mechanism between each variable. Before doing specific research, I consulted the papers and literature of many other outstanding scholars, among which Cheng Yuhong and Cheng Chi’s “The Influence Mechanism of industrial structure of urban and rural income gap” [1] has great reference value for this paper. According to the research results, under the background of high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas will inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to focus on building a new type of urbanization, accelerating the construction of an urban innovation system, optimizing the rural employment structure to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.

Urban-rural Income Gap Needs Urgent Reduction

Since the late 1970s, with the rapid growth of China’s economy, the income levels of both urban and rural residents have risen significantly, and their standard of living has fundamentally improved. However, a disparity in income growth between the two exists, and the disparities in relative and absolute income have experienced a period of long-term expansion, which has led to the long-time widening of the consumption gap. There are several indicators of these disparities: the proportion of urban and rural consumption compared to the national level, the changes measured by the Engel’s coefficient, residents’ possession of consumer durables in the countryside, etc. The expanding disparity in consumption between urban and rural residents is neither conducive to meeting aggregate domestic demand, nor to upgrading the industrial structure. In this regard, measures must be taken to curb the expanding urban and rural income gap, so as to help rural incomes grow more quickly and further promote China’s economic growth and social stability.

How Does E-Commerce Policy Affect Consumption Disparities of Rural Households?-Evidence from China

In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and unleash the consumption potential in the countryside.Based on data from China Family Panel Studies,this paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the e-commerce to enter rural areas on the consumption disparity among rural households.Findings:the comprehensive demonstration work of promoting e-commerce to enter rural areas has reduced the consumption disparity among rural households through the following mechanisms.Firstly,this policy initiative has mitigated the consumption-inhibiting effect on rural household consumption due to the local market size and external market accessibility by promoting the distribution of consumer goods to villages.Secondly,this policy initiative has also increased the agricultural income of rural households and reduced their consumption disparity by distributing farm produce to cities and enhancing the agricultural income of rural households.Moreover,the work is characterized by inclusive growth and is not susceptible to the“elite capture”phenomenon.

共同富裕背景下基本医疗保险的受益公平性研究——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析

基于“中国健康与养老追踪调查”(CHARLS)2011—2018年四期数据,研究两类基本医疗保险参保者的城乡身份、所在地区与收入水平对基本医疗保险受益的影响及其公平性,发现城镇职工医疗保险的覆盖率较低,而城乡居民医疗保险的实际覆盖率超过政策覆盖率;城镇和东部地区、高收入参保者的受益水平较高;医疗自付费用对低收入人群形成较大负担;随着时间的推移,参保者在不同维度的受益水平和公平性有所改善。模型分析结果还表明,在城镇职工医保内部,地区差距显著,东部、中部、西部、东北地区的住院费用水平依次递减,西部地区参保人员的健康水平显著低于东部地区;在城乡居民医保内部,城镇居民的受益水平显著高于农村居民和进城农民,东部地区居民的健康水平最高,而西部地区最低;参保者收入越低则住院费用越少,健康水平也越差。上述发现与结论对于进一步缩小不同城乡、地区和收入身份特征的参保者的受益差距,促进社会公平公正,推动共同富裕,具有一定的政策启示。

再分配视域下河北省人口老龄化与城乡收入不平等的关系分析

再分配作为调节收入分配的重要工具,在实现共同富裕目标中发挥着重要作用。河北省作为人口大省,日益加重的人口老龄化对经济社会发展、城乡收入等产生了重要影响。研究发现:一方面,河北省人口老龄化拉大了城乡收入差距,加剧了城乡收入不平等,尤其是在二线城市和大规模城市中,人口老龄化引致的城乡收入不平等效应更加明显;另一方面,经济增长作为“做大蛋糕”和“分好蛋糕”的原动力,能够有效“对冲”人口老龄化对城乡收入分配不公的负面影响,而人口老龄化倒逼技术进步又在一定程度上加剧了城乡收入不平等。因此,河北省不仅要做大“财富蛋糕”,更要使全体社会成员共享“经济蛋糕”,以此加速推进共同富裕进程。

城乡融合视域下农村低收入人口和欠发达地区发展帮扶机制优化研究——深入学习党的二十届三中全会精神

解决农村低收入人口和欠发达地区问题是迈向共同富裕的中国式现代化新征程中的时代命题,城乡融合发展为其重塑治理空间并注入强劲发展动能。新阶段推进农村低收入人口和欠发达地区发展帮扶机制优化是弱势群体帮扶和落后地区开发的政策延续、面向高质量发展要求的现实回应与国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成,应正确把握精准帮扶与普惠支持、政府引导与市场化运作等重要关系,优化农村低收入人口和欠发达地区帮扶机制:完善测度指标体系,加强动态监测预警;发挥政府与市场协同作用,提高资源配置效率;增进农村低收入人口内生动力,激发欠发达地区发展活力;健全激励约束机制,提升发展帮扶工作绩效管理水平;强化党建引领,促进区域战略协同联动,以期提升农村低收入人口可行能力、实现欠发达地区可持续发展和深入推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化。

碳交易能否缩小城乡收入差距?

如何缩小城乡收入差距是实现全体人民共同富裕的重大挑战。基于碳交易影响城乡收入差距的内在逻辑,运用中国2010-2019年208个样本城市数据,采用双重差分法实证检验碳交易对城乡收入差距的影响及作用机制。研究发现:碳交易能显著缩小城乡收入差距,该影响主要通过提高农村居民收入实现;碳交易缩小城乡收入差距的作用在不同类型的城市具有显著的异质性,对碳排放强度高、城市化水平低和煤炭依赖度高的城市缩小效应更为明显。研究将碳交易与城乡收入差距纳入统一框架,提出碳交易的收入分配效应,为实现“双碳战略”与共同富裕两大目标提供证据支持和建议参考。

乡村旅游发展对海南城乡收入差距影响的实证研究

共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征,缩小城乡收入差距实现城乡共同富裕是海南自由贸易港推进中国式现代化建设的必然要求。基于2014—2022年海南18个市县面板数据的实证研究,研究表明乡村旅游发展明显缩小了海南城乡收入差距,且这一结论在处理内生性、替换核心解释变量测度等稳健性检验中仍然成立;进一步的区域异质性检验发现,在经济发展水平较高区域和“三极”地区,发展乡村旅游对缩小城乡收入差距的效应更加显著。海南应大力推进乡村旅游建设,统筹乡村旅游布局空间优化,以实现乡村旅游引领海南乡村振兴和协调城乡发展的绿色共同富裕之路。

湖南武陵山片区旅游发展水平与城乡收入差距脱钩关系研究

基于2010—2021年湖南武陵山片区县域面板数据,综合运用泰尔系数、Tapio脱钩模型和Granger因果关系检验,研究旅游发展水平与城乡收入差距的脱钩关系。结果显示:研究期内,湖南武陵山片区旅游发展水平和城乡收入差距分别表现出波动增长和持续缩小的演化态势;受新冠疫情影响,旅游发展水平大于片区均值的县域单元数量有所减少。2019年前,湖南武陵山片区旅游发展水平与城乡收入差距的主要脱钩类型为强脱钩;新冠疫情时期,弱负脱钩类型的县域单元数量急剧上升。湖南武陵山片区的旅游发展水平与城乡收入差距存在长期均衡关系,且存在旅游发展水平向城乡收入差距的单向Granger因果关系。据此,建议加强县域间的横向联系,建立健全旅游利益联结机制,发挥旅游强县的示范引领作用,以促进湖南武陵山片区旅游发展水平与城乡收入差距脱钩。

旅游发展对城乡收入差距的非线性影响——基于湖南省革命老区的实证检验

基于互联网OTA平台景区销售数据综合测算县域旅游发展水平,采用面板门槛回归模型探究2019—2021年湖南省革命老区县域旅游发展对城乡收入差距的影响及区域异质性。结果表明:旅游发展对城乡收入差距的影响呈现“扩大-缩小-扩大”的“N型”趋势双重门槛效应;在同一发展时期,旅游发展对农村居民的增收效应要略高于城镇居民;县域经济发展水平直接作用于旅游发展对城乡收入差距的影响,经济发达县旅游发展更利于缓解城乡收入差距;县域旅游发展水平差异导致其对城乡收入差距的影响也具有差异性,旅游发达县旅游发展对城乡收入差距的抑制作用更明显。据此,地方政府应因地制宜制定旅游发展规划,积极探索多元化产业振兴机制并培育壮大特色产业,发挥旅游联动效应,促进城乡协调发展。

数字普惠金融的收入增长与收入差距缩小效应研究——来自新疆的经验证据

文章在城乡二元经济结构、金融发展与收入平等理论分析基础上,利用2011—2020年新疆地州面板数据,借助分位数回归和广义空间模型,研究新疆数字普惠金融对城乡居民收入增长的异质性及差距缩小效应。结果表明:数字普惠金融对于城乡居民收入增长具有异质性,且在不同收入水平的情况下,增长效应有差异;数字普惠金融对城乡收入差距有缩小效应,但是空间溢出效应不显著。分维度研究发现,覆盖广度和使用深度对城乡差距的缩小作用显著,但空间溢出效应均不显著。基于此,提出应加快边疆地区农村数字普惠金融建设规模与速度;合理配置金融资源,增强“一圈一带一群”中心城市对落后地区的辐射作用;加快现代化建设,推进城乡一体化发展。

我国城乡收入分配差距空间格局及影响因素研究——基于省际面板数据的空间杜宾模型

基于空间杜宾模型,利用我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)1978—2022年的面板数据,研究省际城乡收入分配差距空间格局及影响因素。结果显示,我国省际城乡收入分配差距存在空间上的依赖性和异质性。由于经济发展突出的二元性与“晋升锦标赛”下激烈的区域竞争环境,产业就业结构与城乡结构对邻近地区有显著的短期空间溢出效应。各地区须优化产业布局、加强区域协作、深化制度改革、促进乡村产业振兴,通过就业承载力的全面提升,缩小城乡收入分配差距。

数字乡村建设与城乡收入差距:一个U型关系

缩小城乡收入差距,是实现共同富裕亟待解决的重要问题。基于偏向型技术进步理论,对数字乡村建设与城乡收入差距的关系进行理论分析,利用县域数字乡村发展指数与县域经济统计数据实证检验数字乡村建设与城乡收入差距之间的关系。基准回归结果显示,数字乡村建设对城乡收入差距的影响呈现出先缩小后扩大的U型效应,这一结果经过内生性及稳健性检验后仍然成立。从各维度看,数字基础设施对城乡收入差距的影响处于扩大阶段,而乡村经济数字化、乡村治理数字化及乡村生活数字化对城乡收入差距的影响处于缩小阶段。异质性分析表明,数字乡村建设对城乡收入差距的影响存在地区差异,对东部和中部地区影响显著,对西部地区影响不显著;在粮食主产区与非主产区均呈U型影响效应。机制研究显示,技能溢价是阻碍数字乡村建设缩小城乡收入差距的重要因素。为更好发挥数字乡村建设缩小城乡收入差距的作用,需进一步保障数字乡村发展质量,提高农村居民数字技能水平,促进资源在区域间的合理配置。

电子商务促进了农民农村共同富裕吗?——基于收入增长与差距缩小的双重视角

电子商务促进了农民与市场的有效连接,带动了农民就业创业增长,并弱化了低收入农民的信息劣势,可以同时提高农民收入水平和缩小农民收入差距,赋能农民农村共同富裕。利用我国1 996个区县2014—2020年的面板数据以及CHIP 2018的农户数据,基于人均可支配收入和基尼系数综合评价农民农村共同富裕程度,以淘宝村数量衡量农村电商发展水平,运用双向固定效应模型和RIF回归分析发现:淘宝村数量增加提高了农民的人均可支配收入,并降低了农民的基尼系数,显著促进了农民农村共同富裕;电子商务主要通过促进农民创业和经营性收入增长的路径来增加农民收入,而对农民就业及其工资性收入的影响不显著;农村电商发展对农民收入增长的促进作用在收入水平较低区县、国家级贫困县、离中心城市较远区县、中西部区县更强。因此,应当加快欠发达地区及偏远地区的农村电商发展,加强对低收入农民的扶持和帮助,提高电子商务的益贫性和普惠性,有效促进农民农村共同富裕。

数字创新创业赋能城乡共同富裕的实证检验

文章基于2012—2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,实证检验数字创新创业对城乡共同富裕的影响及作用机制。结果表明,数字创新创业对城乡共同富裕具有显著促进作用。异质性分析结果表明,相较于数字创新,数字创业对城乡共同富裕的促进效应更强;数字创新创业对城乡共同富裕的促进作用在西部、东北地区更加显著。作用机制检验结果表明,数字创新创业通过优化居民收入结构、提升技术创新能力,促进城乡共同富裕。因此,应激发乡村数字创新创业活力,促进城乡共同富裕;提升乡村企业技术创新水平,优化乡村居民收入结构;实施差异化发展策略,缩小城乡群体数字鸿沟。

土地流转与劳动力转移的要素互动对城乡收入差距的影响

要素流动对于破解城乡融合发展难题,建立均衡增长和良性循环的城乡关系具有重要影响。基于2005—2020年31个省级宏观面板数据,考察土地制度综合配套改革下土地流转与劳动力转移的互动关系及对城乡收入差距的影响与作用机制。研究发现:土地流转与劳动力转移之间具有显著的正向互动效应。土地流转与劳动力转移的互动有助于缩小城乡收入差距。土地流转与劳动力转移的互动,通过促进城市化水平、提高产业高级化程度,间接缩小城乡收入差距。此外,土地流转与劳动力转移的互动对城乡收入差距的影响具有异质性,对工资性收入差距存在显著的负向影响。为进一步缩小城乡收入差距,需要推动土地和户籍制度联动改革,扩大人地要素的权利开放程度,强化城乡土地、劳动力要素的流动性,完善土地流转和劳动力市场,引导农村转移劳动力参与土地流转。

平台经济发展对城乡收入差距的影响研究

平台经济的快速发展和应用给农村发展注入了新活力,推动了农村居民创业就业,缩小了城乡收入差距。文章基于2013—2022年中国30个省份的面板数据,运用熵权法测度各地区平台经济发展水平,并对平台经济影响城乡收入差距进行了效应评估。结果发现:平台经济发展有助于缩小城乡收入差距,且在南方地区和人力资本水平较低的地区更加明显;中介效应检验发现,农村创业就业是平台经济影响城乡收入差距的重要渠道;调节效应结果表明,政府合理干预能够强化平台经济对城乡收入差距的缩小作用。研究结果有助于厘清平台经济、农村创业就业与城乡收入差距之间的作用机理,对改善我国城乡居民收入分配结构、探索实现全体人民共同富裕的中国式现代化具有重要意义。