Neurons are highly polarized,morphologically asymmetric,and functionally compartmentalized cells that contain long axons extending from the cell body.For this reason,their maintenance relies on spatiotemporal regulati...Neurons are highly polarized,morphologically asymmetric,and functionally compartmentalized cells that contain long axons extending from the cell body.For this reason,their maintenance relies on spatiotemporal regulation of organelle distribution between the somatodendritic and axonal domains.Although some organelles,such as mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum,are widely distributed throughout the neuron,others are segregated to either the somatodendritic or axonal compartment.For example,Golgi outposts and acidified lysosomes are predominantly present in the somatodendritic domain and rarely distributed along the axon,whereas newly formed autophagosomes and synaptic vesicles are mainly distributed in the distal axon(Britt et al.,2016).展开更多
The vast majority of in vitro studies have demonstrated that PINK1 phosphorylates Parkin to work together in mitophagy to protect against neuronal degeneration.However,it remains largely unclear how PINK1 and Parkin a...The vast majority of in vitro studies have demonstrated that PINK1 phosphorylates Parkin to work together in mitophagy to protect against neuronal degeneration.However,it remains largely unclear how PINK1 and Parkin are expressed in mammalian brains.This has been difficult to address because of the intrinsically low levels of PINK1 and undetectable levels of phosphorylated Parkin in small animals.Understanding this issue is critical for elucidating the in vivo roles of PINK1 and Parkin.Recently,we showed that the PINK1 kinase is selectively expressed as a truncated form(PINK1–55)in the primate brain.In the present study,we used multiple antibodies,including our recently developed monoclonal anti-PINK1,to validate the selective expression of PINK1 in the primate brain.We found that PINK1 was stably expressed in the monkey brain at postnatal and adulthood stages,which is consistent with the findings that depleting PINK1 can cause neuronal loss in developing and adult monkey brains.PINK1 was enriched in the membrane-bound fractionations,whereas Parkin was soluble with a distinguishable distribution.Immunofluorescent double staining experiments showed that PINK1 and Parkin did not colocalize under physiological conditions in cultured monkey astrocytes,though they did colocalize on mitochondria when the cells were exposed to mitochondrial stress.These findings suggest that PINK1 and Parkin may have distinct roles beyond their well-known function in mitophagy during mitochondrial damage.展开更多
The microstructures and thermodynamic properties of mixed systems comprising pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]and acetonitrile at different mole fractions were studied using molecular dynamics simulation in this wo...The microstructures and thermodynamic properties of mixed systems comprising pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]and acetonitrile at different mole fractions were studied using molecular dynamics simulation in this work.The following properties were determined:density,self-diffusion coefficient,excess molar volume,and radial distribution function.The results show that with an increase in the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the self-diffusion coefficient decreases.Additionally,the excess molar volume initially decreases,reaches a minimum,and then increases.The rules of radial distribution functions(RDFs)of characteristic atoms are different.With increasing the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the first peak of the RDFs of HA1-F decreases,while that of CT6-CT6 rises at first and then decreases.This indicates that the solvent molecules affect the polar and non-polar regions of[HPy][BF_(4)]differently.展开更多
背景:有研究利用三维有限元方法分析了种植体在不同皮质骨厚度中的应力情况,得出皮质骨厚度影响种植体-骨界面位移值、等效应力值及种植体各部件等效应力值的结果。目前超短种植体在不同下颌骨骨质中的临床应用还存在不确定性。目的:利...背景:有研究利用三维有限元方法分析了种植体在不同皮质骨厚度中的应力情况,得出皮质骨厚度影响种植体-骨界面位移值、等效应力值及种植体各部件等效应力值的结果。目前超短种植体在不同下颌骨骨质中的临床应用还存在不确定性。目的:利用三维有限元法分析超短种植体在下颌骨不同骨质中的应力分布及骨组织的应力分布情况。方法:选取1名下颌第1磨牙缺失患者的CT影像资料,利用Mimics软件创建下颌骨第1磨牙区域的模型,根据超短种植体奥齿泰系统中5 mm×5 mm TSⅢ型号绘制出所需要的植体及上部修复体模型,使用Geomagic Studio的偏置命令获取下颌4类不同骨质的模型(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类),将所有模型整合并交叉组合,给予不同方向载荷,分析各类模型受力后的范氏等效应力分布。结果与结论:(1)垂直载荷时:皮质骨最大应力在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类骨质中相对于Ⅳ类骨更趋向于稳定,力也从分散于种植体周围到Ⅳ类骨时逐渐集中至种植体颈部与皮质骨连接处;Ⅰ类骨中最大等效应力峰值在中央螺丝区域,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类骨中最大应力峰值则统一在种植体颈部与基台连接处。(2)侧向载荷时:皮质骨最大应力随着骨质条件的减弱呈逐渐增大的趋势;Ⅰ-Ⅳ类骨质中,最大应力峰值都集中在种植体与基台连接处,Ⅰ-Ⅲ类骨中种植体本身所受应力随着骨质的减弱表现出逐渐增大的趋势,到Ⅳ类骨时应力有所减小,此规律同样适用于修复体基台以及松质骨所受应力。(3)各类骨质中侧向载荷时所受到的最大应力值比垂直向载荷更大。展开更多
基金supported by the Merkin PNNR Center(23-DF/C2/261)(to HS).
文摘Neurons are highly polarized,morphologically asymmetric,and functionally compartmentalized cells that contain long axons extending from the cell body.For this reason,their maintenance relies on spatiotemporal regulation of organelle distribution between the somatodendritic and axonal domains.Although some organelles,such as mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum,are widely distributed throughout the neuron,others are segregated to either the somatodendritic or axonal compartment.For example,Golgi outposts and acidified lysosomes are predominantly present in the somatodendritic domain and rarely distributed along the axon,whereas newly formed autophagosomes and synaptic vesicles are mainly distributed in the distal axon(Britt et al.,2016).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32070534(to WY),32370567(to WY),82371874(to XL),81830032(to XL),82071421(to SL)Key Field Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2018B030337001(to XL)+2 种基金Guangzhou Key Research Program on Brain Science,No.202007030008(to XL)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province,Nos.2021ZT09Y007,2020B121201006(to XL)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Nos.2022A1515012301(to WY),2023B1515020031(to WY).
文摘The vast majority of in vitro studies have demonstrated that PINK1 phosphorylates Parkin to work together in mitophagy to protect against neuronal degeneration.However,it remains largely unclear how PINK1 and Parkin are expressed in mammalian brains.This has been difficult to address because of the intrinsically low levels of PINK1 and undetectable levels of phosphorylated Parkin in small animals.Understanding this issue is critical for elucidating the in vivo roles of PINK1 and Parkin.Recently,we showed that the PINK1 kinase is selectively expressed as a truncated form(PINK1–55)in the primate brain.In the present study,we used multiple antibodies,including our recently developed monoclonal anti-PINK1,to validate the selective expression of PINK1 in the primate brain.We found that PINK1 was stably expressed in the monkey brain at postnatal and adulthood stages,which is consistent with the findings that depleting PINK1 can cause neuronal loss in developing and adult monkey brains.PINK1 was enriched in the membrane-bound fractionations,whereas Parkin was soluble with a distinguishable distribution.Immunofluorescent double staining experiments showed that PINK1 and Parkin did not colocalize under physiological conditions in cultured monkey astrocytes,though they did colocalize on mitochondria when the cells were exposed to mitochondrial stress.These findings suggest that PINK1 and Parkin may have distinct roles beyond their well-known function in mitophagy during mitochondrial damage.
文摘The microstructures and thermodynamic properties of mixed systems comprising pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]and acetonitrile at different mole fractions were studied using molecular dynamics simulation in this work.The following properties were determined:density,self-diffusion coefficient,excess molar volume,and radial distribution function.The results show that with an increase in the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the self-diffusion coefficient decreases.Additionally,the excess molar volume initially decreases,reaches a minimum,and then increases.The rules of radial distribution functions(RDFs)of characteristic atoms are different.With increasing the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the first peak of the RDFs of HA1-F decreases,while that of CT6-CT6 rises at first and then decreases.This indicates that the solvent molecules affect the polar and non-polar regions of[HPy][BF_(4)]differently.
文摘背景:有研究利用三维有限元方法分析了种植体在不同皮质骨厚度中的应力情况,得出皮质骨厚度影响种植体-骨界面位移值、等效应力值及种植体各部件等效应力值的结果。目前超短种植体在不同下颌骨骨质中的临床应用还存在不确定性。目的:利用三维有限元法分析超短种植体在下颌骨不同骨质中的应力分布及骨组织的应力分布情况。方法:选取1名下颌第1磨牙缺失患者的CT影像资料,利用Mimics软件创建下颌骨第1磨牙区域的模型,根据超短种植体奥齿泰系统中5 mm×5 mm TSⅢ型号绘制出所需要的植体及上部修复体模型,使用Geomagic Studio的偏置命令获取下颌4类不同骨质的模型(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类),将所有模型整合并交叉组合,给予不同方向载荷,分析各类模型受力后的范氏等效应力分布。结果与结论:(1)垂直载荷时:皮质骨最大应力在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类骨质中相对于Ⅳ类骨更趋向于稳定,力也从分散于种植体周围到Ⅳ类骨时逐渐集中至种植体颈部与皮质骨连接处;Ⅰ类骨中最大等效应力峰值在中央螺丝区域,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类骨中最大应力峰值则统一在种植体颈部与基台连接处。(2)侧向载荷时:皮质骨最大应力随着骨质条件的减弱呈逐渐增大的趋势;Ⅰ-Ⅳ类骨质中,最大应力峰值都集中在种植体与基台连接处,Ⅰ-Ⅲ类骨中种植体本身所受应力随着骨质的减弱表现出逐渐增大的趋势,到Ⅳ类骨时应力有所减小,此规律同样适用于修复体基台以及松质骨所受应力。(3)各类骨质中侧向载荷时所受到的最大应力值比垂直向载荷更大。
