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Mathematical Modeling of HIV Investigating the Effect of Inconsistent Treatment
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作者 Sr Mary Nyambura Mwangi Virginia M. Kitetu Isaac O. Okwany 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第4期1063-1078,共16页
HIV is a retrovirus that infects and impairs the cells and functions of the immune system. It has caused a great challenge to global public health systems and leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), if not... HIV is a retrovirus that infects and impairs the cells and functions of the immune system. It has caused a great challenge to global public health systems and leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), if not attended to in good time. Antiretroviral therapy is used for managing the virus in a patient’s lifetime. Some of the symptoms of the disease include lean body mass and many opportunistic infections. This study has developed a SIAT mathematical model to investigate the impact of inconsistency in treatment of the disease. The arising non-linear differential equations have been obtained and analyzed. The DFE and its stability have been obtained and the study found that it is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. The endemic equilibrium has been obtained and found to be globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is greater than unity. Numerical solutions have been obtained and analyzed to give the trends in the spread dynamics. The inconsistency in treatment uptake has been analyzed through the numerical solutions. The study found that when the treatment rate of those infected increases, it leads to an increase in treatment population, which slows down the spread of HIV and vice versa. An increase in the rate of treatment of those with AIDS leads to a decrease in the AIDS population, the reverse happens when this rate decreases. The study recommends that the community involvement in advocating for consistent treatment of HIV to curb the spread of the disease. 展开更多
关键词 HIV Modeling Mathematical Modeling Reproduction Number inconsistent Treatment
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Fast assignment reduction in inconsistent incomplete decision systems 被引量:3
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作者 Min Li Shaobo Deng +1 位作者 Shengzhong Feng Jianping Fan 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2014年第1期83-94,共12页
This paper focuses on fast algorithm for computing the assignment reduct in inconsistent incomplete decision systems. It is quite inconvenient to judge the assignment reduct directly ac-cording to its definition. We p... This paper focuses on fast algorithm for computing the assignment reduct in inconsistent incomplete decision systems. It is quite inconvenient to judge the assignment reduct directly ac-cording to its definition. We propose the judgment theorem for the assignment reduct in the inconsistent incomplete decision system, which greatly simplifies judging this type reduct. On such basis, we derive a novel attribute significance measure and construct the fast assignment reduction algorithm (F-ARA), intended for com-puting the assignment reduct in inconsistent incomplete decision systems. Final y, we make a comparison between F-ARA and the discernibility matrix-based method by experiments on 13 Univer-sity of California at Irvine (UCI) datasets, and the experimental results prove that F-ARA is efficient and feasible. 展开更多
关键词 assignment reduction upper approximation reduction inconsistent incomplete decision system rough set.
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A Dialogue System for Coherent Reasoning with Inconsistent Knowledge Bases
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作者 Silvio do Lago Pereira Luiz Felipe Zarco dos Santos Lucio Nunes de Lira 《Journal of Computer and Communications》 2015年第8期11-19,共9页
Traditionally, the AI community assumes that a knowledge base must be consistent. Despite that, there are many applications where, due to the existence of rules with exceptions, inconsistent knowledge must be consider... Traditionally, the AI community assumes that a knowledge base must be consistent. Despite that, there are many applications where, due to the existence of rules with exceptions, inconsistent knowledge must be considered. One way of restoring consistency is to withdraw conflicting rules;however, this will destroy part of the knowledge. Indeed, a better alternative would be to give precedence to exceptions. This paper proposes a dialogue system for coherent reasoning with inconsistent knowledge, which resolves conflicts by using precedence relations of three kinds: explicit precedence relation, which is synthesized from precedence rules;implicit precedence relation, which is synthesized from defeasible rules;mixed precedence relation, which is synthesized by combining explicit and implicit precedence relations. 展开更多
关键词 Defeasible REASONING inconsistent KNOWLEDGE Precedence RELATION DIALOGUE system
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Exploring the Potential Of ESG in China By Guo Xixian China’s environmental,social,and governance(ESG)rating system is still fresh and will undergo standard and regulated development
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作者 Guo Xixian 《China Report ASEAN》 2023年第8期60-62,共3页
Broad consensus on climate change has made many countries set carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,which inspired Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)investment.Advocates of the concept seek to foster sustai... Broad consensus on climate change has made many countries set carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,which inspired Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)investment.Advocates of the concept seek to foster sustainable development of enterprises in terms of environment,society,and corporate governance.A bond linking the capital market and financing entities,credit rating agencies that evaluate corporate credit risk have gradually incorporated ESG factors into the credit rating system,which has boosted the development of ESG investment.China’s ESG investment started comparatively late,but it has been gaining momentum thanks to improved regulations and policies.Currently,ESG investment in China still faces multiple problems and challenges including underdeveloped infrastructure,inconsistent evaluation standards,and varied evaluation results. 展开更多
关键词 system LINKING inconsistent
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Interaction between Surface Acoustic Wave and Quantum Hall Effects
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作者 刘萧 吴蒙蒙 +6 位作者 王任飞 王兴豪 张文锋 董昱江 杜瑞瑞 刘阳 林熙 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期105-109,共5页
Surface acoustic wave(SAW)is a powerful technique for investigating quantum phases appearing in twodimensional electron systems.The electrons respond to the piezoelectric field of SAW through screening,attenuating its... Surface acoustic wave(SAW)is a powerful technique for investigating quantum phases appearing in twodimensional electron systems.The electrons respond to the piezoelectric field of SAW through screening,attenuating its amplitude,and shifting its velocity,which is described by the relaxation model.In this work,we systematically study this interaction using orders of magnitude lower SAW amplitude than those in previous studies.At high magnetic fields,when electrons form highly correlated states such as the quantum Hall effect,we observe an anomalously large attenuation of SAW,while the acoustic speed remains considerably high,inconsistent with the conventional relaxation model.This anomaly exists only when the SAW power is sufficiently low. 展开更多
关键词 RELAXATION QUANTUM inconsistent
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RESTlogic: Detecting Logic Vulnerabilities in Cloud REST APIs
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作者 Ziqi Wang Weihan Tian Baojiang Cui 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第2期1797-1820,共24页
logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test resu... logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test results using joint state codes and call stack information,which compensates for the shortcomings of traditional analysis methods.We will apply our method to testing REST services,including OpenStack,an open source cloud operating platform for experimental evaluation.We have found a series of inconsistencies,known vulnerabilities,and new unknown logical defects. 展开更多
关键词 Cloud services RESTful API logic defects inconsistency issues
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Agricultural Investment Project Decisions Based on an Interactive Preference Disaggregation Model Considering Inconsistency
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作者 Xingli Wu Huchang Liao +1 位作者 Shuxian Sun Zhengjun Wan 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第6期3125-3146,共22页
Agricultural investment project selection is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem,as agricultural projects are easily influenced by various risk factors,and the evaluation information provided by decisionm... Agricultural investment project selection is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem,as agricultural projects are easily influenced by various risk factors,and the evaluation information provided by decisionmakers usually involves uncertainty and inconsistency.Existing literature primarily employed direct preference elicitation methods to address such issues,necessitating a great cognitive effort on the part of decision-makers during evaluation,specifically,determining the weights of criteria.In this study,we propose an indirect preference elicitation method,known as a preference disaggregation method,to learn decision-maker preference models fromdecision examples.To enhance evaluation ease,decision-makers merely need to compare pairs of alternatives with which they are familiar,also known as reference alternatives.Probabilistic linguistic preference relations are employed to account for the presence of incomplete and uncertain information in such pairwise comparisons.To address the inconsistency among a group of decision-makers,we develop a pair of 0-1mixed integer programming models that consider both the semantics of linguistic terms and the belief degrees of decision-makers.Finally,we conduct a case study and comparative analysis.Results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed model in solving agricultural investment project selection problems with uncertain and inconsistent decision information. 展开更多
关键词 Multiple criteria analysis preference disaggregation INCONSISTENCY probability linguistic preference relation investment project selection
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Dialectical Thermodynamics’Solution to the Conceptual Imbroglio That Is the Reversible Path
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作者 José C. Íñiguez 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第2期775-799,共25页
According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also ... According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy change to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane. 展开更多
关键词 Thermodynamic Reversibility Solution to Inconsistencies Dialectical Thermodynamics
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On the Proof of the Contradiction of Set Theory
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作者 Yury M. Volin 《Advances in Pure Mathematics》 2024年第3期139-159,共21页
The article is devoted to proving the inconsistency of set theory arising from the existence of strange trees. All steps of the proof rely on common informal set-theoretic reasoning, but they take into account the pro... The article is devoted to proving the inconsistency of set theory arising from the existence of strange trees. All steps of the proof rely on common informal set-theoretic reasoning, but they take into account the prohibitions that were introduced into axiomatic set theories in order to overcome the difficulties encountered by the naive Cantor set theory. Therefore, in fact, the article is about proving the inconsistency of existing axiomatic set theories, in particular, the ZFC theory. 展开更多
关键词 Set Theory Inconsistency TREE Strange Tree Through Way Almost through Way ISOMORPHISM Almost Isomorphism Isomorphism Tree Place Plane Superposition of Trees on the Place Plane Disposition of Trees on the Place Plane
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Mathematical Modeling of the Co-Infection Dynamics of HIV and Tuberculosis Incorporating Inconsistency in HIV Treatment
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作者 Sr Mary Nyambura Mwangi Virginia M. Kitetu Isaac O. Okwany 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第5期1744-1768,共25页
A non-linear HIV-TB co-infection has been formulated and analyzed. The positivity and invariant region has been established. The disease free equilibrium and its stability has been determined. The local stability was ... A non-linear HIV-TB co-infection has been formulated and analyzed. The positivity and invariant region has been established. The disease free equilibrium and its stability has been determined. The local stability was determined and found to be stable under given conditions. The basic reproduction number was obtained and according to findings, co-infection diminishes when this number is less than unity, and persists when the number is greater than unity. The global stability of the endemic equilibrium was calculated. The impact of HIV on TB was established as well as the impact of TB on HIV. Numerical solution was also done and the findings indicate that when the rate of HIV treatment increases the latent TB increases while the co-infected population decreases. When the rate of HIV treatment decreases the latent TB population decreases and the co-infected population increases. Encouraging communities to prioritize the consistent treatment of HIV infected individuals must be emphasized in order to reduce the scourge of HIV-TB co-infection. 展开更多
关键词 Co-Infection Modeling HIV-TB Co-Infection Mathematical Modeling Reproduction Number inconsistent Treatment
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Recycling a Scarce Resource
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作者 GITONGA NJERU 《ChinAfrica》 2024年第11期42-43,共2页
Caleb Munyao,a 48-year-old middle-scale farmer from Kenya’s eastern region,understands the importance of water better than most.On his 13-hectare farm,where he grows maize,yellow beans,and mangoes,every drop of water... Caleb Munyao,a 48-year-old middle-scale farmer from Kenya’s eastern region,understands the importance of water better than most.On his 13-hectare farm,where he grows maize,yellow beans,and mangoes,every drop of water is precious.Kenya,like many countries in Africa,faces significant challenges in managing its water resources.The country’s water scarcity issues are exacerbated by climate change,rapid urbanisation,and inconsistent rainfall patterns. 展开更多
关键词 CYCLING YELLOW inconsistent
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Discrete Event System Framework for Fault Diagnosis with Measurement Inconsistency:Case Study of Rogue DHCP Attack 被引量:4
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作者 Mayank Agarwal Santosh Biswas Sukumar Nandi 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2019年第3期789-806,共18页
Fault detection and diagnosis(FDD) facilitates reliable operation of systems. Various approaches have been proposed for FDD like Analytical redundancy(AR), Principal component analysis(PCA), Discrete event system(DES)... Fault detection and diagnosis(FDD) facilitates reliable operation of systems. Various approaches have been proposed for FDD like Analytical redundancy(AR), Principal component analysis(PCA), Discrete event system(DES) model etc., in the literature. Performance of FDD schemes greatly depends on accuracy of the sensors which measure the system parameters.Due to various reasons like faults, communication errors etc.,sensors may occasionally miss or report erroneous values of some system parameters to FDD engine, resulting in measurement inconsistency of these parameters. Schemes like AR, PCA etc.,have mechanisms to handle measurement inconsistency, however,they are computationally heavy. DES based FDD techniques are widely used because of computational simplicity, but they cannot handle measurement inconsistency efficiently. Existing DES based schemes do not use Measurement inconsistent(MI)parameters for FDD. These parameters are not permanently unmeasurable or erroneous, so ignoring them may lead to weak diagnosis. To address this issue, we propose a Measurement inconsistent discrete event system(MIDES) framework, which uses MI parameters for FDD at the instances they are measured by the sensors. Otherwise, when they are unmeasurable or erroneously reported, the MIDES invokes an estimator diagnoser that predicts the state(s) the system is expected to be in, using the subsequent parameters measured by the other sensors. The efficacy of the proposed method is illustrated using a pumpvalve system. In addition, an MIDES based intrusion detection system has been developed for detection of rogue dynamic host configuration protocol(DHCP) server attack by mapping the attack to a fault in the DES framework. 展开更多
关键词 Fault diagnosis instrasion detection system (IDS) MEASUREMENT inconsistent discrete event system (DES) rogue dynamic HOST configuration protocol (DHCP) server
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Reliability and Availability Models of Belt Drive Systems Considering Failure Dependence 被引量:2
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作者 Peng Gao Liyang Xie Jun Pan 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第2期133-144,共12页
Conventional reliability models of belt drive systems in the failure mode of fatigue are mainly based on the static stress strength interference model and its extended models, which cannot consider dynamic factors in ... Conventional reliability models of belt drive systems in the failure mode of fatigue are mainly based on the static stress strength interference model and its extended models, which cannot consider dynamic factors in the operational duration and be used for further availability analysis. In this paper, time-dependent reliability models, failure rate models and availability models of belt drive systems are developed based on the system dynamic equations with the dynamic stress and the material property degradation taken into account. In the proposed models, dynamic failure dependence and imperfect maintenance are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the issue of time scale inconsistency between system failure rate and system availability is proposed and addressed in the proposed system availability models. Besides, Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to validate the established models. The results from the proposed models and those from the Monte Carlo simulations show a consistency. Furthermore, the case studies show that the failure dependence, imperfect maintenance and the time scale inconsistency have significant influences on system availability. The independence assumption about the belt drive systems results in underestimations of both reliability and availability. Moreover, the neglect of the time scale inconsistency causes the underestimate of the system availability. Meanwhile, these influences show obvious time-dependent characteristics. 展开更多
关键词 AVAILABILITY RELIABILITY BELT DRIVE Failure DEPENDENCE Time scale INCONSISTENCY
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PCR ALGORITHM FOR PARALLEL COMPUTING MINIMUM-NORM LEAST-SQUARES SOLUTION OF INCONSISTENT LINEAR EQUATIONS
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作者 王国荣 《Numerical Mathematics A Journal of Chinese Universities(English Series)》 SCIE 1993年第1期1-10,共10页
This paper presents a new highly parallel algorithm for computing the minimum-norm least-squares solution of inconsistent linear equations Ax = b(A∈Rm×n,b∈R (A)). By this algorithm the solution x = A + b is obt... This paper presents a new highly parallel algorithm for computing the minimum-norm least-squares solution of inconsistent linear equations Ax = b(A∈Rm×n,b∈R (A)). By this algorithm the solution x = A + b is obtained in T = n(log2m + log2(n - r + 1) + 5) + log2m + 1 steps with P=mn processors when m × 2(n - 1) and with P = 2n(n - 1) processors otherwise. 展开更多
关键词 Parallel ALGORITHM the minimum-norm LEAST-SQUARES solution inconsistent linear EQUATIONS generalized inverse.
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Exposing Image Forgery with Inconsistent Reflection Line Midpoint
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作者 葛华勇 MALIK Hafiz +1 位作者 蒋学芹 房树娟 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2017年第1期44-48,共5页
In recent years,there has been a backlash of sorts and the authenticity of images has been routinely questioned.Seeing is no longer believing.There is an urgent need for robust image forensic techniques to expose phot... In recent years,there has been a backlash of sorts and the authenticity of images has been routinely questioned.Seeing is no longer believing.There is an urgent need for robust image forensic techniques to expose photo forgery.This paper proposed a novel and effective technique to expose image forgery using inconsistent reflection.More specifically,a new technique was presented to calculate reflection line midpoint,the definition of midpoint ratio was given,and three standards were proposed and employed to detect image forgery.Accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed technique were evaluated using a data set consisting of 200 authentic and forged images.Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can detect image forgery with very high success rate. 展开更多
关键词 image forgery inconsistent reflection midpoint ratio image forensics
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An inconsistent ABO forward and reverse typing caused by B3 subgroup
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《中国输血杂志》 CAS CSCD 2001年第S1期383-,共1页
关键词 ABO An inconsistent ABO forward and reverse typing caused by B3 subgroup
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Some Mathematical Properties of the Dynamically Inconsistent Bellman Equation: A Note on the Two-Sided Altruism Dynamics
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作者 Aoki Takaaki 《Journal of Mathematics and System Science》 2015年第1期1-16,共16页
This article describes some dynamic aspects on dynastic utility incorporating two-sided altruism with an OLG setting. The special case is analyzed where the weights of two-sided altruism are dynamically inconsistent. ... This article describes some dynamic aspects on dynastic utility incorporating two-sided altruism with an OLG setting. The special case is analyzed where the weights of two-sided altruism are dynamically inconsistent. The Bellman equation for two-sided altruism proves to be reduced to one-sided dynamic problem, but the effective discount factor is different only in the current generation. It is shown that a contraction mapping result of value function cannot be achieved in general, and that there can locally exist an infinite number of self-consistent policy functions of the class C" with distinct steady states (indeterminacy of self-consistent, differentiable policy functions). 展开更多
关键词 Bellman equation Two-sided altruism Dynamic inconsistency Self-consistent policy functions Indeterminacy Overlapping generations model.
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Equilibrium dividend strategies in the dual model with a random time horizon
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作者 ZHAO Yong-xia YE Chuan-xiu CHENG Gong-pin 《Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities)》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期510-522,共13页
This paper investigates the dividend problem with non-exponential discounting in a dual model.We assume that the dividends can only be paid at a bounded rate and that the surplus process is killed by an exponential ra... This paper investigates the dividend problem with non-exponential discounting in a dual model.We assume that the dividends can only be paid at a bounded rate and that the surplus process is killed by an exponential random variable.Since the non-exponential discount function leads to a time inconsistent control problem,we study the equilibrium HJB-equation and give the associated verification theorem.For the case of a mixture of exponential discount functions and exponential gains,we obtain the explicit equilibrium dividend strategy and the corresponding equilibrium value function.Besides,numerical examples are shown to illustrate our results. 展开更多
关键词 equilibrium dividend strategies non-exponential discounting time inconsistence dual model equilibrium HJB-equation
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An Electron Model Based on the Fine Structure Constant
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作者 Arlen Young 《Journal of Modern Physics》 CAS 2023年第5期553-561,共9页
In previous publications, the author has proposed a model of the electron’s internal structure, wherein a positively-charged negative mass outer shell and a negatively-charged positive mass central core are proposed ... In previous publications, the author has proposed a model of the electron’s internal structure, wherein a positively-charged negative mass outer shell and a negatively-charged positive mass central core are proposed to resolve the electron’s charge and mass inconsistencies. That model is modified in this document by assuming the electron’s radius is exactly equal to the classical electron radius. The attributes of the internal components of the electron’s structure have been recalculated accordingly. The shape of the electron is also predicted, and found to be slightly aspherical on the order of an oblate ellipsoid. This shape is attributed to centrifugal force and compliant outer shell material. It is interesting to note that all of the electron’s attributes, both external and internal, with the exception of mass and angular moment, are functions of the fine structure constant a, and can be calculated from just three additional constants: electron mass, Planck’s constant, and speed of light. In particular, the ratios of the outer shell charge and mass to the electron charge and mass, respectively, are 3/2a. The ratios of the central core charge and mass to the electron charge and mass, respectively, are 1-(3/2a). Attributes of the electron are compared with those of the muon. Charge and spin angular momentum are the same, while mass, magnetic moment, and radius appear to be related by the fine structure constant. The mass of the electron outer shell is nearly equal to the mass of the muon. The muon internal structure can be modeled exactly the same as for the electron, with exactly the same attribute relationships. 展开更多
关键词 Fine Structure Constant Negative Mass Electron Shape Electron Structure Electron Mass Inconsistency Electron Charge Inconsistency MUON
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Electron Shape Calculated for the Dual-Charge Dual-Mass Model
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作者 Arlen Young 《Journal of Modern Physics》 CAS 2023年第3期198-207,共10页
A model for the internal structure of the electron using classical physics equations has been previously published by the author. The model employs both positive and negative charges and positive and negative masses. ... A model for the internal structure of the electron using classical physics equations has been previously published by the author. The model employs both positive and negative charges and positive and negative masses. The internal attributes of the electron structure were calculated for both ring and spherical shapes. Further examination of the model reveals an instability for the ring shape. The spherical shape appears to be stable, but relies on tensile or compressive forces of the electron material for stability. The model is modified in this document to eliminate the dependency on material forces. Uniform stability is provided solely by balancing electrical and centrifugal forces. This stability is achieved by slightly elongating the sphere along the spin axis to create a prolate ellipsoid. The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid is the spin axis of the electron, and is calculated to be 1.20% longer than the semi-minor axis, which is the radius of the equator. Although the shape deviates slightly from a perfect sphere, the electric dipole moment is zero. In the author’s previously published document, the attributes of the internal components of the electron, such as charge and mass, were calculated and expressed as ratios to the classically measured values for the composite electron. It is interesting to note that all of these ratios are nearly the same as the inverse of the Fine Structure Constant, with differences of less than 15%. The electron model assumed that the outer surface charge was fixed and uniform. By allowing the charge to be mobile and the shape to have a particular ellipticity, it is shown that the calculated charge and mass ratios for the model can be exactly equal to the Fine Structure Constant and the Constant plus one. The electron radius predicted by the model is 15% greater than the Classical Electron Radius. 展开更多
关键词 Electron Shape Classical Electron Model Dual-Charge Dual-Mass Model Electron Radius Negative Mass Electron Mass Inconsistency Electron Charge Inconsistency Fine Structure Constant
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