This paper investigates the challenges associated with the inconspicuousness of indigenous African languages in the South African education system,as established during empirical research conducted by the author for h...This paper investigates the challenges associated with the inconspicuousness of indigenous African languages in the South African education system,as established during empirical research conducted by the author for his PhD thesis.According to the findings of the research,integrating indigenous African languages in the basic education sector is a key strategic shift that should be considered for it could fast-track efforts to elevate and promote indigenous African languages as media of educational instruction.These languages have been discriminated against for decades,since the era of colonisation and Apartheid South Africa.Despite attempts by the democratic government,through transformative legislative frameworks,African languages are inconspicuous within the education sector.Institutions of learning have developed multilingual language policies yet their implementation remains a problem.Based on the critical review of the literature on indigenous African languages,and with a focus on information and communication technology(ICT),the paper investigates policy opportunities and challenges.The paper concludes by assessing the low profile of indigenous languages in education,and its likely impact on the high failure rate in South African schools.展开更多
Standards of highway conservation and maintenance are improved gradually following the improvement of requirements of road service. Before obvious damage such as obvious cracking (block,transverse, longitudinal ) and ...Standards of highway conservation and maintenance are improved gradually following the improvement of requirements of road service. Before obvious damage such as obvious cracking (block,transverse, longitudinal ) and rutting emerge, inconspicuous distress (micro-cracks, polishing, pockmarked) is generated previously. These inconspicuous distresses may provide basis and criteria for pavement preventive maintenance. Currently most of preventive conservation measures are determined by experienced experts in maintenance and repair of road after site visits. Thus method is difficult in operation, and has a certain amount of instability as it is based on experience and personal knowledge. In this paper, camera and laser were used for automated high-speed acquisition images. Methods to preprocess pavement image are compared. The pretreatment method suitable for analyze micro-cracks picture is elected, an effective way to remove shadow is also proposed.展开更多
文摘This paper investigates the challenges associated with the inconspicuousness of indigenous African languages in the South African education system,as established during empirical research conducted by the author for his PhD thesis.According to the findings of the research,integrating indigenous African languages in the basic education sector is a key strategic shift that should be considered for it could fast-track efforts to elevate and promote indigenous African languages as media of educational instruction.These languages have been discriminated against for decades,since the era of colonisation and Apartheid South Africa.Despite attempts by the democratic government,through transformative legislative frameworks,African languages are inconspicuous within the education sector.Institutions of learning have developed multilingual language policies yet their implementation remains a problem.Based on the critical review of the literature on indigenous African languages,and with a focus on information and communication technology(ICT),the paper investigates policy opportunities and challenges.The paper concludes by assessing the low profile of indigenous languages in education,and its likely impact on the high failure rate in South African schools.
文摘Standards of highway conservation and maintenance are improved gradually following the improvement of requirements of road service. Before obvious damage such as obvious cracking (block,transverse, longitudinal ) and rutting emerge, inconspicuous distress (micro-cracks, polishing, pockmarked) is generated previously. These inconspicuous distresses may provide basis and criteria for pavement preventive maintenance. Currently most of preventive conservation measures are determined by experienced experts in maintenance and repair of road after site visits. Thus method is difficult in operation, and has a certain amount of instability as it is based on experience and personal knowledge. In this paper, camera and laser were used for automated high-speed acquisition images. Methods to preprocess pavement image are compared. The pretreatment method suitable for analyze micro-cracks picture is elected, an effective way to remove shadow is also proposed.
