Epigenetic Enabled Normal Human Cells, Lead to <i>First Cell</i>’s Unique Division System, Driving Tumorigenesis Evolution

Normal cells must become cancer-enabling before anything else occurs, according to latest literature. The goal in this mini-review is to demonstrate special tetraploidy in the enabling process. This we have shown from genomic damage, DDR (DNA Damage Response) activity with skip of mitosis leading to diploid G2 cells at the G1 border in need of chromatin repair for continued cell cycling to the special tetraploid division system. In several studies specific methylation transferase genes were activated in normal human cells in tissue fields, containing different cell growth stages of the cancerous process. Histology studies, in addition to molecular chemistry for identification of oncogenic mutational change, were a welcome change (see below). In a study on melanoma origin, DDR also showed arrested diploid cells regaining cycling from methylation transferase activity with causation of 2n melanocytes transforming to 4n melanoblasts, giving rise to epigenetic tumorigenesis enabled First Cells. Such First Cells were from Barrett’s esophagus shown to have inherited the unique division system from 4n diplochromosomal cells, first described in mouse ascites cancer cells (below). We discovered that the large nucleus prior to chromosomal division turned 90° relative to the cytoskeleton axis, and divided genome reductive to diploid, First Cells, in a perpendicular orientation to the surrounding normal cells they had originated from. This unique division system was herein shown to occur at metastasis stage, implying activity throughout the cancerous evolution. Another study showed 4-chromatid tetraploidy in development to B-cell lymphoma, and that such cancer cells also proliferated with participation of this unusual division system. Such participation has long been known from Bloom’s inherited syndrome with repair chiasmas between the four chromatids, also an in vitro observation by us. Our cytogenetic approach also revealed that they believed mitotic division in cancer cells is wrong because such cell divisions were found to be from an adaptation between amitosis and mitosis, called amitotic-mitosis. Amitosis means division without centrosomes, which has long been known from oral cancer cells, in that MOTCs (microtubule organizing center) were lacking centrioles. This observation calls for re-introduction of karyotype and cell division studies in cancer cell proliferation. It has high probability of contributing novel approaches to cancer control from screening of drugs against the amitotic-mitotic division apparatus.

俄英语中倍数增减的译法

在英语和俄语科技语体中 ,“增加 N倍和减少几分之几”经常出现 ,汉语译法根据不同语境而有所变化。本文通过分析其不同的表达方式 。

电力系统输电运行弹性空间建模与效益评估

电力负荷增长和新能源接入给电网安全、经济运行带来了新的挑战。为提高电网运行安全裕度,在更大空间内实现资源优化配置,需要在现有设备基础上,挖掘电网的电能输送潜力。为此,提出输电环节运行弹性空间的概念,以挖掘输电线路与联络线的运行弹性空间。文中提出两种提高输电运行弹性空间的方式及其建模方法:①基于转移分布因子,建立线路故障短时增容弹性模型;②基于互联外网静态等值模型,建立考虑外网运行约束的联络线调整弹性模型。在此基础上,提出考虑输电运行弹性空间的N-1安全经济调度优化模型。最后,通过IEEE 30节点与IEEE 9节点互联系统评估了输电运行弹性空间的效益。仿真表明,考虑输电运行弹性空间的调度方法相较于常规调度方法可有效提高风电消纳,降低电网运行成本。

基质金属蛋白酶-9抑制剂对犬体外循环肺损伤的影响

目的研究外源性基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)抑制剂多西环素(Doxycycline)对体外循环(CPB)引起肺损伤的保护作用。方法将20只健康杂种幼犬(体重10～12kg),采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组(n=10)和实验组(n=10);对照组:CPB前后不采取任何肺保护措施;实验组:CPB术前3d每天饲料拌食多西环素(30mg/kg体重)。采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血浆MMP-9浓度;监测两组犬血流动力学和呼吸参数,计算术前和术后肺泡-动脉氧分压差(A-aDO2)和呼吸指数(RI);比色法测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;考马斯亮蓝G-250法测定BALF总蛋白。CPB后,在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下观察肺组织形态学改变;计算肺组织干湿重系数(W/D)。结果两组犬血浆MMP-9浓度随CPB时间延长而显著增高,CBP150min和270min时实验组血浆中MMP-9含量较对照组显著下降(9.45±5.29ng/mlvs.18.66±5.90ng/ml,t=3.664,P=0.005;16.63±2.90ng/mlvs.26.17±5.96ng/ml,t=5.216,P=0.001)。实验组MPO活性,BALF中总蛋白浓度,肺组织W/D,术后A-aDO2和RI均较对照组均明显减低,差异有统计学意义(t=5.622,P=0.000;t=5.081,P=0.001;t=2.266,P=0.050;t=4.927,P=0.001;t=6.679,P=0.000)。肺组织病理和电子显微镜显示实验组损伤明显减轻。结论多西环素通过抑制MMP-9的分泌,降低细胞基底膜的降解,减轻肺泡白细胞浸润和肺水肿,可起到对肺的保护作用。

科技英语中倍数的译法

系统地归纳了科技英语文献中较为常见的涉及倍数增减的结构及其汉译表达方式。

科技英语中数量增减的译法

本文系统地归纳了在科技文献中常见的涉及到倍数增减的结构及其表达方式

缺血后处理对大鼠缺血-再灌注肺损伤血红素加氧酶-1表达的影响

目的观察缺血后处理（IPO）对大鼠肺缺血-再灌注损伤（IRI）期间血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）表达的影响，探讨其保护机制。方法48只成年SD大鼠，随机（随机数字法）分成6组（n=8）,假手术组（S组）；缺血-再灌注组（I/R组）：夹闭左肺门缺血45min,再灌注105min；缺血后处理组（IPQ组）：缺血后再灌注30s,停灌30s，反复3次，再恢复灌注102min;氯化高铁血红素（Hemin）＋缺血-再灌注组（ZnPPIX＋IPO组）：术前连续2d腹腔注射Hemin40junol/（kg·d）,余同I/R组；锌原卟啉K＋缺血后处理组（ZnPPK＋IPO组）：术前24h腹腔注射ZnPPIX20mg/（kg·d）,余同IPO组；氯化高铁血红素＋假手术组（HM＋S组）。测定各组肺组织HO-1蛋白表达水平、动脉血氧分压（Pa02）、肺组织湿/干质量比（W/D）和血清丙二醛（MDA）含量，观察肺组织病理变化。组间比较采用单因素方差分析，组内比较采用配对＊检验。结果1/R组肺组织HO-1蛋白表达（0.177±0.015）与S组和HM＋S组相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,但与IPO组（0.194士0.017）及HM＋I/R组（0.209±0.013）相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）o各实验组Pa02均显著低于S组（90±11）mmHg,IPO组和HM＋I/R组PaO2与1/11组相比较，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;I/R组较S组肺组织W/D、血清MDA含量升高，肺组织病理损伤严重，而IPO组和HM＋I/R组上述改变差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论早期短时程缺血后处理能明显减轻在体大鼠肺IRI,其作用机制与其上调HO-1蛋白表达及抑制脂质过氧化的损伤作用有关。