Effect of Agricultural Comprehensive Development on Increasing Income of Farmers in Jiangsu Hilly and Mountainous Areas

To adapt to rural and agricultural economic development,Jiangsu Province adjusted main task of comprehensive development of hilly and mountainous areas to supporting and promoting agricultural structural adjustment of hilly and mountainous areas and promoting increase of agricultural benefits and farmers' income. Through typical survey,this paper made an objective evaluation of effect of agricultural comprehensive development of hilly and mountainous areas in Jiangsu Province from increasing farmers' income. Results indicated that agricultural comprehensive development investment projects in Jiangsu hilly and mountainous areas are closely coupled with local agricultural production structure; financial funds promote social capital input to construction of economic forest,fruit and grass planting,and livestock raising. Through demonstration and guidance of farmers,it promoted adjustment of agricultural production structure and increased farmers' income. Finally,it came up with pertinent policy recommendations.

Increase of Income of Farmers and Herdsmen in Tibet in the New Period

The disposable income per capita of rural residents in Tibet was 7471 yuan in 2014. There is a high gap with the national average disposable income per capita of rural residents( 10489 yuan). Thus,it is urgent to increase income of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet. On the basis of literature in recent years,this paper analyzed methods for increasing income of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet,major factors restricting increase of their income,and approaches for increasing their income. It is expected to provide certain reference for further expanding ideas of increase of their income in the new period.

Analysis of Income Structure of Farmer (Herdsman) of the Tibet Autonomous Region

Based on the sampling data this paper analyzes income structure of farmer (herdsman) of the Tibet Autonomous Region, including source, characteristics and cash. Situation of income structures and income sources of the farmers in different areas (agricultural, animal husbandry areas and half agricultural and half animal husbandry areas etc. ) was approached. The following features were found through an analysis of surveyed data: (1) In Tibetan peasant household goods and products instead of money. disposable income and cash are very little. (2) The variety index of income is higher in the out skirt than it in rural, the index has a direct bearing on net income. (3) The income ways are simplistic and out-date in the poor households, they have no ability to resist and guard a-gainst any risk, it is very difficult to increase their receipts. (4) The living standard in agricultural areas is better than in pastoral areas, it is the worst in half agriculture and half animal husbandry areas.

Land Circulation and Increase of Farmers' Income: A Case Study of Dazhou City

With adjustment of rural industrial structure,development of rural secondary and tertiary industries,and transfer of rural labor,rural land circulation is accelerating. However,due to ideas,household contract responsibility system,and lack of well-established market mechanism and effective management organizations,land circulation in Dazhou is still very slow and its contribution to increase of farmers' income is to be improved. Through survey on increase of farmers' income after land circulation in Dazhou,it analyzed plight of land circulation,in the hope of seeking feasible paths for increasing farmers' income.

The Evolutive Law concerning Relationship between Economic Growth and Farmers' Income Increase in Xinjiang since the Reform and Opening-up:An Empirical Analysis of the VEC Model

We select the per capita gross domestic product and rural residents' per capita net income in Xinjiang as the indicator variables to measure economic growth and farmers' income increase in Xinjiang, respectively. We establish the cointegration equation, the vector error correction (VEC) model, and use the impulse response function to conduct empirical analysis of the evolutive law concerning relationship between economic growth and farmers' income increase in Xinjiang during the period 1978-2010. The results show that there is a cointegration relationship between economic growth in Xinjiang and farmers' income increase; the former plays an important role in promoting the latter, following the evolutive law "first intensify, then abate, intensify again, and finally become stable". We put the following policy recommendations: providing preferential policies for farmers, scientifically and rationally guiding the transfer of rural labor; improving the function of agriculture, increasing the proportion of non-farm income; gradually bridging the widening income gap between urban and rural areas, coordinating urban and rural development.

Study on Countermeasures for Increasing Income of Herdsman in Western Ethnic Minority Areas——A Case Study of Evenki Autonomous Banner

Taking typical western ethnic pastoral area-Evenki Autonomous Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example,this article analyses the factors restricting income increase of herdsman penetratingly as follows:the growth in revenue of animal husbandry in pastoral area is limited by ecology;the infrastructure construction in pastoral area lags behind,and the development of animal husbandry is still sluggish;the overall level of industrialization operation of agriculture and animal husbandry is not high;the employment structure of herdsman is simple,and the channel of income increase is narrow;the transfer of labor forces in pastoral area shows " pumping-like transfer" ;herdsmen enjoy few national policies of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers,and the policy support is short.On the basis of the actual situation in western ethnic minority areas,following countermeasures and proposals are put forward for increasing herdsman's income:transform the mode of production and operation,enhance the organization degree of the majority of herdsmen;improve infrastructure conditions,and promote comprehensive production capacity of agriculture and animal husbandry;quicken pace of industrialization,strengthen the construction of technology support and service system;speed up human capital accumulation rate of herdsman,improve self-development ability of herdsman;propel transformation of production pattern of animal husbandry,innovate ecological protection construction mechanism;increase subsidies for animal husbandry,pastoral area and herdsman in western ethnic minority areas,strengthen policy implementation.

Advances in Studies of Increase of Farmers' Income

The issue concerning increase of farmers' income is always a hot spot from central to local areas. Scholars of economics,sociology,and history have made extensive theoretical and empirical studies on this and relevant achievements are abundant. This paper firstly summarized relevant literature research achievements of domestic and foreign scholars. From various agricultural supporting and benefiting policies of central and local government in recent years,it found out major factors restricting growth of farmers' income. From economic development rules,combining theories of regional comparative advantages,agricultural development and regional economic development,it is expected to solve problems in increase of farmers' income,and realize scientific policies and management,accurate strategies,advanced and feasible decisions. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for increasing farmers' income.

Study on Increase of Farmers' Income in Tibet from an Ecological Tourism Perspective——A Case Study of Puqu Town in Nyingchi County

Based on investigation data of farmers＇ income in Puqu Town, Nyingchi County during 2008 -2013, sources of farmers＇ income and effects of ecological tourism on increase of farmers＇ income in Puqu Town were analyzed. The results show that crop farming and animal husbandry are still main sources of increase of farmers＇ income, and ecological tourism has played increasingly important roles in increase of farmers＇ income; household productive management income is dominant but increases slowly, but household service management income increases rapidly; all kinds of subsidies also contribute to increase of farmers＇ income; ecological tourism and increase of farmers＇ income show rational retum trends to a cer- tain degree; because of shortcomings in tourism management, ecological tourism in Puqu Town develops slowly; the overall development of ecolog- ical tourism is not consistent with increase of farmers＇ income.

Comfortable Housing Projects for Tibetan Farmers and Herdsmen from the Perspective of Poverty Alleviation

Through questionnaire survey and field interview of farmers and herdsmen,this paper studied the comfortable housing projects implemented since 2006 in Namling County of Shigatse City.Taking the comfortable housing projects in Namling County as an example,this paper elaborated the relationship between the poverty alleviation and the comfortable housing projects for farmers and herdsmen and discussed the necessities for implementing comfortable housing projects in the context of the poverty alleviation.There are some problems at the same time of social,economic and ecological benefits of implementing the comfortable housing projects for farmers and herdsmen.Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for strengthening and improving the construction of comfortable housing projects in Namling County.

Study on Circulation and Management of Rural Land Use Right

Currently,agriculture and rural economy have entered a new development stage. According to market demands and comparative advantages of regional resources,strategic adjustment of agricultural structure and realizing transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture have become primary tasks. Land is the essential element of agricultural production,making innovation upon rural land use system and establishing flexible and effective land circulation system concern efficiency and optimization of agricultural resource allocation and development of rural element market. With more and more farmers engaged in secondary and tertiary industries,land left by those farmers is circulated to those farmers willing to do farming. Rural land circulation is inevitable trend of economic and social development,but it is a progressive process. To realize smooth rural land circulation,there must be standardized system.

Expansion Strategy of Agricultural Industrial Chain of Suburban Villages and Towns in the Process of Urbanization——A Case Study of Yongle Town in Nanming District of Guiyang City

On the basis of introducing the connotation of agricultural industrial chain, taking Yongle Town in Nanming District of Guiyang City as an example, this paper analyzes the advantages and constraint factors of the suburban villages and towns in the process of expanding agricultural industrial chain in the context of urbanization. Corresponding strategies of expanding the agricultural industrial chain of Yongle Town in the process of urbanization as follows: vigorously develop the leading enterprises; strengthen the construction of farmers' specialized cooperatives and agricultural associations; build and perfect agricultural industrial chain organizations; set up the public information platform; rely on the food industrial park to propel the deep processing of agricultural products; vigorously develop the logistics of agricultural products; promote the development of operation model of "brand+ standard+ scale"; vigorously develop ecology-oriented rural tourism; give full play to the functional role of the government.

农业产业化联合体:理论机制及发展趋势

农业产业化联合体是近年来兴起的一种以分工协作为前提,以规模经营为依托,以利益联结为纽带的新型农业产业化组织。但由于发展时间短和组织形态特殊等原因,理论研究和实践探索对农业产业化联合体性质的认识和发展规律的把握尚不清晰。笔者通过对农业产业化联合体组织特征、运行机制、功能作用及发展趋势的剖析认为,农业产业化联合体是具有联盟性质的合作经济组织,其成员异质性程度高,组织架构呈现立体式,治理方式具有关系保障+章程管理+合约约束的多元重叠特征。相较于其他农业产业化组织,农业产业化联合体内部主体联结更为紧密,要素流通效率更高,创新机制更容易与新模式、新技术、新业态相结合,在保障粮食安全、提高食品质量安全水平、推动农业发展方式绿色化转型、促进乡村兴旺和实现共同富裕等方面具有独特功能。针对当前农业产业化联合体发展状况,政府应重点在法人地位落实、小农户偏向机制和针对性政策扶持等方面进一步完善相关法规,以促进农业产业化联合体更好服务农业现代化建设。

数字乡村建设赋能农牧民增收效应研究:基于西藏县域数据的实证检验

基于2019—2020年西藏65个县域数字乡村指数数据,实证检验了西藏县域数字乡村建设赋能农牧民增收效应。结果表明:(1)数字乡村建设对西藏县域农牧民收入具有正向影响;数字基础设施、乡村经济数字化、乡村治理数字化对西藏县域农牧民收入具有显著正向影响,且乡村经济数字化的影响效应最大,乡村生活数字化对农牧民收入的影响效应不显著。(2)异质性分析结果显示,随着时间的推移,数字乡村指数不断提高,对农牧民增收的促进效应不断提升;非边境县数字乡村建设对西藏农牧民的收入效应显著为正,边境县影响效应不显著;农区县和半农半牧县数字乡村建设对西藏农牧民增收的影响效应具有积极促进作用,且农区县的促进作用更大,而牧区县影响效应不显著。

统防统治对茶农农药减量的影响研究:基于福建和浙江的实证分析

病虫害统防统治能带动农药大面积减量增效,对推进农业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于福建省与浙江省530户茶叶种植户的微观调查数据,采用内生转换模型实证分析了茶农采纳统防统治对农药使用行为的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)茶农统防统治的采纳受到不同因素的影响,茶农年龄越小、身体健康状况越差,越偏好风险和越倾向于采纳统防统治。(2)统防统治的采纳能够显著减少茶农的农药使用量。若已采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会增加31.02%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农采纳统防统治,其每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会下降12.32%。(3)统防统治的采纳能够显著增加茶农的收入。若采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将下降59.23%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农能够采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将增加32.60%。研究结论对农户采纳统防统治、实现农药减量、推动现代农业绿色高质量发展、实现农户增收具有重要意义。

数字新质生产力与农民增收:理论分析与经验证据

发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点,提升数字新质生产力对农民持续增收有着重要影响。基于2012—2022年我国30个省份数据,构建固定效应模型和空间杜宾模型,从理论和实证的角度探究数字新质生产力对农民增收的影响、作用机制和空间溢出效应。研究发现数字新质生产力显著促进农民收入水平提升,经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;作用机制检验结果表明,数字新质生产力能通过农民创业活跃度、城镇化水平、非农就业规模三种渠道显著增加农民收入水平;异质性分析显示,数字新质生产力对经济欠发达地区、低物质资本和低人力资本的农民收入水平具有较强的正向促进作用;进一步研究发现,数字新质生产力对农民增收的影响具有空间溢出效应。基于此,提出发展数字农业,推动数字要素赋能数字新质生产力形成;推进“数商兴农”,释放数字新质生产力的增收效应;制定动态差异化发展标准,发挥数字新质生产力空间溢出效应。

新发展阶段粮食安全与农民增收路径

运用2010-2021年我国26个省份的面板数据,以粮食产量为产出变量,以劳动力、资本、水资源、土地资源、农药、化肥为投入变量,计算粮食生产效率,运用回归模型分析粮食生产效率对农民收入的影响。回归分析结果显示粮食生产效率对农民收入具有正的影响,据此提出降低农业生产成本、促进城镇化与农业现代化协同发展、优化财政支农形式等建议,以提高粮食生产效率,促进农民增收。

促进农民持续增收:主要瓶颈、实现路径与政策优化

自党的十八大以来,一系列强农惠农富农的利好举措促使农民收入持续增长。进一步促进农民持续增收,仍然是当前“三农”问题研究的焦点话题,需要充分认识农民收入增长的特征和趋势并分析促进农民持续增收的主要瓶颈,提出促进农民增收的实现路径和政策优化。近年来,农民收入持续增长,但增速放缓;农民收入总体增速较快,但低收入家庭增速较慢;城乡收入差距缩小,但收入差距绝对量大;农民收入增速高于国内生产总值增速,但地区发展不平衡。农民持续增收仍存在农民务工增长乏力、农业生产经营效益不高、农业专业化产业化程度偏低、农业生产性配套服务不足等主要瓶颈。基于此,促进农民持续增收,应保障农民稳定务工就业、优化要素配置提升农业经营收益、提升农业专业化产业化水平、推动农业生产性配套服务升级,并进一步优化农民创业就业政策、乡村产业发展政策、农业支持保护政策、农村土地改革政策。

北京市农民增收途径与典型案例分析

以北京市为研究对象,结合数据分析北京市农民收入现状。结果表明:2015—2021年,北京市乡村常住人口收入逐渐可观,但是乡村空心化、乡村居民家庭恩格尔系数不稳定、乡村居民收入增幅不明显等问题仍然存在。为实现农民增收,应发展都市型现代农业、完善农村劳动力就业体系、提升社会保障水平、推进教育城乡一体化、促进科技成果转化落地、发展完善农民培训、优化农产品流通体系、打造特色产业。

农村低收入人口增收:困难挑战与促进对策

增加农民收入是“三农”工作的中心任务,防止规模性返贫是全面推进乡村振兴的底线任务。通过对现有文献的梳理和对近年来农民增收形势的分析发现:多年来,在农民收入持续较快增长的同时,农村低收入人口增收更快,这为打赢脱贫攻坚战做出了重要贡献。但是,近两年,农村低收入人口增收放缓、困难加大的问题凸显,促进农村低收入人口增收的重要性、紧迫性明显增加。在此基础上,从增收难度和减收风险等角度,分析了当前乃至今后促进农村低收入人口增收面临的困难与挑战,并从推进帮扶机制建设、加强能力培训、创新发展机制、推动产业融合发展、完善公共服务支持、提振发展信心等方面提出促进农村低收入人口增收的对策建议。

数字创业助力农民增收的理论模型、典型案例和政策建议

随着数字技术的快速发展,以数字技术与创业活动交叉融合为特点的数字创业为农村发展带来了新机遇。数字创业作为农村创业发展的新形态,是实施乡村振兴战略和巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的重要途径,它具有数字性、包容性、内生性和示范性等鲜明特征。农村数字创业是以乡村振兴战略的引领、农民增收致富的需要和数字技术发展的推动为动因,以创业主体、中介载体和支撑体系为其核心要素,通过三大核心要素的深度融合,形成良好的数字创业生态环境,以创业促进农民实现增收的目标。进一步推进数字创业助力农民增收,应加强创业主体的能力建设、优化中介载体的服务功能,完善支撑体系的内容结构,促进三大要素的协同发展,让数字创业惠及更多农民。