森林凋落物层的节肢动物与森林健康的关系

森林凋落物层的节肢动物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,与森林健康关系密切。基于凋落物层的节肢动物的生态功能、群落结构组成和生物学特性,简要概述其作为指示生物的理论基础;主要选取弹尾目弹尾虫、鞘翅目步甲和膜翅目蚂蚁等节肢动物的生态特性、均匀度和丰富度等生物多样性指标,讨论凋落物层的节肢动物与森林健康间的密切关系;总结适宜作为指示生物的主要节肢动物类群,包括9目、12科,及其在森林生态系统中的生态功能;介绍最新的选择用于评价森林健康指示生物的方法-IndVal法,该方法通过比较不同生境间物种频率高低评价森林健康状况,简便易行、准确度高。同时,以凋落物层的节肢动物作为指示生物评价热带雨林的生态环境为案例进行分析,并指出以森林凋落物层的节肢动物作为指示生物监测和评价森林健康所存在的问题,提出利用多种指示物种建立综合指标的建议。

放牧对内蒙古典型草原粪金龟子群落的影响

为阐明放牧对粪金龟子群落的影响,于2004年5-9月,选择内蒙古典型草原不同放牧强度(无放牧、适度放牧和过度放牧)草地为样地,采用诱捕法采集粪金龟子标本,分析了放牧对粪金龟子群落的影响。结果表明:共捕获粪金龟子60839头,隶属于3科5属24种。放牧影响下,粪金龟子群落个体数、种数和生物量均发生显著变化,不同粪金龟子对放牧的敏感性不同,并具有明显的季节特征。Pearson相关分析表明,春季粪金龟子群落个体数、生物量、种数以及符号蜉金龟Aphodius comma和马粪蜉金龟Aphodius subterraneus个体数与放牧强度提高之间存在显著负相关关系;夏季粪金龟子群落种数和叉角粪金龟Ceratophyus polyceros个体数与放牧强度提高也呈显著负相关;秋季粪金龟子群落生物量和种数以及费氏粪金龟Ceratophyus fischeri、墨侧裸蜣螂Gymnopleurus mopsus和小驼嗡蜣螂Onthophagus gibbulus个体数与放牧强度提高之间存在显著正相关关系。依据体长、体重和行为特征,将粪金龟子划分为4个功能群,放牧对体型较小的功能群Ⅲ和Ⅳ的影响较显著。指示值计算结果表明,费氏粪金龟、毛蜉金龟Aphodius scofa和马粪蜉金龟可以作为不同放牧强度草地的特征指示种。

Relationship between Arthropods in Forest Litter and Forest Health

As an important part in forest ecosystems, the arthropod communities in the forest litter are closely related to forest health.Based on the ecological function,community structure and biology of the arthropods,we discuss the theoretical basis for the selection of particular groups of arthropods as bio-indicators in this paper,and suggest that the evenness and richness of Collembola(Collembolan), Coleoptera(Beetle) and Hymenoptera(Ant) can serve as forest health indicators.In terms of the relationship between forest litter arthropods and forest health,we summarize the main groups of forest litter arthropods suitable as bio-indicators and their ecological functions in forest ecosystems,and subsequently introduce a simple and accurate new method for selecting forest health indicator species by comparing the frequencies of the various species in different habitats.This method was tested with a real case using forest litter arthropods as a bio- indicator to evaluate rain forest health.Finally,the problems in using forest litter arthropods to evaluate and monitor forest habitat health are discussed and the use of multiple bio-indicator species in order to establish a balanced index system is recommended.