Study on Independent Supervision Function of Design Assurance System

The effective operation of a design assurance system cannot be achieved without the effective performance of the independent supervision function.As one of the core functions of the design assurance system,the purpose of the independent supervision function is to ensure that the system operates within the scope of procedures and manuals.At present,the function of independent supervision is a difficult and confusing issue for various original equipment manufacturers as well as suppliers,and there is an urgent requirement to put forward relevant requirements and form relevant methods.Based on the above mentioned objective,the basic requirements of the independent supervision function of design assurance system were studied,the problems and deficiencies in the organization,staffing,and methods existing in the current independent supervision function were analyzed,the improvement suggestions and measures for the performance of the independent supervision function from the aspects of the organization,staffing,procedures,and suppliers were put forward.The present work and conclusions provide guidance and direction for the effective operation of the design assurance system.

Three Dimensional Kinematics Analysis of the Independent Suspension Multibody System

Based on the theory of multibody system dynamics, the spatial kinematics analysis of the Mcpherson independent suspension widely used in the car was carried out. A practical and simpler method was provided to reduce the number of the generalized coordinates and constraint functions. By solving the nonlinear equations, the motion of any points in the whole suspension and wheel system can be predicted, including the spatial changes of the wheel alignment parameters which are of great importance to the car performances.

Research on Vehicle Control Technology Using Four-Wheel Independent Steering System

The enhancement of vehicle handling stability and maneuverability through active and independent rear wheels control is presented. Firstly, the configuration of four-wheel independent steering prototype vehide is introduced briefly. Then the concrete overall design of the electronic controllers of four wheel independent steering system （4WIS） is formulated in details. Under the control strategy of zero sideslip angle at mass center, the mathematical model of 4WIS is established to deduce the equations of separated rear wheel steering angles. According to these equations, simulation analysis for 4WIS vehicle performances is finished to show that 4WIS vehicle can improve the maneuverability greatly at low speed and increase the handling stability at high speed. Finally, the road test of 4WIS vehide has performed to verify the correctness of simulation and show that compared with the conventional four wheel steering （4WS） vehicle, the 4WIS vehicle not only improves the kinematical harmony but also decreases steering resistance and lighten abrasion of tires.

Independent component analysis approach for fault diagnosis of condenser system in thermal power plant

A statistical signal processing technique was proposed and verified as independent component analysis(ICA) for fault detection and diagnosis of industrial systems without exact and detailed model.Actually,the aim is to utilize system as a black box.The system studied is condenser system of one of MAPNA's power plants.At first,principal component analysis(PCA) approach was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the real acquired data set and to identify the essential and useful ones.Then,the fault sources were diagnosed by ICA technique.The results show that ICA approach is valid and effective for faults detection and diagnosis even in noisy states,and it can distinguish main factors of abnormality among many diverse parts of a power plant's condenser system.This selectivity problem is left unsolved in many plants,because the main factors often become unnoticed by fault expansion through other parts of the plants.

Independent Component Analysis Based Blind Adaptive Interference Reduction and Symbol Recovery for OFDM Systems

To overcome the inter-carrier interference （ICI） of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems subject to unknown carrier frequency offset （CFO） and multipath, this paper develops a blind adaptive interference suppression scheme based on independent component analysis （ICA）. Taking into account statistical independence of subcarriers＇ signals of OFDM, the signal recovery mechanism is investigated to achieve the goal of blind equalization. The received OFDM signals can be considered as the mixed observation signals. The effect of CFO and multipath corresponds to the mixing matrix in the problem of blind source separation （BSS） framework. In this paper, the ICA- based OFDM system model is built, and the proposed ICA-based detector is exploited to extract source signals from the observation of a received mixture based on the assumption of statistical independence between the sources. The blind separation technique can increase spectral efficiency and provide robustness performance against erroneous parameter estimation problem. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that compared with the conventional pilot-based scheme, the improved performance of OFDM systems is obtained by the proposed ICA-based detection technique.

CONTROLLABILITY OF DELAY DEGENERATE CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH INDEPENDENT SUBSYSTEMS

The controllability of delay degenerate differential control systems is discussed. Firstly, delay degenerate differential control system was transformed to be canonical form, and the connected terms were gotten rid of, had delay degenerate differential control systems with independent subsystems. For the general delay degenerate differnetial control systems, it was gotten that the necessary and sufficient condition of that they are controllable is that their reachable set is equal to the whole space. For the delay degenerate differential control systems with independent subsystems, it was gotten that the necessary and sufficient conditions of that they are controllable are that their reachable sets are equal to their corresponding subspaces. Then some algebra criteria were gotten. Finally, an example was given to illustrate the main results.

Independent Cycle Time Assignment for Min-max Systems

A variety of problems in digital circuits, computer networks, automated manufacturing plants, etc., can be modeled as min-max systems. The cycle time is an important performance metric of such systems. In this paper, we focus on the cycle time assignment of minimax systems which corresponds to the pole assignment problem in traditional linear control systems. For the min- max system with max-plus inputs and outputs, we show that the cycle time can be assigned disjointedly by a state feedback, if and only if the system is reachable. Furthermore, a necessary and sufficient condition for the cycle time to be assigned independently by a state feedback is given. The methods are constructive, and some numerical examples are given to illustrate how the methods work in practice.

Optimal gear shift control strategy for positive independent mechanical split path transmission with automatic shift system

An improvement strategy which controls the shift effort and the power summing planetary gear set of steering clutches and brakes have been proposed based on the dynamic model of synchroniser in order to decrease the wear of synchroniser inserts, make gear shift easy and reduce the shock noise for a positive independent mechanical split path transmission which attached an auto- matic shift system when shifting. A kinetics model for the process of synchroniser engagement is built and analyzed in the paper. Thus for optimizing the gear shift process which is divided into three phases a model reference fuzzy self-adaption system is adopted. Through a 6 000 km road experiment, the control strategy has proved feasible and dependable.

Delay-independent robust guaranteed-cost control for uncertain linear neutral systems

This article concerns the delay-independent guaranteed-cost control problem via memoryless state feedback for a class of neutral-type systems with structural uncertainty and a given quadratic cost function. New delay-independent conditions for the existence of the guaranteed-cost controller are presented in the term of LMIs. An algorithm involving optimization is proposed to design a controller achieving an optimal guaranteed-cost, such that, the system can be stabilized for all admissible uncertainties. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

Simulation Analysis of Characteristics for Independent Metering Control System Based on Downstream Compensation

Aiming at the shortcomings of the separate meter in and separate meter out?hydraulic system, a new type of independent metering control system is proposed by referring to the principle of load-sensing system. The valve group unit in the system is designed, and the AMESim/Matlab cosimulation model of the component and system is established. The actuator speed control, energy consumption and anti-flow saturation characteristics of the system are discussed. The simulation result shows that the system proposed in this article can achieve?better performances.

The Study on the (L,M)-Fuzzy Independent Set Systems

Independent sets play an important role in matroid theory. In this paper, the definitions of pre-independent fuzzy set system and independent fuzzy set system in L-fuzzy setting are presented. Independent M-fuzzifying set system is introduced and some of its properties are discussed. Further independent (L,M)-fuzzy set system is given and some of its properties are obtained. The relations of these independent set systems in the setting of fuzzy vector spaces and fuzzy graphs are showed.

On Delay-independent Stability Criteria for Linear Time-delay Systems

Several LMI representations for delay-independence stability are proposed by applying Projection Lemma and the socalled ＂Small Scalar Method＂. These criteria realize the elimination of the products coupling the system matrices and Lyapunov matrices by introducing some additional matrices. When they are applied to robust stability analysis for polytopic uncertain systems, the vertex-dependent Lyapunov functions are allowed, so less conservative results can be obtained. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the effect of these proposed criteria.

Control performance and energy saving of multi-level pressure switching control system based on independent metering control

Aiming at the problem of large energy consumption in hydraulic control system with large load and variable working conditions,based on the multi-level pressure switching control system(MPSCS),a multi-level pressure switching control system based on independent metering control is proposed combined with the independent metering control technology.The configuration principle of the system is given,the mathematical model of this system is established,and the control strategy of the system under 4 different working quadrants is put forward.Finally,the control performance and energy saving characteristics of the system are tested.The test results show that the switching of high and low pressure power supply has a certain effect on the response of step position and ramp position under impedance working condition.The displacement curves show slow climbing or abrupt change of ramp position,and the position accuracy is less than 1 mm.The multi-level pressure switching control system based on independent metering control can recover and store energy under the transcendence working conditions.The control accuracy is about 1 mm,and the energy recovery rate is about 70%~80%.

An Integrated Control Framework for Torque Vectoring and Active Suspension System

Four-wheel independently driven electric vehicles(FWID-EV)endow a flexible and scalable control framework to improve vehicle performance.This paper integrates the torque vectoring and active suspension system(ASS)to enhance the vehicle’s longitudinal and vertical motion control performance.While the nonlinear characteristic of the tire model leads to a relatively heavier computational burden.To facilitate the controller design and ease the load,a half-vehicle dynamics system is built and simplified to the linear-time-varying(LTV)model.Then a model predictive controller is developed by formulating the objective function by comprehensively considering the safety,energy-saving and comfort requirements.The in-wheel motor efficiency and the power loss of tire slip are treated as optimization indices in this work to reduce energy consumption.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through the rapid-control-prototype(RCP)test.The results demonstrate the enhancement of the energy-saving as well as comfort on the basis of vehicle stability.

Removal of jamming using independent component analysis in non-cooperative passive detection system

Due to electronic jamming transmitted by hostile electromc jamming equtpmcnts tional jamming from other illuminating sources in the complex electromagnetic environment, the per- formance of non-cooperative passive detection systems may degrade it significantly. To solve the problem, a receiving frame with multiple channels for signal preprocessing is designed and a theoret- ical analysis to the received signals in the complex electromagnetic environment is provided. Fur- thermore, a scheme for jamming removal using independent component analysis is proposed. Simula- tion results demonstrate the proposed scheme appears as a very appealing solution for removal of jam- ming and an approximate lOdB signal to distortion ratio over traditional schemes is obtained.

Does the system of independent directors help improve the quality of accounting information： From the perspective of earnings conservatism

Based on the sample data of the listed firms on the A stock market, we analyze how the system of independent directors influence the earning conservatism from 4 dimensions designed to measure the monitoring power of these independent directors： Percentage within BDs, professional capacities, stimulation and work conditions. From the empirical results, we conclude that the more powerful of the independent directors, the better the accounting conservatism, and that their positive impact increases along with the improvement on corporate governance, meanwhile the work conditions plays the most important role, and then are the percentage within BDs and their professional capacities, the stimulation and personal reputation appear the least importance.

Chinese Specific Independent Auditing Standard No.20 —Auditing in a Computer Information Systems Environment

Chapter 1 General provisionsArticle2The term“CIS environment”in this standard refers to an environment where a computer is involved in the processing of accounting information significant to the CPA’s audit.Chapter 2 General principlesArticle 4When performing an audit of the financial statements in a CIS environment,the CPA should consider the environment’s impact on the audit.However,the CPA should not change the objective and scope of the audit.

Study on the Current Implementation Situation of the Independent Director System in China＇s Listed Companies

The independent director system, as an effective measure to improve the corporation governance structure of China＇ s listed companies, is focused by more and more people at the capital market. In this paper, the proportion of independent directors in the board of directors, and the actual condition, compensation, and duties performing of independent directors are analyzed by taking A-share listed companies in Shanghai Stock Exchange as an example, so that the current implementation situation of the independent director system in China＇ s listed companies is analyzed deeply through the empirical method. Finally, suggestions for its imorovement are orooosed.

Cosmology-Independent Photon Mass Limits from Localized Fast Radio Bursts by Using Artificial Neural Networks

A hypothetical photon mass m_(γ) can produce a frequency-dependent vacuum dispersion of light, which leads to an additional time delay between photons with different frequencies when they propagate through a fixed distance. The dispersion measure and redshift measurements of fast radio bursts(FRBs) have been widely used to constrain the rest mass of the photon. However, all current studies analyzed the effect of the frequency-dependent dispersion for massive photons in the standard ΛCDM cosmological context. In order to alleviate the circularity problem induced by the presumption of a specific cosmological model based on the fundamental postulate of the masslessness of photons, here we employ a new model-independent smoothing technique, artificial neural network(ANN), to reconstruct the Hubble parameter H(z) function from 34 cosmic-chronometer measurements.By combining observations of 32 well-localized FRBs and the H(z) function reconstructed by ANN, we obtain an upper limit of m_(γ) ≤ 3.5 × 10^(-51)kg, or equivalently m_(γ) ≤ 2.0 × 10^(-15)eV/c^(2)(m_(γ) ≤ 6.5 × 10^(-51)kg, or equivalently m_(γ) ≤ 3.6 × 10^(-15)eV/c_(2)) at the 1σ(2σ) confidence level. This is the first cosmology-independent photon mass limit derived from extragalactic sources.