Design of a Modularized Automatic Measurement and Control System for LaserInduced Breakdown Spectrometer

In order to improve the compatibility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy( LIBS) instrument for different types of parts and optimize the analysis and testing processes,a modularized automatic measurement and control system was developed. Based on the characteristics of each LIBS component, the following development steps have been performed:( 1) a summary of characteristic parameters of the component are established;( 2) the integration mechanism of multiple electrical interfaces is designed;( 3) the component control instruction library is developed. The experimental results indicate that the measurement and control system is compatible with most LIBS parts in the market.Spectrometer and laser can be compatible with at least three different types of parts. In addition,a multilayer iterative testing process is designed to improve the efficiency of optimization process of LIBS parameters. The experimental results have shown that the automatic optimization of the delay time compared to the manual testing provides significant gain in testing efficiency. The range of delay time in the experiments is 1. 28 to 10. 28 μs and the step value is 1,0. 5,0. 2 and 0. 1 μs. The gain in testing efficiency has been found to be increased by 73. 76%,75. 93%,78. 81% and 80. 42%,respectively.

Monitoring and Measuring Event Decision-Making Process Using Key Performance Indicators： Evidence From Italian Cruise Terminals

This paper investigates the control systems and coordination mechanisms applied in the relationships between cruise line companies and terminal concessionaires in the cruise events management when the ships are stopping on the quay. Using a case study methodology and focusing on the Italian context, this exploratory study, through a qualitative approach, interviewed two main cruise terminal concessionaires and indirectly observed events planned by cruise companies in sea ports selected for outlining the role of control systems, coordination, and knowledge sharing between the players in cruise events decision-making processes. The first results show that the cruise event management processes on ship berthing and on terminal are separated. The cruise companies don＇t involve terminal concessionaires in the event organization considering them only service suppliers Also, the concessionaires conceive the events planned in the cruise infrastructures as a business unit to optimize the space use, without any forms of coordination or control with cruise companies. Knowledge sharing, coordination, and control among the two players could support the planning, and management of ＂new cruise events＂ in which the visitors may be led from the infrastructure to the ships stopped on the quay. This study offers a set of key performance indicators to support the management, control, and coordination of each inter-organizational relationship identified. Managerial implications and suggestions for improving cruise events management have been provided.

Automatic measurement of air-pressure sensor based on two-pressure control instrument

To measure the performance of high precision air-pressure sensors in below normal pressure,an automatic measurement instrument has been designed and implemented.It can simulate environment of low pressure from 300hPa to 1 000hPa with high accuracy by proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control quickly,and it can also generate various relative humidity by two-pressure control.The results show that this instrument can reach controlled pressure quickly.And it works well with the minimum average pressure difference,and the fluctuation is±0.02hPa at 500hPa.And it can keep in a stable status for a long time.It works well in performance testing of pressure sensors.The structure of the system is simple,takes small investment,and can be operated conveniently.

Performance Analysis of Automated Control System for Condenser Water Treatment Unit

The air conditioning system in the Umm Al-Qura University (Albdiya Campus) was conceived to be a district cooling by a remote chilled water plant. Recently, there are two chilled water plants in the university installed strategically to provide chilled water to all the academic and administrative buildings of the university through distribution network with total capacity approximately of 12,000 tons of refrigeration. The plants were built based on cooling towers with open water cycle as heat rejection system. Water treatment chemicals has been used to protect the cooling systems from corrosion, scaling and microbiological fouling accompanied with dissolved and suspended water impurities. Different methods are being used to determine and control the treatment chemical concentrations and system performance indicators. Traditional chemical controller has drawback of indirect measurements and set points. The purpose of this paper is to present a solution to overcome the problems of traditional and conventional chemical treatment and control sys-tems. Central cooling plant number (1) assigned to perform experimental setup using new chemical treatment technology. Advanced automatic chemical treatment controller installed on condensers (1, 2 and 3), and certain key performance indicators were selected and monitored such as chemical and water consumption, power, energy saving, and maintaining system integrity and efficiency. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of performance and cost of operation.

An Automatic Synchronization Method for Distributed Power Electronics System

Currently, the high-speed serial fiber-optic ring net communication is a main method for performing the distributed control network topology and control mode. Because of a network transmission delay inherent in the topology, synchronization between nodes has become a critical issue which needs to be studied. The existing synchronization methods largely depend on the complex communication protocol. Therefore, this paper has proposed a method of automatic measurement and compensation of synchronization delay, and analyzed its operating principle and implementation procedure in detail. The results obtained from the experiments prove the proposed method to be correct, effective and practicable.

PACSYSTEM型重介质工艺参数自动测控系统在临涣选煤厂的应用

介绍了PACSYSTEM型重介质工艺参数自动测控系统的组成、控制原理和现场使用效果;重点分析了该系统对合格悬浮液密度、分流、悬浮液桶液位及悬浮液入口压力的测控原理和方法;实践表明该系统控制合理,操作简单,控制精度高。

Study on Factors Influencing the Quality of Automatic Monitoring Data of Pollution Sources and Technical Assurance Measures

Automatic monitoring data of pollution sources is an important basis for environmental supervision and management.At present,it is difficult to guarantee the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources,and it is difficult to play the role of the monitoring data.In response to this problem,the factors influencing the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources were analyzed in detail,and technical assurance measures for the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources in Shandong Province were studied.Besides,the dynamic management and control idea of automatic monitoring of pollution sources was proposed,and specific technical measures were analyzed from five aspects of standardizing automatic monitoring equipment of pollution sources,improving the data collection and transmission system,establishing a mechanism for reporting operating status information of monitoring equipment,setting alarm rules and alarm processing procedures,and statistically analyzing the operating status of the equipment.Practice has proved that the dynamic management and control system can effectively ensure the quality of automatic monitoring data of pollution sources.

Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

血液成分质控关键指标趋势分析方法的研究

目的探讨运用趋势分析的方法在血液质量控制中对血液成分关键指标进行评价。方法选取2023年1—12月贵州省血液中心采集和制备且抽检频次为每月1次的全血及成分血的质控数据,挑选与临床输血疗效相关的指标,采用图表结合界限设置的形式进行趋势分析。结果未能100%符合《全血及成分血质量要求》的关键指标有红细胞比容(hematocrit,Hct)、Ⅷ因子含量、血浆蛋白含量、血小板计数,但其每月质控抽检的数据结果满足符合率75%的质控范围;病毒灭活冰冻血浆亚甲蓝残留量项目质控抽检结果曲线距警戒限较远;单采血小板血小板含量项目有8次偏离数据(警戒限),冷沉淀凝血因子有5次偏离数据(警戒限)。结论依据不同血液成分选取相应关键指标进行连续性趋势分析,是及时发现异常、监测采供血过程稳定性的一种参考方法。

基于PLC的自动测流机器人系统设计

针对当前河道测流存在的效率和自动化程度较低、测量模式单一等问题,提出了一套基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的河道自动测流机器人系统设计与实现方案。该机器人系统由运动系统、采集系统、人机交互以及远程通信四大模块组成。首先,设计了自动测流机器人系统的硬件结构,实现了自动测流机器人在河流轨道上运动、铅鱼收放等功能。然后,开发了基于PLC的测控系统,设计了PLC梯形图和硬件连接方案,实现了自动测流机器人运动控制。最后,自动测流机器人系统通过RS-485通信协议将多传感器采集的数据传输到操控屏,结合4G远程技术,实现了采集数据和操作指令的远程传输。通过现场模拟的采集测试,该机器人系统可实现自动测流、远程操控、故障自检等功能,并提供多种测量模式,满足河道测流的使用需求。该系统的设计为开展智能化河流数据采集的研究奠定了基础。

结缔组织病相关间质性肺病的随机对照试验结局指标现状分析

目的 研究结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD-ILD)的随机对照试验结局指标应用现状。方法 检索中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、Pub Med、EMbase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science核心合集数据库、Scoups等数据库,及ClinicalTrials.gov、中国临床试验注册中心中明确诊断为CTD-ILD的随机对照试验,检索时间为各数据库建库至2023年1月。筛选文献并提取相关资料,整理CTD-ILD采用的临床结局指标,对其应用频次和频率进行描述性分析,对其在临床试验中的价值及意义进行讨论。结果 共纳入相关文献36篇,包括5种不同类型的CTD-ILD,68种结局指标。参照功能属性将其分为7个指标域,其中理化检查指标种类与频次最高。结局指标使用频次率最高的为用力肺活量,不同结局指标的测量方法和参照标准不一致。结论 CTD-ILD发病机制复杂且不同CTD之间差异性较大。CTD-ILD的临床试验相对较少,且大多数研究规模较小,建议加强CTD-ILD临床研究设计,提高临床试验质量,综合考虑结局指标的应用现状,确保其在临床试验中的准确性和实用性。

GE水煤浆气化装置灰水水质影响因素分析与控制

气化灰水可谓是水煤浆气化装置的“血液”,灰水水质超标会导致系统设备和管道腐蚀结垢,制约GE水煤浆气化装置的长周期运行,并严重影响污水处理的效能。对灰水pH值、硬度、碱度、悬浮物含量、浊度、氯离子含量、电导率、氨氮和COD等关键指标对水煤浆气化灰水系统的影响进行分析,并就各影响因素总结出针对性的水质控制措施,以提高气化装置运行的稳定性和经济性。

无创自动测量血压计静态压力示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定

电子血压计作为测量人体血压最常见的设备之一,不确定度的评定是判定测量值准确与否的重要指标。本文介绍示波法原理的无创自动测量血压计静态压力示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定和表达方法。

协同技术在皮带输送机中的应用研究

传统的皮带输送机控制方法根据综采工作面产煤量人工调整皮带输送机运行速度,受环境和人为因素影响,速度调整滞后性严重,皮带输送机常常在中、低运输量状态持续运行,运输效率低。基于此,结合监测技术和单片机技术,利用单片机对皮带输送机进行智能化改造,同时在采煤机和皮带输送机合理位置布置速度监测设备,实时监测二者的运行速度并将监测信息反馈给控制器,经预先输入的逻辑语句的判断输出控制信号调整皮带输送机的运行速度,使皮带输送机在高运输量状态下运行。

新建高校火灾自动报警与消防应急照明系统设计

新建高校作为有多种功能的特殊的建筑群,其自身的建筑特点导致火灾自动报警系统设计与其他常规项目不一样,特别是对于部分按规范无需设置火灾自动报警系统的单体建筑,火灾自动报警系统、消防应急照明和疏散指示系统设置均存在较大差异,如火灾切非位置设置、电气火灾监控设置、消防应急照明和疏散指示系统的控制方式是选择集中控制型系统还是非集中控制型系统、火灾时如何启动集中电源集中控制型系统等等。

污水处理装置排放超标控制措施研究

针对目标污水处理装置采用加药絮凝的方式对污水进行处理,出现了出口系统水质污染物排放超标的现象,在分析进水系统和出水系统水样水质指标的基础上,考察了不同类型絮凝剂对污水处理效果的影响,优选出性能较好的复合絮凝剂FX-1,并考察了污水处理装置的长时间运行效果。结果表明:FX-1的使用能够有效降低目标污水处理装置出口端水样中的各项污染物浓度,且出水系统水样各项污染物浓度在12个月内均能得到有效控制,COD、悬浮物、氨氮、总氮、总磷和石油类含量均能达到GB 18918—2002中“一级A标准”要求,实现了目标污水处理装置高效稳定运行。

水质自动监测质量管理体系与质控措施研究

水质自动监测系统是通过应用物联化技术、自动测量技术、传感技术以及预警监测等技术连续监测和远程监控水质变化情况的在线自动监测系统。水质自动监测站是国家监测网络的重要组成部分,其数据能反映水环境质量现状及变化趋势,是评价水体污染治理成效的重要依据,同时也是污染物溯源追踪、支撑生态环境执法的重要手段。为了保证自动监测数据真、准、全,需建立完善质量管理体系和通过内部质控与外部质控相结合的方式落实好质量控制措施,保障水质自动监测站持续有效运行。

基于人工智能的电子测量装置自动控制研究

现有电子测量装置电机转速运行不稳定,为提升电子测量装置转速控制能力,设计基于人工智能的电子测量装置自动控制方法。构建基于人工智能的PID控制器,采用混沌神经网络不断学习网络权值、学习率、单元阈值以及平滑因子,并在学习阶段实时调整参数,在线控制PID控制器;选取遗传算法优化PID控制参数,实现PID控制参数的优化。实验结果表明,该方法训练时具备较高学习率,能够通过训练提升控制能力;当突加100%与突减100%负载时,该方法能够自动控制电机转速不发生较大变化。

基于信号软测量的再热蒸汽温度控制研究

火电机组再热蒸汽温度系统是一个大迟延、大惯性系统,在不同负荷工况下表现出不同动态特性,许多电厂面临着再热汽温自动控制投入困难的问题。再热汽温控制对火电机组具有非常重要的意义,再热汽温过高使金属材料蠕变加快,影响使用寿命,甚至引起锅炉爆管等恶性事故;再热汽温过低使机组热效率降低,还会造成汽轮机末级叶片侵蚀加剧。为此,研究一种基于信号软测量和系统动态特性补偿的再热汽温自动控制策略,基于能量守恒原理计算再热减温器后温度,解决了目前再热减温器后无有效温度测点的问题;通过试验方法对再热器和再热减温器进行建模,采用系统动态特性补偿策略将再热汽温模型等效为较小的滞后和惯性系统;通过阀门线性化处理,有效解决执行机构非线性问题。基于以上方法对某电厂2台机组再热汽温自动控制进行优化,取得了较好效果,可为同类型火电机组再热汽温控制提供参考。

基于双闭环反馈的自动控制原理课程混合式教学探索与实践

自动控制原理是自动化专业的核心课程,具有概念抽象和公式繁多的特点,在一流专业建设背景下面临课时压缩导致学生难以有效掌握课程内容、传统教学方式难以有效培养学生学习能力的问题。该文在混合式教学模式下,借鉴课程中闭环反馈思想,提出基于知识学习内环和能力培养外环的教学框架,根据反馈结果构建以学生为中心的教学体系动态调整方案。通过以上措施,在有限学时下保质保量完成教学内容,实现能力培养和知识学习的同步推进,可以为相关课程的建设提供参考。