Anatomic relationship of extensor indicis propius and extensor digitorum communis: Implications for tendon transfer

BACKGROUND The extensor indicis proprius(EIP)tendon is a frequently used donor for a variety of tendon transfers,most commonly for reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus(EPL).EIP is known to have frequent anatomic variants including split tendons and variations in tendon arrangement.AIM To characterize the anatomy of the EIP at the level of the extensor retinaculum,where tendon harvest is often performed,and share our preferred technique for EIP to EPL transfer.METHODS Twenty-nine fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms without history of forearm or hand injury or surgery were dissected.Tendon circumference and relationship of the EIP and extensor digitorum communis to the index(EDCI)at the metacarpophalangeal(MCP)joint and the distal extensor retinaculum were recorded.Distance from the distal extensor retinaculum to the EIP myotendinous junction was measured.RESULTS EIP was ulnar to the EDCI in 96.5%of specimens(28/29)at the distal edge of the extensor retinaculum.In the remaining specimen,EIP was volar to EDCI.Tendon circumference at the distal extensor retinaculum averaged(9.3 mm±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 11.1 mm(±2.7 mm)for EIP(P=0.0010).The tendon circumference at the index MCP joint averaged 11.0 mm(±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 10.6 mm(±2.1 mm)for EIP(P=0.33).EIP had a greater circumference in 76%(22/29)of specimens at the distal extensor retinaculum whereas EIP had a greater circumference in only 31%(9/29)of specimens at the MCP joint.CONCLUSION The EIP tendon is frequently ulnar to and greater in circumference than the EDCI at the distal extensor retinaculum,which can be taken into consideration for tendon transfers involving EIP.

Transfer of the extensor indicis proprius branch of posterior interosseous nerve to reconstruct ulnar nerve and median nerve injured proximally:an anatomical study

Proximal or middle lesions of the ulnar or median nerves are responsible for extensive loss of hand motor function.This occurs even when the most meticulous microsurgical techniques or nerve grafts are used.Previous studies had proposed that nerve transfer was more effective than nerve grafting for nerve repair.Our hypothesis is that transfer of the posterior interosseous nerve,which contains mainly motor fibers,to the ulnar or median nerve can innervate the intrinsic muscles of hands.The present study sought to investigate the feasibility of reconstruction of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of median nerve by transferring the extensor indicis proprius branch of the posterior interosseous nerve obtained from adult cadavers.The results suggested that the extensor indicis proprius branch of the posterior interosseous nerve had approximately similar diameters and number of fascicles and myelinated nerve fibers to those of the deep branch of ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of the median nerve.These confirm the feasibility of extensor indicis proprius branch of posterior interosseous nerve transfer for reconstruction of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and the thenar branch of median nerve.This procedure could be a novel and effective method for the functional recovery of the intrinsic muscles of hands after ulnar nerve or median nerve injury.

Extension of analytical indicial aerodynamics to generic trapezoidal wings in subsonic flow

Analytical indicial aerodynamic functions are calculated for several trapezoidal wings in subsonic flow, with a Mach number 0.3 Ma 0.7. The formulation herein proposed extends wellknown aerodynamic theories, which are limited to thin aerofoils in incompressible flow, to generic trapezoidal wing planforms. Firstly, a thorough study is executed to assess the accuracy and limitation of analytical predictions, using unsteady results from two state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics solvers as cross-validated benchmarks. Indicial functions are calculated for a step change in the angle of attack and for a sharp-edge gust, each for four wing configurations and three Mach numbers. Then, analytical and computational indicial responses are used to predict dynamic derivatives and the maximum lift coefficient following an encounter with a one-minus-cosine gust. It is found that the analytical results are in excellent agreement with the computational results for all test cases. In particular, the deviation of the analytical results from the computational results is within the scatter or uncertainty in the data arising from using two computational fluid dynamics solvers. This indicates the usefulness of the developed analytical theories.

Anti-diabetic effects of linarin from Chrysanthemi Indici Flos via AMPK activation

Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of linarin,a flavonoid extracted from Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF),and its potential mechanisms.Methods:The effects of linarin on cell viability and glucose consumption in Hep G2 cells were measured.Meanwhile,monosodium glutamate(MSG) mouse model was constructed to monitor the changes of insulin tolerance,glucose tolerance,triglyceride and cholesterol.The protein expression levels of pAMPK,p-ACC,PEPCK and p-GS were detected by Western blot.Results:Linarin could increase the relative glucose consumption of Hep G2 cells,improve insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance,and decrease the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol of MSG mice.Simultaneously,the expression levels of p-AMPK and p-ACC in Hep G2 cells and the liver tissue of MSG mice were increased,while the expression levels of PEPCK and p-GS were decreased after treatment with linarin.Conclusion:Insulin resistance could be ameliorated by linarin in type 2 diabetes,and its mechanism may be related to AMPK signaling pathway.

蚕丝织物的野菊花色素染色

野菊花色素作为一种天然植物提取物,含有丰富的类黄酮成分,具有鲜明的颜色和优良的抗氧化性能,在医药、食品等领域得到广泛使用。试验选取野菊花类黄酮色素,利用直接染色法和后媒染法对蚕丝织物进行染色,探究了其最佳染色工艺。结果表明:野菊花色素后媒染蚕丝织物的最佳工艺为:染液pH=4,染色时间40 min,染色温度90℃,媒染剂质量浓度2.5g/L。野菊花色素染色的蚕丝织物耐摩擦色牢度可达4.5级以上,耐皂洗色牢度达3.5级,但耐日晒色牢度仅为2~3级。

HPLC测定野菊花中蒙花苷与木犀草素的含量

目的：建立野菊花中蒙花苷与木犀草素的含量测定方法。方法：运用高效液相色谱法测定，色谱柱为Thermo Hypersil BDSC18（4．6mm×250mm，5μm），流动相为甲醇-四氢呋喃-水（50：4：46），流速0．6mL·min^-1；检测波长350nm。结果：蒙花苷与木犀草素分别在0．0152～0．152mg·mL^-1和0．0018～0．018mg·mL^-1线性关系良好，r分别为0．9998，0．9994。平均回收率分别为98．9％，97．2％，RSD均小于3．0％。结论：本法方便，准确，可以用于野菊花药材的质量控制。

不同产地野菊花挥发油化学成分比较研究

目的 :通过研究分析不同产地野菊花挥发油的成分 ,为野菊花的开发利用提供实验依据。方法 :采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取野菊花挥发油 ,用GC毛细管柱进行分析 ,归一化法测其相对含量 ,并用气相色谱 质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定。结果 :广西野菊花含主要成分 18个 ,广东野菊花 17个 ,湖北野菊花 2 0个。结论 :广西、广东、湖北野菊花挥发油化学成分种类和含量均有明显的差别。

野菊花中黄酮类成分的抗菌活性及指纹图谱

目的评估野菊花中黄酮类成分的抗菌活性并建立其HPLC指纹图谱的测定方法。方法采用微量肉汤稀释法检测野菊花总黄酮及蒙花苷对临床常见致病菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)。采用如下液相条件进行指纹图谱分析:Diamonsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,3μm),乙腈-水(0.05%磷酸)流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml/min,室温,检测波长326 nm,并采用指纹图谱相似度软件对野菊花总黄酮成分进行质量评价。结果野菊花总黄酮对葡萄牙假丝酵母的MIC值为61.6μg/ml,蒙花苷对其MIC值为18.0μg/ml。在抗菌活性基础上,建立了14批野菊花药材黄酮类指纹图谱共有模式,标定出野菊花中指纹图谱的15个共有峰,归属了其中8个黄酮类化合物。结论野菊花总黄酮及蒙花苷单体对葡萄牙假丝酵母的体外抗菌活性较好。HPLC指纹图谱方法重现性好,可用于野菊花黄酮类活性成分的质量控制,为野菊花质量控制研究提供前期基础。

杭白菊与野菊花的微量元素比较研究

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对同属不同种菊科植物杭白菊及野菊的Ni,Zn,Mn,Cu,Mg,Fe,Ca和Pb等无机元素进行了分析测定。该方法的加标回收率为94.20%～110.50%,RSD<4.12%,具有良好的准确度和精密度。结果表明:杭白菊中的Ni,Zn,Fe,Pb的含量较高,而野菊花的Mn,Ca含量较高。此测定结果可为探讨杭白菊和野菊花中元素含量与其药效的相关性提供科学数据。

广东野菊花挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从野菊花中提取挥发油 ,试用不同类型的毛细管柱进行分析 ,找出了最佳分析条件 ,共分离出54个峰 ,用归一化法测定其相对含量 ,并用气相色谱 -质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定 ,共鉴定18个成分 ,占挥发油总量的99.8 %。

野菊花抑菌和抗病毒作用实验研究

对野菊花水提物与挥发油的抑菌和抗病毒活性实验研究结果表明，二者均具抑菌和抗病毒活性。对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、绿脓假单胞菌、福氏志贺菌的抑制作用及抗病毒活性，水提物强于挥发油，而对肺炎链球菌，则相反。

酶解结合超声波辅助技术提取纯化菊米总黄酮

采用纤维素酶酶解结合超声波辅助提取,通过大孔树脂分离、纯化菊米中的黄酮类化合物,并通过单因素试验和正交试验进行工艺优化。结果表明:纤维素酶最佳酶解条件为料液比1:10(g/mL)、酶用量1.5%、酶解温度40℃、pH6.0、酶解时间6h;超声波辅助最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数70%、提取时间0.5h。以自然流速过大孔树脂D-101柱,经水洗除杂、60%乙醇溶液洗脱,获得菊米提取物得率达7%,黄酮类物质含量50%以上。

野菊菊米和野菊花挥发油化学成分的比较研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取云南产野菊菊米和野菊花挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分离鉴定,并用面积归一化法测定了相对含量.鉴定出野菊菊米主要化学成分50种,占总化合物的95.00%;野菊花主要化学成分42种,占总化合物的90.95%.野菊菊米和野菊花挥发油的主要成分为单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等,但其化学成分种类和含量有明显的差别.

野菊花提取物对KKAy糖尿病小鼠高血糖、高血脂和血醛糖还原酶的影响

目的观察野菊花提取物对糖尿病KKAy小鼠血糖和血脂水平的影响,及对醛糖还原酶(AR)的抑制作用。方法 8周龄雄性KKAy小鼠,根据初始空腹血糖随机分为模型组、野菊花提取物20和100 mg·kg^(-1)组及格列美脲0.4 mg·kg^(-1)组,以雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为正常对照组,每天ig给药1次,连续7周。每周测量小鼠体质量和摄食量,实验结束前测定空腹血糖并进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT)。末次给药后禁食过夜,处死小鼠,取血清进行生化检测,ELISA测定血清中胰岛素、瘦素和AR水平,解剖取肝、肾、脾、睾周脂肪和肾周脂肪,测定脏器系数并进行常规病理组织学检查。实时PCR测定肾组织匀浆中AR m RNA表达。结果与模型组比较,野菊花提取物100 mg·kg^(-1)组小鼠摄食量明显减少(P<0.01),空腹血糖明显降低(P<0.05);OGTT结果表明野菊花提取物可显著抑制葡萄糖吸收(P<0.01),血清谷丙转氨酶、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素、瘦素和AR水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。组织病理学观察显示,模型组小鼠肝、肾、脂肪、胰腺和脾组织出现不同程度病变,野菊花提取物可抑制糖尿病引起的组织病理变化;同时可降低肾组织AR m RNA表达。结论野菊花提取物对KKAy小鼠有降血糖和血脂的作用,并能保护因糖尿病引起的肾、肝、脂肪、胰腺和脾损伤,其对肾的保护作用与降低肾组织AR m RNA表达从而抑制AR作用有关。

RP-HPLC法测定野菊花中蒙花苷含量

目的建立野菊花中蒙花苷的含量测定方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法 ,DiamonsilTMC18柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 6mm ,5 μm) ,流动相为甲醇 水 磷酸 (体积比 5 7∶4 3∶0 0 4 ) ,检测波长为32 6nm。结果蒙花苷线性范围 0 4 8～ 9 70mg·L-1,r =0 9999(n =7) ;平均回收率为 98 4 % ,RSD为 2 0 % (n =9)。

野菊花药效组分抗炎的生物效应研究

[目的]验证和进一步确定野菊花抗炎的药效组分,为建立野菊花与临床疗效对应的质量标准提供科学依据。[方法]在高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析法确定初步药效组分基础上,采用小鼠血管通透性实验和小鼠耳肿胀实验验证抗炎的生物效应,设立了野菊花水煎剂组、五味消毒饮组、模型组进行比较。[结果]野菊花药效组分组与模型组相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),与水煎剂组和五味消毒饮组相比,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。[结论]野菊花的药效组分(绿原酸、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和蒙花苷)确实具有抗炎作用,可以作为野菊花抗炎的药效组分。

不同产地野菊花挥发油化学成分GC-MS比较分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取野菊花挥发油,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析其化学成分,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分相对含量,研究不同产地野菊花挥发油的化学成分,为野菊花的开发和临床应用提供依据。结果表明:安微亳州、河南温县、河南南阳、安微黄山、杭州1、河南临颍、河南灵宝、杭州2、广州佛山、江苏无锡10个产地野菊花含有已鉴定出的挥发油成分分别为39个、20个、19个、33个、22个、18个、25个、29个、20个、33个,均含有12种主要相同成分。不同产地野菊花挥发油的主要化学成分相似,但所含种类和含量有明显的差异。

野菊花反相高效液相色谱指纹图谱的建立及品质评价

目的建立野菊花的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)指纹图谱和品质评价方法。方法采用优选的样品前处理方法,选用Kromasil C18(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液为流动相(梯度洗脱),体积流量为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为334 nm,建立野菊花的RP-HPLC指纹图谱;以花形为小花,且相似度大于0.95,作为优质药材的判定标准,对22批不同产地野菊花进行品质评价。结果建立了野菊花的RP-HPLC指纹图谱,获得包含18个共有指纹峰的共有模式图谱,结合经验鉴别和指纹图谱建立了新的质量控制模式。结论本文建立的野菊花RP-HPLC指纹图谱方法专属性强,精密度和重复性良好,为野菊花整体质量控制提供了有效手段。

野菊花RP-HPLC色谱指纹图谱的建立及其质量研究

目的:建立野菊花的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,研究不同产地野菊花药材的质量,建立评价野菊花质量优劣的指纹图谱分析方法。方法:利用 RP-HPLC 方法,梯度洗脱,测定了17批野菊花样品。色谱柱:Luna C_(18)(2)柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:A 相为乙腈,B 相为0.05%磷酸水溶液,在0～15min,B 相从92%线性改变至83%,15～40min,B 相从83%线性改变至70%,40～70min,B 相从70%线性改变至5%;流速:1.0mL·min^(-1);检测波长:326nm;柱温;35℃;进样量:10μL。结果:确定了野菊花药材中的24个共有峰,根据聚类分析结果,将野菊花药材分为2类。结论:野菊花药材的反相高效液相色谱指纹图谱,重复性好,专属性强,用于野菊花的质量评价切实可行,可结合含量测定用于全面控制野菊花药材的质量。