Improved visibility of colorectal tumor by texture and color enhancement imaging with indigo carmine

BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis and early resection of colorectal polyps are important to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer.However,technical factors and morphological factors of polyps itself can lead to missed diagnoses.Imageenhanced endoscopy and chromoendoscopy(CE)have been developed to facilitate an accurate diagnosis.There have been no reports on visibility using a combination of texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)and CE for colorectal tumors.AIM To investigate the visibility of margins and surfaces with the combination of TXI and CE for colorectal lesions.METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic.We extracted polyps that were resected and diagnosed as adenomas or serrated polyps(hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated lesions)from our endoscopic database.An expert endoscopist performed the lower gastrointestinal endoscopies and observed the lesion using white light imaging(WLI),TXI,CE,and TXI+CE modalities.Indigo carmine dye was used for CE.Three expert endoscopists rated the visibility of the margin and surface patterns in four ranks,from 1 to 4.The primary outcomes were the average visibility scores for the margin and surface patterns based on the WLI,TXI,CE,and TXI+CE observations.Visibility scores between the four modalities were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests.RESULTS A total of 48 patients with 81 polyps were assessed.The histological subtypes included 50 tubular adenomas,16 hyperplastic polyps,and 15 sessile serrated lesions.The visibility scores for the margins based on WLI,TXI,CE,and TXI+CE were 2.44±0.93,2.90±0.93,3.37±0.74,and 3.75±0.49,respectively.The visibility scores for the surface based on WLI,TXI,CE,and TXI+CE were 2.25±0.80,2.84±0.84,3.12±0.72,and 3.51±0.60,respectively.The visibility scores for the detection and surface on TXI were significantly lower than that on CE but higher than that on WLI(P<0.001).The visibility scores for the margin and surface on TXI+CE were significantly higher than those on CE(P<0.001).In the sub-analysis of adenomas,the visibility for the margin and surface on TXI+CE was significantly better than that on WLI,TXI,and CE(P<0.001).In the sub-analysis of serrated polyps,the visibility for the margin and surface on TXI+CE was also significantly better than that on WLI,TXI,and CE(P<0.001).CONCLUSION TXI+CE enhanced the visibility of the margin and surface compared to WLI,TXI,and CE for colorectal lesions.

Plasma induced degradation of Indigo Carmine by bipolar pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) in the water-air mixture

Degradation of the Indigo Carmine(IC) by the bipolar pulsed DBD in water-air mixture was studied. Effects of various parameters such as gas flow rate, solution conductivity, pulse repetitive rate and ect., on color removal efficiency of dying wastewater were investigated. Concentrations of gas phase O 3 and aqueous phase H 2O 2 under various conditions were measured. Experimental results showed that air bubbling facilitates the breakdown of water and promotes generation of chemically active species. Color removal efficiency of IC solution can be greatly improved by the air aeration under various solution conductivities. Decolorization efficiency increases with the increase of the gas flow rate, and decreases with the increase of the initial solution conductivity. A higher pulse repetitive rate and a larger pulse capacitor C\-p are favorable for the decolorization process. Ozone and hydrogen peroxide formed decreases with the increase of initial solution conductivity. In addition, preliminary analysis of the decolorization mechanisms is given.

Synthesis of Niobium Doped ZnO Nanoparticles by Electrochemical Method: Characterization, Photodegradation of Indigo Carmine Dye and Antibacterial Study

Niobium doped Zincoxide nanoparticles has been synthesized through electrochemical method and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, ICPMS and EDAX data. The UV-Visible spectroscopy result reveals that the band gap energy of ZnO/Nb2O5 nanoparticles to be 3.8 eV. The XRD results show that the crystallite size is to be 31.9 nm. The ICPMS data indicate the presence of 3,3461,328 counts of 93 Nb and 577,906,390 counts of 66 Zn. An improvement in the photocatalytic degradation of Indigocarmine dye (IC) in comparison to commercially available pure ZnO was observed. The photodegradation efficiency for ZnO/Nb2O5 and ZnO were found to be 97.4% and 52.1% respectively. The enhancement in photocatalytic activity of ZnO/ Nb2O5 was ascribed to the extended light absorption range and suppression of electron hole pair recombination upon Nb loading. The antibacterial activity of ZnO/Nb2O5 nanoparticles was investigated. These particles were shown to have an effective bactericide.

Endoscopic detection and diagnostic strategies for minute gastric cancer:A real-world observational study

BACKGROUND Minute gastric cancers(MGCs)have a favorable prognosis,but they are too small to be detected by endoscopy,with a maximum diameter≤5 mm.AIM To explore endoscopic detection and diagnostic strategies for MGCs.METHODS This was a real-world observational study.The endoscopic and clinicopathological parameters of 191 MGCs between January 2015 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Endoscopic discoverable opportunity and typical neoplastic features were emphatically reviewed.RESULTS All MGCs in our study were of a single pathological type,97.38%(186/191)of which were differentiated-type tumors.White light endoscopy(WLE)detected 84.29%(161/191)of MGCs,and the most common morphology of MGCs found by WLE was protruding.Narrow-band imaging(NBI)secondary observation detected 14.14%(27/191)of MGCs,and the most common morphology of MGCs found by NBI was flat.Another three MGCs were detected by indigo carmine third observation.If a well-demarcated border lesion exhibited a typical neoplastic color,such as yellowish-red or whitish under WLE and brownish under NBI,MGCs should be diagnosed.The proportion with high diagnostic confidence by magnifying endoscopy with NBI(ME-NBI)was significantly higher than the proportion with low diagnostic confidence and the only visible groups(94.19%>56.92%>32.50%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION WLE combined with NBI and indigo carmine are helpful for detection of MGCs.A clear demarcation line combined with a typical neoplastic color using nonmagnifying observation is sufficient for diagnosis of MGCs.MENBI improves the endoscopic diagnostic confidence of MGCs.

Precision in detecting colon lesions:A key to effective screening policy but will it improve overall outcomes?

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for the screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer,resulting in a decrease in the incidence and mortality of colon cancer.However,it has a 21%rate of missed polyps.Several strategies have been devised to increase polyp detection rates and improve their characterization and delimi-tation.These include chromoendoscopy(CE),the use of other devices such as Endo cuffs,and major advances in endoscopic equipment[high definition,magnification,narrow band imaging,i-scan,flexible spectral imaging color enhancement,texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI),etc.].In the retrospective study by Hiramatsu et al,they compared white-light imaging with CE,TXI,and CE+TXI to determine which of these strategies allows for better definition and delimitation of polyps.They concluded that employing CE associated with TXI stands out as the most effective method to utilize.It remains to be demonstrated whether these results are extrapolatable to other types of virtual CE.Additionally,further investigation is needed in order to ascertain whether this strategy could lead to a reduction in the recurrence of excised lesions and potentially lower the occurrence of interval cancer.

A STUDY ON VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF INDIGO CARMINE AND ITS MIXTURE WITH AMARANTH AT MERCURY FILM ELECTRODE ON SILVER SUBSTRATE

The voltammetric behavior of indigo carmine at mercury film electrode on a silver substrate (MFES) was studied in this paper. It was found that indigo carmine gave a sensitive reduction peak at a potential (Vp) of -0.11 V at pH 4.0 in aqueous solution. The MFES gave good reproducibility and life time. The peak currents (ip) depended lipearly on the concentrations of indigo carmine free 0 to 100 ng/ml. The Vp and Ip of indigo carmine at MFES were independent of the concentrations of amaranth at pH 4.0, the Vp of amaranth was -0.24 V at this pH. The differences of Vp between both colorants enabled to distinguish indigo carmine free amaranth.

Degradation of Indigo Carmine Using Advanced Oxidation Processes: Synergy Effects and Toxicological Study

The physicochemical degradation of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye in aqueous solution was performed using single and combined Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP’s). Photocatalysis (TiO2-UV), Ozonation (O3) and Sonolysis (SN) were tested either in a standalone methodology or by combination of two simultaneous AOP’s. The dye conversion was followed by both measurements: 1) color removal determined by UV-VIS spectrometry and 2) organic and inorganic load determined by the chemical oxygen demand (COD). A complete and quick color disappearance of model water waste has been obtained by using combination of non-irradiated AOP’s, namely, O3/SN, which contrasts to the combination of irradiated photocatalysis with O3 or sonolysis. Color removal with simultaneous TiO2-UV/SN reached 77% while TiO2-UV/O3 reached 96% at similar reaction time. On the other hand, the standalone O3 yielded the highest color removal (94.4%) in 32 minutes whereas SN reached only 39.2% in 4 hours. The standalone light irradiated TiO2-UV reached 93.3% color re-moval in one hour of reaction time. These results indicated that non-irradiated (SN and O3) enhance synergistic effects that provoke structural changes in dye molecule without reaching total degradation. This is evidenced from FTIR of residuals from reaction mixture in which it has been observed the presence of organic molecules such as aromatics, sulfonic and amines refractory compounds that are mechanisti-cally possible to be found during IC degradation. Also, toxicity tests (MicroTox? Technique) were performed using commercially available bacteria culture before and after IC degradation for each AOP and their combination. Reduction of aqueous dye concentration decreased the level of toxicity of the treated water which is the main target of the AOP’s but the presence of the remaining recalcitrant compounds have also toxic effect.

Determination of Trace Amounts of Cobalt and Copper by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Indigo Carmine Chemiluminescence Detection

A post-column reaction chemiluminescence detection method in ion chromatography is described in this paper.The chemiluminescence system was indigo cramine-hydrogen peroxide. The chemiluminescence reaction conditions and the separation conditions of Co and Cu in chromatography were presented.The detection limits were 1.0 and 2.0×10-8 g/mL for Co and Cu respectively.

京都胃炎分类评分结合醋酸-靛胭脂染色放大内镜在早期胃肿瘤性病变诊断中的价值

目的 探讨京都胃炎分类评分结合醋酸-靛胭脂染色放大内镜在胃肿瘤性病变诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年8月宁波市中医院收治的88例经京都胃炎分类评分筛选后的高风险慢性胃炎患者(≥4分)的临床资料。所有患者均进行普通高清白光胃镜检查,发现可疑病灶则行醋酸-靛胭脂染色放大检查,比较检查结果和病理结果,分析二者对肿瘤性病变的诊断价值。结果 经醋酸-靛胭脂染色的肿瘤性病变诊断准确率高于染色前,诊断灵敏度及特异度均高于染色前。结论 使用京都胃炎分类评分进行初步筛查,结合醋酸-靛胭脂染色放大内镜进一步精查可以更准确地诊断早期胃肿瘤性疾病,降低假阴性及假阳性情况,临床应用价值更高。

靛蓝胭脂红(IC)的光谱电化学研究

用光纤光谱电化学传感器(FOSECS)研究了IC的光谱电化学行为,测定了它的热力学函数、条件平衡常数及参与电化学反应的质子数,其结果与文献值一致。

蓝激光成像放大胃镜联合靛胭脂染色对早期胃癌的鉴别价值研究

目的:探讨蓝激光成像放大胃镜(Blue laser imaging magnifying gastroscopy,M-BLI)联合靛胭脂染色鉴别早期胃癌的价值。方法:选取2022年1月至2022年12月医院收治的60例疑似早期胃癌患者作为研究对象,均进行普通白光成像(White light imaging,WLI)检查、M-BLI联合靛胭脂染色检查,以病理检查结果为金标准,分析WLI、M-BLI联合靛胭脂染色对早期胃癌的诊断效能。结果:M-BLI联合靛胭脂染色检查图像质量评分均高于WLI检查(P<0.05)。病理学检查显示,60例疑似早期胃癌患者中,胃癌患者20例,癌前病变患者40例;M-BLI联合靛胭脂染色检查显示,胃癌患者21例,癌前病变患者39例,与病理学检查的Kappa值为0.889;WLI检查显示,胃癌患者20例,癌前病变患者40例,与病理学检查的Kappa值为0.550。M-BLI联合靛胭脂染色诊断早期胃癌的准确度、敏感度分别为95.00%(57/60)、95.00%(19/20)均高于WLI的80.00%(48/60)、70.00%(14/20)(P<0.05)。结论:M-BLI联合靛胭脂染色能获得更清晰的图像,对早期胃癌具有较高的鉴别效能。

Magnifying colonoscopy as a non-biopsy technique for differential diagnosis of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions

瞄准：为了澄清与放大结肠镜检查观察的粘膜地窟模式是否对可行，把非肿瘤的息肉与肿瘤的息肉区分开来。方法：从通过 2000 年 3 月的 1999 年 6 月，有 210 损害的 180 个连续病人与放大结肠镜诊断了(CF-200Z，天堂光有限公司，东京，日本) 被注册。有 0.2% 靛青洋红染料的放大和多彩石印版内视镜检查法为粘膜地窟观察被用于每损害。损害出现打字我和 II 地窟模式被活体检视组织学地认为非肿瘤、检验，而损害证明到 V 地窟模式的类型 III 被移开内视镜的联盟者或通过手术。内视镜的诊断和 histologic 诊断的关联然后被调查。结果：在内视镜检查法， 24 损害证明我或 II 坑模式，和 186 损害显示出的一种类型打 III 到 V 坑模式。与 histologic 检查， 26 损害作为非肿瘤的息肉被诊断，并且 184 损害作为肿瘤的息肉被诊断。全面诊断精确性是 99.1%(208/210 ) 。敏感和特性是 92.3%(24/26 ) 并且 99.8%(184/186 ) 分别地。结论：放大结肠镜检查能作为一种非活体检视技术被使用区分肿瘤、非肿瘤的息肉。

Dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry for determination of trace Ru(Ⅲ)

A new dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace Ru(III)was studied.This method was based on Ru(III)-catalyzing oxidation of Arsenazo I and indigo carmine by potassium bromate in sulfuric acid.The absorbances of the catalytic and noncatalytic systems were measured at 510 and610 nm,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the linear range of determination is 0–0.12 lgáml-1and the detection limit is 1.21 9 10-4lgáml-1.The method was applied for the determination of trace Ru(III)in ore samples with satisfactory results.

Discarded Carbon-Zinc Batteries as Source of an Efficient Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Catalyst Employed to Degrade Organic Molecules in an Aqueous Medium

The present work evaluates the feasibility of using the raw material collected from discarded zinc-carbon batteries as heterogeneous catalyst to degrade the dye Indigo Carmine in an aqueous solution. Besides the evident environmental application, this work also presents an economic alternative for the production of new catalysts used to remediate polluted waters. For this, discarded carbon-zinc batteries were gathered, disassembled and their anodic paste collected. After acidic treatment and calcination at 500°C, characterization measurements, i.e. flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed that the so-obtained material consisted mainly of ZnMn2O4. This material acts as a heterogeneous catalyst in a Fenton-like process that degrades the dye Indigo Carmine in water. That is probably due to the presence of Mn(III) (manganese in the +3 oxidation state) in this material that triggers the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to yield hydroxyl radicals (HO&middot;). Moreover, direct infusion electrospray ionization coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) was employed to characterize the main by-products resulting from such degradation process. These initial results thus indicate that raw materials from waste batteries can therefore be potentially employed as efficient Fenton-like catalysts to degrade organic pollutants in an aqueous solution.

HP Indigo端到端数字印刷解决方案问世

在2007年11月28日召开的第三届亚洲国际标签印刷展上，HP Indigo公司携HP Indigo端到端数字印刷解决方案登场。该解决方案由Esko-Graphics公司的印前系统，HP Indigo的ws4500数字印刷机，AB Graphic公司的印后加工系统组成。对不少标签印刷企业来说，印量小、花样又多的订单一直令其困惑，而HP Indigo的端到端解决方案不但可以轻松解决这些难题，甚至还可以在8小时内完成20多个高质量的标签印刷作业，承印量高达163005个工业标签。

共价有机框架材料的制备及对染料吸附性能的研究

利用溶剂热法合成了一种二维的共价有机框架(DMTP-TAPB COF)材料。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析仪(TGA)对合成材料的结构、形貌和性能进行了详细的研究。然后研究了制备的共价有机框架材料对于靛蓝胭脂红染料(IC)的吸附能力,考察了不同吸附时间、不同p H和不同靛蓝胭脂红的初始浓度对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,制备的二维共价有机框架材料具有良好的结晶度和均匀的形貌。同时,DMTP-TAPB COF对靛蓝胭脂红具有较高的吸附能力(330.5 mg/g)和移除效率(84.5%),吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附模型。该研究表明共价有机框架材料作为污染物的吸附剂具有广阔的应用前景。

NBI-ME联合靛胭脂在消化道早期癌和癌前病变诊断中的应用

目的研究窄带成像放大内镜(NBI-ME)联合靛胭脂在消化道早期癌和癌前病变诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2020年1月至2021年12月咸阳市中心医院诊治的82例疑似消化道早期癌和癌前病变患者为研究对象,所有患者均接受NBI-ME、NBI-ME联合靛胭脂、组织病理学检查。以组织病理学结果作为金标准,比较NBI-ME、NBI-ME联合靛胭脂与金标准对消化道早期癌和癌前病变诊断的一致性,及NBI-ME、NBI-ME联合靛胭脂诊断消化道早期癌和癌前病变的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值与病变轮廓清晰度。结果组织病理学结果显示,82例疑似消化道早期癌和癌前病变患者中早期癌和癌前病变47例,占比57.32%,非早期癌和癌前病变35例,占比42.68%;NBI-ME诊断消化道早期癌和癌前病变的准确率为86.59%(71/82);NBI-ME与组织病理学的一致性比较理想(Kappa=0.457;P<0.001);NBI-ME联合靛胭脂诊断消化道早期癌和癌前病变的准确率为96.34%(79/82);NBI-ME联合靛胭脂诊断与组织病理学的一致性极好(Kappa=0.598;P<0.001);NBI-ME联合靛胭脂检查的总清晰率为97.67%,明显高于NBI-ME的86.59%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NBI-ME联合靛胭脂诊断消化道早期癌和癌前病变的特异性、阳性预测值分别为97.14%、97.83%,均高于NBI-ME单独诊断的82.86%、87.50%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论NBI-ME联合靛胭脂应用于消化道早期癌和癌前病变诊断有较高的应用价值,且能够清晰显示病变轮廓。

Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of multi-elements-doped ZrO_2 for degradation of indigo carmine

In this study, C,N,S-doped ZrO2 and a series of Eu doped C,N,S-ZrO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a coprecipitation method using thiourea as the source of C, N and S and Eu（NO3）·6H2O as source of Eu. The materials were characterized by X-ray dif-fraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Indigo carmine （IC） was chosen as a model for organic pollutants and used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the photo-catalysts under simulated solar light. Commercial ZrO2 was used as a reference material. XRD and Raman results indicated the for-mation of both tetragonal and monoclinic phase ZrO2 with particle size ranging from 8–30 nm. Multi-element doping had a great in-fluence on the optical responses manifested as red shift in the absorption edge. The highest photocatalytic activity towards IC was observed for the Eu,C,N,S-doped ZrO2 （0.6 mol.%Eu） sample （k=1.09×10–2 min–1）. The commercial ZrO2 showed the lowest photo-degradation activity （k=5.83×10–4 min–1）. The results showed that the control of Eu doping in the C,N,S-ZrO2 was very important in reducing electron-hole recombination. The synergistic effect of Eu, C, N, and S in the ZrO2 matrix led to enhanced utilization of simulated solar energy for the degradation of IC through narrowing of bandgaps.