The interannual variability of the mass transport of the Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） is very possible to be connected with the E1 Nino-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） in the Pacific Ocean and/or the Indian Ocean Dipo...The interannual variability of the mass transport of the Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） is very possible to be connected with the E1 Nino-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） in the Pacific Ocean and/or the Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD）. The IPSL （Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace） coupled general circulation model （CGCM） was employed to examine the interannual variability of the ITF and understand its relationship with the climatic variation in both the basins. A 1 000 a integration was conducted and an annual mean model output was utilized. The pathways of the simulated ITF are reasonable within the Indonesian seas. The major transport occurs in the upper 300 m, with an annual mean transport of 15.68×106 m^3/s, among which the 13.83×1^6 m^3/s through the Makassar Strait is the principal component. The interannual variability of the ITF transport is significant in a 2～4 a period. The relationship between sea level differences across the Indonesian seas （sites in the western Pacific north of the equator and south coast of Java, respectively） and the ITF transport is straightforward on the interannual time-scale with a simultaneous correlation of 0.82. Further investigation indicates that the preceding climatic variation in the tropical Pacific is related to the ITF transport anomaly. The ENSO-like pattem leads the extreme of ITF transport by 1 a, with the correlation between a Nifio 3 SST index and the ITF transport of 0.37. It means that there tends to be an E1 Nino anomaly in the Pacific 1 a before a large ITF transport. The simultaneous correlation between the Nino 3 SST index and the ITF transport is -0.34. The patterns of sea surface temperature and sea surface height are, however, not the typical ENSO anomaly. The ITF transport is more related to the concurrent interannual variability over the Indian Ocean. The simultaneous correlation between the ITF transport and the dipole mode index is 0.46 and the pattem of upper layer anomaly is much like that of the IOD.展开更多
A quasi-global eddy permitting oceanic GCM, LICOM1.0, is run with the forcing of ERA40 daily wind stress from 1958 to 2001. The modelled Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is reasonable in the aspects of both its water sour...A quasi-global eddy permitting oceanic GCM, LICOM1.0, is run with the forcing of ERA40 daily wind stress from 1958 to 2001. The modelled Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is reasonable in the aspects of both its water source and major pathways. Compared with the observation, the simulated annual mean and seasonal cycle of the ITF transport are fairly realistic. The interannual variation of the tropical Pacific Ocean plays a more important role in the interannual variability of the ITF transport. The relationship between the ITF and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also reflects the influence of ENSO. However, the relationship between the ITF transport and the interannual anomalies in the Pacific and Indian Oceans vary with time. During some years, (e.g., 1994), the effect of a strong IOD on the ITF transport is more than that from ENSO.展开更多
On the basis of simple ocean data assimilation （SODA） reanalysis product, the interannual variability of upper-ocean Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） volume transport since the mid 1970s is examed. The wavelet analysi...On the basis of simple ocean data assimilation （SODA） reanalysis product, the interannual variability of upper-ocean Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） volume transport since the mid 1970s is examed. The wavelet analysis shows a second prominent interannual oscillation with a period of about 2 ～ 4 a. To reveal any relationship between this band-scale oscillation of upper-ocean ITF and the Indian Ocean dipole （IOD）, the correlation and wavelet analyses are used. The correlation coefficient between the upper-ocean ITF and the IOD reaches - 0.40 with upper-ocean ITF lagging an IOD index by eight months. The wavelet power spectrum of upper-ocean ITF shows similar structure to that of the IOD index. And the evolution of IOD is reproduced by lagged correlation between the upper-ocean ITF and the sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） over the Indian Ocean. It suggests that the 2 ～ 4 a band-scale oscillation of upper-ocean ITF is related uniquely to the IOD over the tropical Indian Ocean.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40405017 and 40375030the National Key Science Project of China under contract No.G200078502.
文摘The interannual variability of the mass transport of the Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） is very possible to be connected with the E1 Nino-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） in the Pacific Ocean and/or the Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD）. The IPSL （Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace） coupled general circulation model （CGCM） was employed to examine the interannual variability of the ITF and understand its relationship with the climatic variation in both the basins. A 1 000 a integration was conducted and an annual mean model output was utilized. The pathways of the simulated ITF are reasonable within the Indonesian seas. The major transport occurs in the upper 300 m, with an annual mean transport of 15.68×106 m^3/s, among which the 13.83×1^6 m^3/s through the Makassar Strait is the principal component. The interannual variability of the ITF transport is significant in a 2～4 a period. The relationship between sea level differences across the Indonesian seas （sites in the western Pacific north of the equator and south coast of Java, respectively） and the ITF transport is straightforward on the interannual time-scale with a simultaneous correlation of 0.82. Further investigation indicates that the preceding climatic variation in the tropical Pacific is related to the ITF transport anomaly. The ENSO-like pattem leads the extreme of ITF transport by 1 a, with the correlation between a Nifio 3 SST index and the ITF transport of 0.37. It means that there tends to be an E1 Nino anomaly in the Pacific 1 a before a large ITF transport. The simultaneous correlation between the Nino 3 SST index and the ITF transport is -0.34. The patterns of sea surface temperature and sea surface height are, however, not the typical ENSO anomaly. The ITF transport is more related to the concurrent interannual variability over the Indian Ocean. The simultaneous correlation between the ITF transport and the dipole mode index is 0.46 and the pattem of upper layer anomaly is much like that of the IOD.
基金This work was jointly supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Innovation Program”under Grant No.KZCX2-SW-210the National Key Basic Research of China under Grant No.G2000078502the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40233031,40375030,and 40405017.
文摘A quasi-global eddy permitting oceanic GCM, LICOM1.0, is run with the forcing of ERA40 daily wind stress from 1958 to 2001. The modelled Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is reasonable in the aspects of both its water source and major pathways. Compared with the observation, the simulated annual mean and seasonal cycle of the ITF transport are fairly realistic. The interannual variation of the tropical Pacific Ocean plays a more important role in the interannual variability of the ITF transport. The relationship between the ITF and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also reflects the influence of ENSO. However, the relationship between the ITF transport and the interannual anomalies in the Pacific and Indian Oceans vary with time. During some years, (e.g., 1994), the effect of a strong IOD on the ITF transport is more than that from ENSO.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 40306004 the National Basic Research Program of China under contract No. 2005CB422300.
文摘On the basis of simple ocean data assimilation （SODA） reanalysis product, the interannual variability of upper-ocean Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） volume transport since the mid 1970s is examed. The wavelet analysis shows a second prominent interannual oscillation with a period of about 2 ～ 4 a. To reveal any relationship between this band-scale oscillation of upper-ocean ITF and the Indian Ocean dipole （IOD）, the correlation and wavelet analyses are used. The correlation coefficient between the upper-ocean ITF and the IOD reaches - 0.40 with upper-ocean ITF lagging an IOD index by eight months. The wavelet power spectrum of upper-ocean ITF shows similar structure to that of the IOD index. And the evolution of IOD is reproduced by lagged correlation between the upper-ocean ITF and the sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） over the Indian Ocean. It suggests that the 2 ～ 4 a band-scale oscillation of upper-ocean ITF is related uniquely to the IOD over the tropical Indian Ocean.
